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HAVERHILL     MASSACHUSETTS 
1SS9 

ch:a.se   brothers 


Copyright,  1889,  by  the  Haverhill  Board  of  Trade. 


i 


COXTKXTS. 


Face. 

Preface  --------5 

Orgam/ation  of  the  Board  of  Trade  -             7 

Historic  Haverhill       -         -         -         -  -       '5 

Within  and  Without          _         .         -  -           ^.- 

Schools   -         -         -         -         -         -         -  "59 

Organized  Activity    -         -         -         -  -           91 

Shoes  and  Shoemaking            -         -         -  -     129 

Various  Things            -         -         -         -  -         155 

A  Place  to  Live   In-         -         -         -  -181 

Proiminent  Business  Interests            -  -         195 


1  *i\m:i\\ci:. 


'I'liis  book  has  been  jircpaiccl  b\'  the  Coiiiniittcc  on 
Statistics  and  Infonnation  of  the  IJoard  ot"  Trade  of 
Ilaxerhill  in  obedience  to  instructions  iVom  tlie  Board. 

'I'hey  lia\e  meant  to  indult^e  little  in  reminiscence, 
but  it  has  been  their  aim  to  present  such  a  picture  of 
the  |iiesent  Ila\eihill  as  not  onl\' to  remiiul  its  own  citi- 
zens ol  what  easil\'  slij)s  tiie  memor\'  ot  the  most  Io\al, 
but  also  to  ,n"i\c  the  stian^er  an  adecpiate  conception  of 
its  claims  to  rank  amon<j:  the  chief  industrial  cities  of  the 
country;  ol  its  orii^-in,  its  proii^ress,  and  its  \et  unde\el- 
ojietl  j-iossibilities;  of  its  success,  its  natural  beaut\-,  its 
hospitalitN',  its  eneriry,  its  organic  lite. 

It  has  been  their  endeavor  to  state  only  what  are 
conceded  to  be  lacts,  in  the  belief  that  the  recital  of  the 
facts  alone  in\  ites  to  Ilaxerhill  the  capitalist,  the  manu- 
facturer, the  tradesman,  and  the  artisan,  the  man  of 
means  lookin^i^  Ibr  a  reasonable  investment,  the  man  of 
family  in  quest  of  a  home,  the  man  of  leisure  in  search 
of  a  refined  society,  the  parent  solicitous  for  the  welfare 
of  his  children. 

To  these,  this  imperfect  sketch  of  Haverhill  and  its 
industries,  imperfect  because  done  by  the  busy  residents 
of  a  busy  city,  is  presented.  If  it  shall  do  no  more  than 
create  a  closer  acquaintanceship  between  these  and  the 
citizens  of  Haverhill,  it  will  have  served  a  worthy   end. 


^j^^L-'ir^  /        /^/^ 


^ 


&C,  ^^^^   ^ 


HAVKHMII.I 


HOAl>J]J  OK  TRADK. 


Pursuant  to  a  call  for  a  meetino- of  business  men  and 
citizens  of  ITa\crhill  to  consider  the  propriety  of  the 
formation  of  a  Board  of  Trade,  about  fifty  gentlemen 
met  in  the  otlice  ol  George  A.  Ilall.  Esq.,  Academy  of 
Music,  March  30,  1888,  and  organized  In*  the  choice  of 
II.  E.  Bartlett,  chairman,  and  E.  G.  Frothinjrham,  secre- 
tary.  A  committee  was  appointed  to  nominate  a  list  of 
ofhcers  for  permanent  organization  and  to  prepare  a 
constitution  and  by-laws,  which  committee  met  at  an 
adjourned  meeting  at  No.  40  Daggett's  Building,  April 
2,  and  yoted  to  recommend  tor  adoption  a  constitution 
and  by-laws,  and  nominated  a  list  of  olficers,  all  of 
which  action  was  accepted  and  contirmed  at  the  tirst 
regular  meeting  of  the  Board,  held  at  the  Police  Court 
Room,  April  11,  1888. 


HAVERHILL,  MASSACHUSETTS. 


President,  THOMAS  SANDERS. 


VICE    PRESIDENTS. 


Levi  Tiiylor, 
janics  II.  Carleton, 
(jcorgc  A.  Kimball, 
J.  B.  Swctt, 
John  B.  Nichols, 
Daniel  Fitts, 
John  L.  Ilobson, 

A.  W.  Downing", 
John  E.  Gale, 
Daniel  Goodrich, 
Gyles  Merrill, 
Warren  Hoyt, 

A.  A.  Hill, 

George  H.  Carleton, 
Dudley  Porter, 

B.  F.  Brickett, 

B.  F.  Leighton, 
James  O'Doherty, 
L.  V.  Spaulding, 
Charles  Butters, 
Alpheus  Currier, 
Charles  W.  Chase, 
E.  B.  Bishop, 

A.  P.  Jaques, 
Charles  H.  Goodwin. 

C.  N.  Kelly, 
C.  H.  Weeks, 
Charles  Shapleigh, 


Charles  S.  Kendrick, 
George  Thayer, 
F.  E.  Watson, 
George  O.  Willey, 
George  O.  Hoyt, 
II.  B.  Goodrich, 
J.  H.  Say  ward, 
George  C.  How, 
E.  O.  Bullock, 

E.  H.  Howes, 
J.  C.  Hardy, 

F.  G.  Richards, 
W.  H.  Smiley, 
George  A.  Greene, 
S.  P.  Gardner, 

C.  P.  Messer, 
J.  J.  Winn, 

I.  B.  Hosford, 
Alfred  Kimball, 
Ira  O.  Sawder, 
Henry  Belanger, 
John  A.  Gale, 

D.  D.  Chase, 
Ira  A.  Abbott, 
A.  M.  Allen, 
Alonzo  Wa}', 
Warren  Emerson, 
J.  A.  Huntington, 


LIST    OF    OFFICIiRS. 

Irah  E.  Chase,  Charles  Le Bosquet, 

W.  H.  Moody,  U.  A.  KiUam, 

Algernon  P.  Nichols,  L.  C  WadleiLjh, 

J.  H.  Sheldon,  W.  E.  Blunt,^ 

Charles  Smiley,  W.  R.  W'hittier, 

Albert  LeB(;squet,  A.  M.  'i'ilton. 
C.  II.  Fellows, 

1)1  Ki:croRs. 

William  A.  Brooks,  Charles  W.  Arnold, 

James  H.  Wiiuheil,  Martin  Taylor, 

George  A.  Hall,  Charles  N.  Iloyt, 

B.  B.Jones,  Aug.  Bourneuf, 

J.  G.  S.  Little,  Woodbury  Noyes, 

C.  W.  Morse,  George  L.  Emerson, 
M.  W.  Hanscom,                     T.  S.'  Ruddock, 

I).  F.  Sprague,  I).  '1\  Kenned\, 

F.  C.  Wilson. 

Treasurer,  HORACE  E.  BARTLETT. 

Secretary,  E.  G.  FROTIIINGIIAM. 

STANDING  COMMITTEES. 

FINANCE   AND  ROOMS. 

U.  A.  Killam.  Chairman. 
D.  F.  Sprague,  C.  W.  Arnold. 

RAILROADS  AND  TRANSPORTATION. 

George  H.  Carleton,  Chairman. 
B.  B.  Jones,  Secretary. 
J.  H.  Winchell,  Alfred  Kimball, 

Martin  Taylor. 


lO  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

MUNICH^AL  AFFAIRS. 

E.  B.  Bishop,  Chairman. 

Thomas  E.  Burnham,  Secretary. 

Woodbury  Noyes,  James  D.  White, 

Charles  N.  Kelly. 

MANUFACTURING  AND  MERCANTILE  AFFAIRS. 

W.  A.  Brooks,  Chairman. 

C.  W.  Morse,  Secretary. 

Thomas  S.  Ruddock,  F.  C.  Came, 

George  C.  How,  Ira  O.  Sawyer, 

F.  G.  Richards. 

STATISTICS  AND  INFORMATION. 

Jones  Frankle,  Chairman. 

W.  E.  How,  Secretary. 

A.  A.  Hill,  M.  D.  Clarke, 

J.  J.  Winn. 

MEMBERS, 

George  H.  Appleton,  N.  K.  Johnson, 

A.  H.  Adams,  J.  E.  Kimball, 

Walter  Ayer,  L.  Kimball  &  Son, 

Thomas  H.  Bailey,  B.  M.  Kimball  &  Son, 

S.  C.  Bassett,  N.  S.  Kimball, 

William  Bray,  Warren  Kimball, 

C.  I.  Bickum,  J.  E.  Lord, 

A.  C.  Barrows,  Thomas  Lahe}', 

W.  T.  Barstow,  W.  B.  Lamprey, 

W.  F.  Blake,  B.  T.  Longfellow, 

Bennett  &  Co.,  J.  A.  Lynch, 


LIST    OF    .ME.MI5ERS. 


I  I 


B.  F.  Barnes, 
Chester  Bryant, 
Hiram  Bond, 
R.  G.  W.  Butters, 

B.  A.  Ball, 
George  Brooks, 
M.  Bonin, 

J.  C.  Bates, 
H.  E.  Chase, 
A.  W.  Cram, 

C.  Haven  Coflln, 
F.  A.  Cheney, 

E.  Charlesworth, 
A.  Wash.  Chase, 
H.  W.  Chase, 

C.  W.  Chandler, 

F.  H.  Cate, 
F.  C.  Came, 
John  A.  Colby, 
C.  H.  Cushman, 
Mauriee  D.  Clarke, 
Clark  &  Dow, 

L.  n.  Chiek, 
H.  M.  Clay, 
George  H.  Cleveland, 
Thomas  F.  Carroll, 
George  B.  Case, 
Charles  T.  Chase, 
R.  S.  Chase, 
W.  D.  Collins, 
Chase  &  Header, 


George  W.  Ladd, 
William  Lyall, 
George  V.  Ladd, 
I.  L.  Mitchell, 
W.  S.  Merryman, 

F.  J.  Mitchell, 

C.  C.  Morse  &  Son, 
E.  A.  Mitchell, 
L.  E.  Martin, 
J.  K.  Moody, 
Eben  Mitchell, 
H.  F.  Morse, 
J.  J.  Marsh, 
William  Nason, 
Byron  Noyes, 
C.  C.  Osgood, 
A.  A.  Ordway, 
J.  II.  Osgood, 
Charles  T.  Paul, 

E.  H.  Pinkham, 

G.  W.  Pettingill, 
Edwin  Poor  &  Co., 
Nicholas  Powers, 
J.  W.  Proctor, 

A.  D.  Patch, 
H.  I.  Pinkham, 
John  Pilling, 

F.  A.  Pierce, 
W.  tl.  Page, 
H.  L.  Perkins, 
Harvey  Ra}-, 


12 


HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 


J.  M.  Davis, 

B.  C.  Davis, 
S.  A.  Dow, 
John  Duncan,  Jr., 
H.  L.  Dole, 
James  Dewhirst, 
Robert  Driscoll, 

C.  Willis  Damon, 
Moses  H.  Dow^, 
W.  F.  Endicott, 
W.  F.  Evans, 

I.  II.  Eaton, 
Charles  Edwards, 
Luther  Emerson, 
E.  H.  Emerson, 
C.  B.  Emerson, 
Matthew  French, 
Floyd  &  Peabody, 
E.  A.  Fitts, 
A.  E.  Fernald, 
W.  M.  Fellows, 
Jones  Frankle, 
C.  K.  Fox, 
C.  H.  Gleason, 
J.  W.  Goodwin, 
W.  S.  Goodell, 
J.  N.  B.  Green, 
J.  A.  Gage, 
H.  II.  Gilman, 
M.  S.  Holmes, 
Moses  How, 


Frank  H^  Russ, 
Russell  &  Co., 
J.  W.  Russ, 
F.  L.  Ricker, 

C.  N.  Rhodes, 
George  W.  Russ, 
Joseph  Ridgeway, 
Perley  A.  Stone, 
W.  W.  Spaulding, 
Willi  am  S  aw3^er , 
Charles  H.  Smith, 

E.  L.  Shannon, 
A.  H.  Saltmarsh, 

D.  Sherwood, 
J.  M.  Stover, 
P.  C.  Swett, 
W.  K.  Stratton, 
J.  F.  Smith, 

J.  B.  Simas, 
M.  L.  Stover, 

F.  E.  Tucker, 
H.  C.  Tanner, 
Thomas  J.  Ta3'lor, 
J.  R.  Thing, 

W.  B.  Thom, 

C.  R.  Thom, 

D.  B.  Tenne}', 
J.  M.  Taylor, 

E.  G.  Tilton, 
George  H.  Tilton, 
W.  H.  Underbill, 


LIST    OF    MEMBERS. 


i.1 


Daniel  llooke, 
J.  W.  IlaNCs, 
James  A.  Halo, 
George  II.  1 1  ill. 
C.  D.  llunking, 
J.  M.  Ilaseltine, 
George  W.  Hanson, 
W.  C.  Ilunkiiis, 
A.  J.  Ilodgclon, 
E.  C.  Ilolman, 
IIo}t  &  Ta\  lor, 


Varney  &  Hayes, 

J.  II.  Varney, 

George  W.  Wentworth, 

J.  F.  West, 

James  D.  White, 

C.  T.  Weaver, 

D.  R.  Webster, 
J.  O.  Warthvell, 

L.  C.  Wadleigh.  Jr.. 
L.  J.  Young, 
A.  B.  Jaqucs. 


HisroRic  I  Iavkriiit.i.. 


Ilaxcrhill  is  tlic  child  (jf  dcstinx-.  An  inland  \illa2"e 
on  the  Merrimack,  wantinij^  the  steep  waterfalls  of  the 
upper  river  and  the  harbor  of  the  lower,  a  stranger  to 
the  capricious  and  unexpected  leaps  in  growth  of  other 
manufacturing  centers,  it  has  pursued  its  wav  in 
steadfastness,  until  the  settlement  of  the  Puritans  be- 
came a  village,  the  village  grew  into  a  town,  and  the 
town  unfolded  into  the  Haverhill  of  to-day, —  an  aggres- 
sive, substantial,  energetic,  thriving  city,  conservative  in 
its  clasp  of  tlie  past,  radical  in  its  reach  for  the  future. 
Little  could  (joodman  Ward,  rowing  up  the  river  that 
summer  day  two  hundred  and  fifty  years  ago,  imagine 
that  the  lo<>-  hut  he  was  to  build  held  the  crerm  of  to- 
day's  city,  with  its  factories  and  blocks,  its  steam  and 
horse  railwavs.  its  electric  lights,  its  telegraphs  and 
telephones,  its  tire  department  and  water-works,  the 
very  invention  of  most  of  which  was  not  yet  dreamed 
of. 


1 6  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

Haverhill,  or  Pentiicket,  as  the  Indians  called  the 
spot,  was  begun  in  1640  by  a  fragment  of  the  emigrants 
who  replanted  in  Massachusetts  the  English  Essex, 
bringing  with  them  the  sturdiness,  integrity,  and  love 
of  freedom  indigenous  to  their  birthplace,  and  recall- 
ing their  old  homes  in  the  names  they  gave  the  new. 
Thus,  in  honor  of  the  native  town  of  their  leader  and 
first  minister,  the  English  Haverhill  was  commemorated 
by  the  founders  of  the  new.  Honorable  in  their  earli- 
est dealings  with  the  aborigines,  the}'  bought  of  the 
Indians  the  lands  the}'  sought  to  occupy,  the  original 
deed  being  still  preserved  in  the  city's  archives,  an 
evidence  of  good  laith  on  the  part  of  some,  at  least,  ot 
the  foreign  trespassers  upon  these  shores. 

Honest  dealings  with  the  owners  of  the  soil  did  not, 
however,  protect  the  villagers  of  the  earlier  days  from 
the  oft-repeated  attacks  of  hostile  Indians.  Haverhill 
occupied  a  peculiar  position  in  this  regard,  lying  on  the 
outermost  edge  of  the  settlements  and  being  thus  more 
directly  exposed  to  the  fury  or  vindictiveness  of  the 
hostile  bands  that  swept  down  the  valley  of  the  Merri- 
mack or  across  the  country.  For  nearly  a  century 
Haverhill  suffered  from  the  repeated  forays  of  the  sav- 
ages, being  for  the  first  fifty  years  in  daily  expectation 
of  an  attack.  At  length,  however,  other  towns  grew 
upon  its  northern  borders  and  stood  between  it  and  its 
savage  foes.  There  still  remain,  in  various  parts  of  the 
city,  as  the  instinct  of  safety  suggested  their  erection, 
garrison  houses,  so  called,  whither  the  adjacent  settlers 
were  in  the  habit  of  betaking  themselves  upon  the  first 
suggestion    of  hostile  approach.       Of  brick,  to    guard 


HISTORIC     II  W  IK  nil. I..  17 

af^ainst  hciiiL;  M"t  on  i\\\\  ol  ^ood  size,  to  arturtl  sale 
ictieat  lor  tlu-  (.lulaiiLicrcd  scttkis,  with  com  ciiiciU 
I(»()|)-li(»l(s,  llicN  allorcl  suhstaMli.il  ami  iiiuleiiiabk-  sii^- 
m'slion  ol  \\\c  clan;4ei'  and  llie  hcr(jism  ol  llu-  liscs 
our  loi'elatluTs  Icil  in  the-  wilderness. 

IMenioiahle  in  I  lav  crliill.  and  ei-lebiated  then  and 
since  lar  hexond  ihi-  town's  hori/(»n,  wen-  the-  ad\en- 
lures  atteiuhn.;  the  eaptiu'e  ami  es».a|>e  ol  llannah 
l)iislon.  On  the  lilteenth  ol  Maieh,  i^)<<7,  a  bod\'  ol 
Imlians  niadi-  an  unexpeeteil  descent  upon  the  town  and 
eanu-  to  thi'  ht»use  of  Thomas  Duston,  who  was  ii\iniij 
in  one  (tj  the  outUini^-  selllenients.  "This  man  was 
ahioad  .11  his  usual  labour.  I'pon  the  lirsl  alaiin,  he 
l1e\\  to  the  house,  with  the  hope  ol  luirrxinLT  to  a  plaee 
ol  salelN  his  lamilx,  eonsistinu'  ol  his  wile,  who  liad 
been  (.•onlineil  a  week  onl\  in  ehild-bed,  hei"  nurse,  a 
willow  from  the  neighborhood,  aiul  eiLiht  ehildren. 
ISe\en  ol  his  ehildien  he  ordered  to  tlee  with  the 
utmost  exjH'dition  in  the  course  opj")osite  to  that  in 
w  hich  the  danger  was  aj">|">roachinu",  and  went  himscll' 
to  assist  his  w  ite.  Belore  she  could  lea\  e  hei"  betl,  the 
sa\a<;es  were  upon  them,  llei"  husband,  tlesj'jairini^  ol 
rendering  her  any  ser\  ice,  llcw  to  the  door,  mounted 
his  horse,  and  determined  to  snatch  up  the  child  with 
which  he  was  unable  to  part  when  he  should  overtake 
the  little  tlock.  When  lie  came  up  to  them,  about  two 
hundred  \  ards  from  his  house,  he  was  unable  to  make 
a  choice  or  to  leave  anv  one  of  the  number.  He 
therefore  determined  to  take  his  lot  with  them,  and  to 
defend  them  iVom  their  murderers  or  die  by  their  side. 
A  body  of  the  Indians  pursued  and  came  up  with  him, 


1 8  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHtJSEtTS. 

and  tVoni  near  distances  fired  at  him  and  his  little  com- 
pany. He  returned  the  fire  and  retreated,  alternately. 
For  more  than  a  mile  he  kept  so  resolute  a  face  to  his 
enemy,  retiring  in  the  rear  of  his  charge,  returned  the 
fire  of  his  enemies  so  often  and  with  so  good  success, 
and  sheltered  so  effectually  his  terrified  companions, 
that  he  finalh'  lodged  them  all  safe  from  the  pursuing 
butchers  in  a  distant  house.  When  it  is  remembered 
how  numerous  his  assailants  were,  how  bold,  when  an 
over-match  for  their  enemies,  how  active,  and  what 
excellent  marksmen,  a  devout  mind  will  consider 
the  hand  of  Providence  as  unusuall}-  visible  in  the 
preservation  of  this  family. 

''  Another  part  of  the  Indians  entered  the  house 
immediatelv  after  Mr.  Duston  had  quitted  it,  and  found 
Mrs.  Duston  and  her  nurse,  who  was  attempting  to  fly 
with  the  infant  in  her  arms.  Mrs.  Duston  they  ordered 
to  rise  instantly,  and,  before  she  could  completely  dress 
herself,  obliged  her  and  her  companion  to  quit  the 
house,  after  they  had  plundered  it  and  set  it  on  fire. 
In  compan}'  with  several  other  captives,  they  began 
their  march  into  the  wilderness,  she  feeble,  sick,  terri- 
fied beyond  measure,  partially  clad,  one  of  her  feet 
bare,  and  the  season  utterly  unfit  for  comfortable  travel- 
ing. The  air  was  chill}^  and  keen,  and  the  earth 
covered,  alternate!}',  with  snow  and  deep  mud.  Her 
conductors  were  unfeeling,  insolent,  and  revengeful. 
Murder  was  their  glory  and  torture  their  sport.  Iler 
infant  was  in  her  nurse's  arms,  and  infants  were  the 
customary  victims  of  savage  barbarity.  The  company 
proceeded  but  a  short  distance,  when  an  Indian,  think- 


HISTORIC    H.W'KKlIirj,.  I9 

iiil;-  it  an  incimil)rancc,  took  the  child  out  of  the  nurse's 
arms  and  daslied  its  head  a<j^ainst  a  tree.  What  were 
then  tlie  leelin^s  oj"  the  mother? 

"  Such  ol'  the  other  eapti\  es  as  be^^an  to  be  \vear\- 
and  to  Iat(,  the  Indians  tomahawked.  The  slaut^hter 
was  not  an  act  of  revent^e  or  crueltw  It  was  a  mere 
eon\enienee;  an  etVort  so  familiar  as  not  e\  en  to  ex- 
cite an  emotion.  Feeble  as  Mrs.  Duston  was,  both  she 
and  her  nurse  sustained,  without  \  ieldinir,  the  fatiirue 
olthe  journey.  Their  intense  distress  for  the  death  of 
the  ehiUl  and  ol  their  companions,  an\iet\  lor  those 
whom  they  liad  left  behind,  and  unceasin<^  terror  for 
themscKes  raised  these  unhajipN'  women  to  such  a  de- 
L;ree  ol  \iii;our,  that,  notwilhstandiny  their  fatiij;"ue. 
theii"  exposure  to  cold,  their  suHerance  of  huni^er,  and 
theii"  sK'epin«4-  on  clamp  ground  under  an  inclement  sk\ . 
the\"  hnished  an  expedition  of  about  one  himdred  and 
lilt\  miles,  without  losin*;'  their  spirits  or  injurin*,^  their 
health.  The  weekwam  to  which  thev  were  conducted 
and  which  be!oni;-ed  to  the  sa\  aLie  who  had  claimed 
them  as  his  property  was  inhabited  In  twel\  e  persons. 
In  the  month  of  April  this  famih-  set  out  with  their 
captives  for  an  Indian  settlement  still  more  remote,  and 
informed  them,  that,  when  thev  arri\ed  at  the  settle- 
ment, they  must  be  stripped,  scouro-ed.  and  run  the 
gauntlet,  naked  between  two  tiles  of  Indians,  contain- 
ing the  whole  number  tbund  in  the  settlement;  for 
such,  they  declared,  was  the  standing  custom  of  their 
nation.  This  information,  \()u  will  believe,  made  a 
deep  impression  on  the  minds  of  the  captive  women, 
and    led    them,  irresistibl}',   to    devise    all   the  possible 


IIISTOHIC    ir  W  KKIIir.L.  21 

means  of  cscaj)c.  (Jii  the  tliirt\-hrst  of  the  same 
month,  \  er\'  eai"l\  in  the  morning-,  Mrs.  Diiston,  wliile 
thr  Inchans  were  asleep.  ha\  in^  awaked  her  nurse  and 
a  lei  low-prisoner  (a  youtli  taken  some  time  betbre 
Iroin  W'oieester ),  disjiatehed.  witli  the  assistance  of 
her  eomi)anions,  ten  of  the  twelve  Indians.  The  other 
tw(j  escaped.  W^ith  the  scalps  ot  tliese  saxau^es  tlie\' 
returned  ihiou^ii  the  wilderness;  and,  ha\in<^  arrived 
sately  at  Ilaverhill,  and  afterwards  at  Boston,  received 
a  handsome  leward  lor  their  intrepid  conduct  from  the 
le^isJaUu'e."'  A  monument  on  the  common,  close  to 
the  site  ol  the  old  meeting-house,  commemorates  the 
event. 

Another  dav  whose  mournlul  cv  ent>  have  been  pre- 
served in  both  historv  and  tradition  was  the  twentv- 
ninth  ot  Au^"ust,  170S.  when  Ilavei'hill  was  attacked 
bv    a    band    ot     l*'i'ench     Indians,   i-ecruited    in    Canada. 

"At  break  ot  dav  thev  passed  tiie  Irontier  ^rarrisons 
undiscovered,  and  were  tirst  seen  near  the  pound, 
marching'  two  and  two.  bv  jolm  Kee/ar.  who  was  re- 
turning" Irom  Amesburv  .  lie  immediatelv  ran  into  the 
V  i]la«4-e  and  alarmed  the  inhabitants,  who  seem  to 
liave  slept  totallv  uuiiuarded,  bv  tiring-  his  gun  near  the 
meeting-house.  The  enemv  soon  appeared,  making 
the  air  ring  with  territic  veils,  with  a  sort  of  whistle, 
wliich,  savs  tradition,  could  be  heard  as  tar  as  a  horn, 
and  clothed  in  all  the  terrors  of  a  savage  war-dress. 
Thev  scattered  in  ev  cry  direction  over  the  village',  so 
that  thev  might  accompbsh  their  bloodv  work  with 
more  despatch.  The  tirst  person  thev  saw  w^as  a  Mrs. 
Smith,   whom    thev    shot   as    she   was   tivino-   Irom   her 


22 


1 1  A\-  KR  HILL,    M  ASS  ACHUSET  rs. 


house  to  a  garrison.  The  tbrcmost  party  attacked  tlie 
house  of  Rev.  Benjamin  RoHe  (the  second  minister  of 
the  place),  which  was  then  o-arrisoned  with  three  sol- 
diers; and  he  and  a  part  of  his  helo\  ed  family  were 
siiddenlv  awakened  fi'om  their  slumbers  only  to  hear 
the  horritl  knell  for  their  departure.  Mr.  Rolfe  in- 
stanth  leaiH'd  from  his  bed,  placed  himselt"  a<;-ainst  the 
door,  which  the\'  were  endeavoring-  to  beat  in,  and 
calletl  on  the  soldiers  for  assistance;  but  these  cra\en- 
hearted  men  retused  to  give  it,  tor  they  were  palsied 
with  fear  and  walked  to  and  fro  throui^h  the  chambers, 
cr\in^-  and  swini^-in^-  their  arms.  Had  they  displaced 
but  h;df  the  ordinar\-  coura^-e  of  men,  no  doubt  they 
would  ha\e  successfully  defended  the  house.  But,  in- 
stead of  that,  they  did  not  tire  a  g-un  or  e^'en  lilt  a 
fino-er  tow^ards  its  defence.  The  enemy,  tinding  their 
entrance  strenuoush'  opposed,  tired  two  balls  through 
the  door,  one  ol  which  took  etl'ect  and  wounded  Mr. 
Rolte  in  the  elbow.  They  then  pressed  against  it  wnth 
their  united  strength,  and  ]Mr.  Rolte,  finding  it  impos- 
sible to  resist  them  anv  longer,  Bed  precipitatelv 
through  the  house  and  out  at  the  back  door.  The  In- 
dians  Ibllowed,  o\  ertook  him  at  the  w^ell  and  dis- 
patch him  with  their  tomahawks.  Thev  then  searched 
ever\'  part  ol  the  house  for  plunder,  and  also  for  other 
victims,  on  whom  thev  mio-ht  inflict  their  sa\'ao:e  cru- 
eltN".  l"he\'  soon  iound  Mrs.  Rolte  and  her  vouno-est 
child,  Mehitabel ;  and,  while  one  of  them  sunk  his 
hatchet  deep  in  her  head,  another  took  the  infant  from 
her  dying  grasp  and  dashed  its  head  against  a  stone 
near   the    door.       Two  of   Mr.   Rollers   children,   about 


HIS  roRic   n.wKKiiri.i.. 


23 


six  aiul  ciLi'hl  \  c;irs  of  u^l'.  were  pr()\iclcnti;ill\  sa\cd 
by  llu'  sagacity  and  courage  of  I  lagar,  a  ncjj^ro  sla\'C, 
who  was  an  inniate  of  the  lamih-.  Upon  the  first 
ahirni.  she  leaped  from  her  bed.  carried  tlieni  into  tlie 
cellar,  co\  ered  them  with  two  tubs,  and  then  con- 
cealed herself.  The  enemy  entered  the  cellar  and 
plundered  it  ol  e\er\  tiling-  \aluable.  'I'hev  repeatedly 
passed  the  tubs  that  co\  ered  the  two  children,  and 
e\en  trod  on  the  loot  of  one.  without  disco\erin<^ 
them.  Thex  drank  milk  from  the  pans,  then  dashed 
them  on  the  cellar  bottom,  and  took  meat  tVom  the 
bariel  behind  which  Ilai^-ar  was  concealed.'"  The 
three  soldiers  obtained  nothing-  b\  their  cowardice,  as 
the\'  plead  for  merc\'  in  \ain. 

While  these,  the  central  fiirures  o\  the  tra<cic  da\', 
were  thus  eni^aLicd,  the  remainder  of  the  attackin^i; 
part\'  had  been  tindiiiLi"  other  \  ictims,  amonn"  whom 
were  women  and  children,  the  captain  of  the  town 
militia,  and  the  fnst  selectman.  Between  thirty  and 
fort\  were  killed  or  taken  prisoners.  Several  dwellings 
were  burned,  and  an  attempt  made  to  destro\'  the 
meetin«i--house.  but  this  was  trustrated  bv  the  coolness 
of  one  man  who  raised  the  cry  that  help  was  at  hand. 
The  Indians  were  thus  panic-stricken  before  they  had 
done  what  mischief  thev  mi^-ht.  B\  this  time  a  force 
of  soldiers  and  of  the  townspeople  had  been  collected 
and  pursued  the  enemv,  who  had  let't  the  town  precipi- 
tately. The\-  came  up  with  them  two  miles  away  and 
attacked  them,  although  inferior  in  numbers;  and,  after 
a  skirmish  of  about  an  hour,  the  Indians  fled,  leaving 
nine  dead  and  carrying  ofl'  several  wounded.     Many  of 


24  Il.Wl'KIlILI.,     MASSACHUSETTS. 

the  prisoners  and  most  of  tlic  plunder  were  reeovered. 
Some  ot"  the  prisoners  were  barbarously  slain  to  pre- 
vent their  eseape.  The  inhabitants  were  left  to  the 
sorrowful  otfiee  of  burying-  their  dead.  The  day  was 
somewhat  advaneed  when  the  battle  was  over,  and,  it 
beino-  extremeh'  warm,  the  interment  was  neeessarily 
hurried.  Coffins  eould  not  be  made  for  all,  and  a 
laro-e  pit  was  dui;'  in  the  bur\in<;--iir()und,  in  whieh  sev- 
eral were  laid.  Some  of  those  who  fell  in  the  last  en- 
ii-aa'ement  were,  it  is  supposed,  buried  on  the  spot. 
This  was  the  last,  as  it  was  the  most  formidable,  at- 
taek  of  an\-  importance  made  by  the  Indians  upon  the 
town.  There  were  marauders  now  and  then,  and  oc- 
casional alarms,  but  the\'  o-rew  less  and  less  as  time 
wore  on. 

There  was  little  of  the  sens  ition  il  or  startling,  be- 
N'ond  the  constant  menace  of  the  Indians,  in  the  town's 
earl\-  davs.  The  few  first  settlers  multiplied  h\  nat- 
ural increase  and  hv  additions  from  without.  Thev 
robbed  the  primal  wilderness  ot  its  wooded  inter^'aIs 
and  turned  them  into  corn-tields.  Thev  ted  their  fam- 
ilies on  the  fish  —  salmon,  shad,  and  ale\\'i\es  —  with 
which  the  Merrimack  ( ri^'er  of  sturo-eons,  as  some 
have  translated  it)  ran  thick.  Thoug-h  the  men  from 
Newbur}-  who  broke  ground  in  ILnerhill  came  up  the 
ri\  er  in  1640.  it  was  not  until  1642  that  the\-  acquired  a 
title  to  the  land  they  tilled  h\  the  purchase  from  the 
Indians  alread\-  referred  to.  In  1643  the  first  town 
meeting  was  held,  and  then  was  the  first  reference  to 
the  disposition  of  the  territory  thus  acquired,  which 
ga\e  in    later   \ears   no   end  of  trouble,  and   was  a  vi^vv 


HISTORIC^   HA\i:R[mj,.  25 

important    and    practical     niattci"    in    the   alFairs    ol"   the 
town. 

'''riu"  thcor\'  of  ownership  and  distrilnition  ol"  hinds 
was  apparently  the  lollowini;-:  'I'he  townsmen  (jf  that 
time  had,  by  loresioht.  eneri^N ,  and  influence,  obtained 
lea\i-  ol  the  (leneral  Court  to  beiiin  a  plantation  in  a 
most  desirable  location.  Thex  had  taiflx'  purchased 
ot  the  Indians  a  \  er\  lar^e  tract  ol  territorv.  The\' 
held  it  lei^'alU'  and  equitabb',  subject  to  the  demands  ot' 
the  m'neial  li'ox  einment  lor  the  common  we;d,  and  the 
adjustment  ol  bomuls  between  tlu-m  and  theii"  neiii'h- 
bors  b\  c(unpetent  authoiitx.  It  was  their  propertx'. 
Tlu'y  w  ere  the  proprietors.  ThcN'  could  cb\  ide  it  at 
such  times  and  in  such  jirojiortions  as  the\'  saw  tit. 
Such  parts  ot' it  as  were  allotted  to  an\'  particular  one 
ol  them,  he  anil  his  heirs  and  assi^Mis  would  thereat'ter 
own  in  si'Nc'ialtN'.  In  other  words,  the  persons  then 
and  there  settled  were  •  \e  inhabitants  of  Pentuckett,' 
to  whom  the  Indians  had  sold.  'i'he\"  had  not  boiii^ht 
lor  the  bcnetit  ol  all  the  persons  who  miti;ht  flock  to 
Pentuckett  to  proflt  b\-  the  ad\anta<4-eous  o-rant  the\-  had 
obtained.  It  the\'  chose,  howe\  er,  the\'  could  admit 
any  person  to  their  association  and  a  participation  in  its 
pri\i]eges.  ^Vnd  it  must  be  said  that  the  logic  of  the 
early  settlers  seems  to  ha\"e  substantialh'  prevailed. 
There  came  a  time  when  their  heirs  and  assigns  as- 
sumed to  be  owners  of  all  the  lands  remaining  un- 
divided, and,  although  flercel}'  opposed,  maintained 
their  claim  with  ultimate  success.  They  held  '  pro- 
prietors" "  meetings,  had  their  clerk  and  moderator, 
kept  records,  made  grants,  carried  on  successful  litiga- 


26  IIAVERIIII.L,    MASSACIIUSETTJ?. 

tion,  and   had   their  own   way.     Then  the  organization 
quietly  died  out." 

■  As  time  wore  on  and  the  settlement  began  to  beai- 
less  the  look  of  a  "elearing"  and  more  that  of  a  vil- 
laii'e.  a  \ariet\"  oT  trades  and  manutaetures  sprang  up 
and  in  time  assumed  more  or  less  prominenee.  One 
of  the  earliest  to  be  established  and  one  of  the  last  to 
be  gi\en  up  was  that  of  tanning,  but  there  is  now  no 
leather  made  in  Haverhill,  although  the  Aats  of  the 
tanner  stood  open  over  two  hundred  years.  Other  in- 
dustries, now  lapsed  into  desuetude,  were  the  manu- 
faeture  of  potash,  of  salt,  of  saltpeter,  and  of  duek 
eloth,  brewing,  and  distilling.  Ship-building,  begun 
one  hundred  and  tifty  }-ears  ago,  was  also  earried  on 
with  vigor  and  to  an  extent  much  larger  than  might  be 
supposed,  reaching  its  period  of  greatest  prosperity"  at 
the  beginning  of  this  eentur\'.  At  that  time  there  were 
three  ship-\ards  in  the  central  village  and  another  at 
East  Haverhill.  The  vessels  were  ships,  brigs,  sloops, 
schooners,  and  there  have  have  been  three  launched  in 
a  day  at  the  village.  There  was  need  of  vessels.  At 
that  time  HaNcrhill  was  carrying  on  an  extensi\"e  com- 
merce, along  the  coast,  to  the  West  Indies,  and  to 
England,  ships  sailing  from  Haverhill  to  London  di- 
rect. The  town  exported  corn,  grain,  beef,  fish,  lum- 
ber, pearl-ashes,  linseed  oil,  etc.,  bringing  home  sugar 
and  molasses  from  the  West  Indies  and  goods  of  all 
kinds  from  the  mother  countr}-.  The  vessels,  if  not 
too  large,  came  up  the  ri^•er  and  discharged  at  Haver- 
hill; otherwise  they  were  unloaded  at  Newburxport, 
where  their  cargoes  were  transferred  to  scows  and  thus 


irisTORic   fi WERHii.r..  27 

br()iiL!,lit  up  stream.  After  a  while  the  earr\in<i-  trade 
fell  oil"  and  ship-lniildinn-  hino-uished,  eominj^-  \  irtualU 
to  an  end  in  iNjo.  Since  tlien,  in  icSj^.two  \esscls 
haxebeen  launched  at  I  laxerhill,  but  no  others  ha\e 
been  built  here,  and  there  is  no  prospect  of  an\'  I'arther 
employment  loi"  the  shijiwriu^ht's  ad/e  or  the  calker's 
hammer.  The  first  distillery  was  built  when  the  town 
was  neail\  a  hunch'cd  wars  old,  and  it  was  about  a 
hundred  years  later,  when  the  last  of  the  se\eral  that 
had  been  in  actixe  operation  was  bought  b\"  a  promi- 
nent ad\  ocate  ol  total  abstinence  and  the  tires  put  out 
the  same  ni^-ht. 

The  manut'acture  ol  hats  has  been  and  is  extensive- 
1\  carried  on  in  Haverhill.  I^ei^am  at  least  a  quarter  of 
a  centuiN  belori'  the  Rexolution.  it  has  been  main- 
tained e\er  since.  The  shops  are  now  reduced  in 
number,  thou^'h  the  output  is  not  lessened,  to  two  or 
three  laroe  establishments,  where  hats  are  made  onh' 
of  wool  and  by  the  factorx'  sxstem.  In  the  earl\-  part 
ol  the  C(.'ntu?"\',  howex  er.  when  the  business  had  i;'ot 
well  under  wax.  there  were  manx'  shops,  scattered  in 
X  arious  parts  of  the  town.  Ilats  were  then  made  of 
the  tur  ol  the  beaxer.  raccoon,  and  muskrat:  of  cotton, 
with  pasteboard  bodies;  of  silk  and  "•napped"  fur  as 
xxell  as  ol  xx-ool.  In  connection  with  the  manufacture  of 
these  i^oods.  it  is  worth  while  to  recall  the  primitive 
manner  in  xvhich  they  were  g'ot  to  market.  They  were 
carried  on  horseback  for  man\-  years,  and,  later,  wdien 
wheels  were  heard  of  in  the  town,  were  transported  by 
this  means,  suspended  in  boxes  from  the  axles.  x\s 
late  as  1804  there  were  but  two  horse-carts  in  town. 


28  HAVERIin>T>,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

The  most  important  and  valuable  of  ITaverhiir.s  in- 
dustries is,  as  all  the  world  knows,  the  making  ot 
shoes,  wliieh  had  its  origin  and  growth  here  without 
anv  set  purpose,  but  by  the  aeeident  of  fate  or  by  a 
species  of  natural  selection.  Cities  have  risen  from 
the  sand  because  of'  their  proximity  to  abundant  water- 
power;  the  purity  of  water,  the  proximity  of  fuel, 
the  neighborhood  of  the  se  i,  have  determined  the  lo- 
cation of  enterprises;  this  thing  or  that  is  manufact- 
ured where  material  is  plenty,  labor  easily  obtainable, 
or  freights  cheap;  but  Haverhill  has  become  the  manu- 
facturer of  an  immense  number  of  shoes,  at  times  the 
largest  manufacturer  of  the  world,  without  peculiar 
cause.  Like  Topsy,  it  ''  grew  so,"  It  is  on  record 
that  the  shoemaker  met  with  no  ver}-  warm  reception 
upon  his  first  appearance  in  Pentucket  and  that  those 
of  the  craft  who  applied  for  citizenship  were  at  times 
refused.  But,  as  has  been  pointed  out,  it  is  probable 
that  it  was  not  the  shoemaker  as  such  who  was  re- 
fused, but  the  class  of  which,  unfortunately,  the  early 
shoemaker  was  a  type,  —  a  wanderer  from  place  to 
place  and  with  a  wanderer's  tastes  and  habits.  The 
cobbler  was,  nevertheless,  an  evident  necessity,  and 
cobblers  and  shoemakers  became,  in  the  natural  course 
of  events,  citizens  and  residents  of  Haverhill.  There 
was  nothing,  however,  in  this  result  that  suggested  the 
promise  or  potency  of  the  prodigious  development  of 
later  days. 

From  the  earliest  times  until  about  the  beginning 
of  this  century,  shoemaking  in  Haverhill  was  confined 
almost    entireh'    to    supplying    the   wants   of  the   com- 


[fiSTORTC    ir.WERrilLL. 


29 


niiiiiitN'  itscir.  Shoes  were  not  madr  up  in  quantities 
and  kc'pl  on  hand  lor  sale,  like  most  kinds  of 
goods  at  the  pi\'senl  da\  ;  much  less  were  thc\'  manu- 
factured foi"  loreinn  c(jnsumption.  The  time  is  almost 
within  the  memorx  of  persons  now  li\  ing,  when  it  was 
the  common  custom,  outside  of  the  villages,  for  shoe- 
makei's  to  '*  whip  the  stump,"  i.  e.,  go  from  house  to 
house,  stopping  at  each  long  enough  to  make  up  a 
^'car's  supph"  for  the  lamih  .  l""armers  usualh'  kept  a 
supph'  of  leather  on  hand  lor  lamiK'  use,  and  in  man\ 
cases  the\'  were  theii^  own  cobblers.  A  few  \ears  ago 
a  \  er\  rich  farmer  died  at  a  great  age  in  another  town 
of  the  state  who  had  ne\er  worn  shoes  not  oi  his  own 
making.  A  farmer  was  sometimes,  being  perhaps 
londer  ot  tools  or  handie'r  with  them,  the  shoemaker  for 
the  whole  neighborhood,  and  worked  at  making  or 
mending  shoes  on  rain\  da\"s  and  during  the  winter 
season. 

In  \illages.  the  "  \  illage  cobbler,"  or  shoemaker, 
gradualK  (.-ame  to  keep  a  little  stock  of  leather  on 
hand,  and  to  exchange  shoes  with  the  iarmers,  tanners, 
traders,  and  others,  lor  produce,  leather,  foreign  goods, 
etc.  There  are  said  to  ha^■e  been  but  two  shoemakers 
in  Haverhill  as  late  as  1794.  In  course  of  time,  the 
storekeepers,  then  carr\"ing  on  a  \er\"  large  commerce 
with  a  wide  region  round  about,  began  to  keep  a  lew 
shoes  on  hand  for  sale.  This  was  a  natural  outgrowth 
of  the  barter  s\stem  of  trade,  then  the  chief  method 
of  dealing.  The  owners  of  the  great  **  country  stores" 
bartered  with  the  shoemakers  for  their  shoes,  bartered 
the   shoes    with    the  back  country  farmers  for  produce, 


30  HAVERHILL,  MASSACHUSETTS. 

and  then  bartcrcti  the  produce  tor  P^no-lish  and  West 
India  o-oods.  So,  in  1705.  it  came  about  that  one  of 
the  merchants  of  the  phice  advertised,  that  he  had 
"  se\  ei-al  thousand "  fresh  and  dry  hides  which  he 
would  exchan^'e  for  shoes,  o-i\'in^  credit  lor  the  hides 
until  the  shoes  could  be  made  out  of  them.  And,  in 
course  of  time,  the  mercliants,  seeing-  the  possibility  of 
gain,  became  themsehes  the  makers  of  shoes  as  well 
as  the  sellers.  The  country  market  soon  proved  too 
limited,  nor  was  there  demand  enough  in  Boston  and 
the  lesser  places  on  the  coast,  and,  so,  during  the  war 
of  181 2,  one  of  the  more  enterprising  manufacturers 
sent  a  wagon-load  of  shoes  to  Philadelphia,  from 
which  he  is  said  to  have  obtained  a  handsome  profit. 
Later,  goods  were  sent  even  farther  south.  And  so 
Haverhill  lell  into  the  way  of  making  shoes,  and  a 
erood  manv  of  them,  which  demanded  and  obtained  a 
wide  and  distant  market.  The  two-horse  "  baggage- 
wagon,"  of  the  earlv  "•freighter'"'  Slocomb,  making 
regular  trips  between  Haverhill  and  Boston  since  1818, 
failed  to  supply  the  demands  of  an  increasing  traffic; 
and  he  was  obliged  to  increase  his  facilities  until  in 
1836  he  employed  fort}'  horses  and  eight  oxen,  and  his 
large  covered  wagons  were  said,  with  perhaps  a  trifle 
of  imagination,  to  have  almost  literally  lined  the  thirty 
miles  of  road.  The  main  highway  in  manv  of  the 
towns  intervening  between  Boston  and  Haverhill  still 
bears  the  name  of  Haverhill  Street,  unconsciously  pre- 
serving the  traditions  of  the  days  when  the  drivers  of 
the  shoe  teams  were  the  most  frequent  travelers  and 
roads  pointed  one   way  to   Boston  and  the  other  to  Ha- 


itrs'TORrc  It AVRRirrr.L.  ^i 

vL'ihill.  In  i<S37  there  were  fortx-two  slioc  manufact- 
urers and  lourtccn  tanncis  and  leather  dealers  in  town, 
hut  tlie  Hnancial  panic  of  that  }ear  dealt  a  hard  hlow  to 
the  shoe  industrs',  from  which  it  did  not  recover  until 
tlu-  discovery  of  California  yold  lent  a  new  impetus  to 
trade.  In  i860  the  numher  of  shoe  factories  had  in- 
.creased  to  one  hundred,  and  from  that  time  on  the 
growth  ol  the  town's  chief  interest  has  been  reasonabh" 
uniform  and  steady,  outside  of  the  inevitable  misfor- 
tunes entailed  b\-  the  war  of  1S61,  One  of  the  oddest 
fashions  of  the  c-arlici"  manutacturc  was  the  disregai'd  ot 
method  in  packing,  shoes  being  packed  and  shipped 
for  some  \  ears  without  an\'  attention  to  the  sixes  or  the 
number  in  a  case. 

IIa\erhill  was  so  related  geographicalK'  to  towns 
near  and  distant,  being  in  its  early  days,  when  Law- 
rence was  not  dreamed  ol,  the  onl\  inland  town  ot 
account  upon  the  ri\er  from  Xewburyport  to  Lowell, 
and  atiording,  at  first  by  a  well-known  ferry  (by  which 
Washington  crossed  in  his  journey  through  Essex  alter 
the  Re\"olution)  and  later  b\  a  famous  bridge,  con- 
\  enient  passage  across  the  Merrimack,  that  all  the  tide 
of  travel  from  "  abo\e  "  poured  through  it  and  into  it, 
and  its  "  general  stores  ''  were  remarkable  for  their  size, 
and  the  multilarious  nature  of  their  contents.  Several 
lines  of  stage-coaches  ran  to  Boston,  while  others  made 
regular  trips  to  Salem,  Lowell,  Newburyport,  Exeter, 
Dover,  and  Concord,  N.  H.  It  was  in  those  days,  too, 
that  the  inns  and  taverns  of  the  towns  at  which  the 
coaches  stopped  earned  a  just  prominence  and  reputa- 
tion,  the    Eagle    House    of   Haverhill    being   a    typical 


32  HAVERIilLL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

example.  The  same  house  still  stands,  devoted  to  the 
same  purposes,  though  the  changino-  times  have  robbed 
it  of  its  former  prestige.  Afterwards,  when  other 
towns  had  a'rown  and  other  bridges  had  been  built, 
Haverhill  vet  retained  its  prominence  as  a  trading- 
center,  since  the  growth  of  the  shoe  manufacturing 
industr\-  made  it  the  focus  to  which  converged  the  lines 
of  tra\e]  from  many  points  of  the  compass  and  from 
great  distances.  The  same  intiuences  made  it  at  once 
the  market  for  the  produce  of  the  farms,  the  point 
where  their  finished  shoes  found  sale,  and  the  empo- 
rium where  di^•erse  needs  could  be  supplied.  Partly 
from  the  force  of  habits  once  formed,  partly  on  account 
of  the  relations  between  shoemaking  and  the  inhabi- 
tants of  the  country  towns,  and  partly  from  the  abund- 
ant opportunities  its  well-filled  stores  afford  to  all  sorts 
of  seekers  after  all  sorts  of  wares,  Haverhill  still  retains 
its  position  as  the  center  of  a  circle  whither  streams  of 
trade  tend  like  its  radii.  The  times,  under  the  influ- 
ence of  railway  communication,  have  greatly  changed 
since  the  main  street  of  the  village  used  to  be  so 
crowded  with  teams  as  to  be  almost  impassable,  the 
owners  having  come  in  to  deal  at  "  the  store,''  but,  in 
spite  of  railway  and  steamboat,  express  and  postal  ser- 
vice, the  same  tendency  holds,  and  for  miles  back  into 
the  country,  in  Essex  County  and  in  lower  New 
Hampshire,  the  dweller  on  farm  or  in  village  turns  his 
steps  to  Haverhill  when  in  need  of  whatever  his  farm 
or  village  fails  to  supply.  While,  therefore,  for  such 
reasons  Ha\erhill  invites  to  itself  these  customers,  the 
fact  of  their  coming  reacts  on  the  citv  itself,  and  neces- 


iiiSToruc   II  \\  IK  III  1. 1..  33 

sit\,  il'  luHhin;^"  else,  c()ni]')els  its  merchants,  it  they 
would  retain  this  enormous  tiade,  to  the  j")OSsession  ol 
spacious  and  well-Ht  stores,  enoLi^^h  and  courteous 
clerks,  an  abundant  assortment  ol"  wares  at  reasonable 
prices.  These  iia\erhill  has;  and,  theretbre,  it  is  not 
aloiu-  oiu-  ol  the  iainest  manulacturers  ol  shoes  in  the 
uoild.  but  thi'  soui'ce  and  center  ol  a  \  ast  and  increas- 
ing- domestic  commerce,  to  the  adxantatie  both  ol' buyer 
and  seller  and  with  the  residt  of  \astly  increasing  the 
tliameter  and  circumterence  of  the  actual  Ilaxerhill. 

llaxcrhill  has  iie\  er  lacked  lor  patriotic  sjiirit  when 
the  occasion  recpiiied.  Tlie  town  records  bear  witness 
to  the  lo\alt\  to  the  cause,  the  willinnness  to  spend, 
the  readiness  to  do.  that  ajiparentU'  came  hv  just 
inheritance  from  the  Indian-linhtinn'  loretatheis.  In  all 
the  proceeilinLis  ol  the  colonies  just  [irecedent  to  the 
trreat  struiiirle  with  the  mother  countr\  lla\erhill  had 
its  part.  When  the  oppiessi\e  measures  ol  taxation 
were  oixlered  b\  the  Kin^-.  Ilaxerhill  held  town  meet- 
ino-s  to  deal  with  the  matter:  when  the  unjust  proceed- 
ings were  jH'rsisted  in  b\'  Cireat  Hritian.  Ilaxerhill 
joinetl  with  other  tow  ns  ol  spirit  in  "  bo\cottin<i'**  loreii^n 
L:,()ods;  and.  when  the  Continental  Congress  was 
weighinL;,-  the  question  ol  hnalh'  dissohing-  allegiance  to 
the  mother  countrw  the  men  ol  Ha\erhill,  like  those  ol 
all  other  New  England  towns  with  rare  exceptions, 
pledged  themselves  "  with  their  li\  es  and  tbrtunes  to 
suppo7"t  them  in  the  measure."  The  news  ot"  the  battle 
ot'  Lexington  reached  Haverhill  at  noon  of  the  day  it 
was  tbught,  and  belbre  night  one  hundred  and  ti\'e 
Haverhill    men    (almost  one-half   of   the   entire   militia 


34 


HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 


force  of  the  town)  were  "  gone  to  y'^  army."  In  the 
battle  of  Bunker  Hill  fought  seventy-four  men  from 
Haverhill,  about  one  in  twenty  of  the  entire  command, 
of  whom  two  were  killed.  And  the  same  spirit  of 
devotion  to  the  cause  vv^as  displayed  all  through  the 
seven  years'  war.  "•  There  was  no  evidence  of  grum- 
bling or  despondency,"  remarks  a  recent  writer,  ''  and 
the  demands  were  very  great;  scarcely  was  one 
quota  tilled,  when  another  was  called  for.  There  were 
so  many  emergencies  that  life  must  have  seemed  full 
of  them  and  to  contain  nothing  else."  In  one  year  the 
expenses  of  the  town  for  soldiers  were  over  titty 
thousand  dollars.  Every  soldier  required  by  the  con- 
stant drafts  was  furnished  up  to  the  close  of  the  war 
with  the    exception  of  a  single  man. 

The  war  of  1812  afforded  renewed  opportunities  lor 
the  exhibition  of  the  same  patriotic  spirit.  Though 
many  of  the  citizens  condemned  this  second  war  with 
Enofland  as  uncalled  for  and  ill  advised,  and,  though 
towns  all  about  it  had  passed  and  were  passing  resolu- 
tions of  censure  and  disapproval,  yet  no  sooner  had  a 
call  been  made  for  soldiers,  than  the  town  met  at  a  short 
twenty-lour  hours"  notice  and  generously  voted,  in  sub- 
stance, that  no  man's  poverty  should  bar  his  patriotism. 
A  larsfe  number  of  Haverhill  men  enlisted.  Neverthe- 
less,  the  news  of  peace  was  very  gratelul ;  and  the  ces- 
sation of  hostilities  was  celebrated  by  a  day  of  general 
rejoicing,  with  the  ringing  of  bells,  tiring  of  cannon, 
illumination  of  houses,  and  religious  services. 

Another  consecration  of  money  and  of  life  to  the 
service  of  the   country   was   made   during  the   late  civil 


IIIS'|-OKIC     ir.W  I.KHII.L.  35 

\\  ;u'.  l\\c  scenes  that  bctcjic  mam  niDiitlis  ol  the 
stru<4Hk'  had  passed  heeanie  so  laniiliar  in  all  tlie 
nortliern  towns  were  early  enacted  in  IIa\erliill.  The 
ycnith  \ oluntcerint^  for  enlistment,  tiie  muster  on  the 
\  illa^e  i^recn,  the  esc(jrt  ol  admirini;  Iriends  and  neigh- 
bors, the  hitter  lea\  e-takinij  at  last, —  lla\erhill  was 
amoii^  the  first  to  witness  tiiese.  On  the  twent\ -fourth 
of  the  Januaiy  j^rexious  U)  the  war  the  local  militia 
company  had  held  a  meetiuLf  and  its  members  had 
pledi^a-d  each  othei-  to  be  in  readiness  for  immediate 
departure  should  the  occasion  arise,  and  so,  on  the  da\' 
wiicn  the  attack  was  made  on  the  Massachusetts  Sixth 
in  Baltimoie.  the\  started  loi"  Washini^^ton  on  receipt  of 
the  news.  Onh"  three  da\  s  later  a  soldiers'  relief 
society  was  formed,  which  did  much  work  and 
immeasurable  ^ood  in  the  succeeding'  four  vears, 
Ilaxerhill  sent  to  the  war  about  thirteen  hundred  men. 
ei^hty-ti\e  more  than  were  claimed  ol"  it.  Of  these, 
seventv-three  were  mustered  out  as  commissioned 
otllcers,  ol  whoiu  six  were  field  officers,  —  three  col- 
onels, one  lieutenant-colonel,  and  two  majors.  The 
town  raisetl  and  expended  o\  er  a  hundred  thousand 
dollars  fo]-  the  support  of  the  war.  exclusi\e  of  state 
aid,  and  spent  an  equal  sum  for  the  latter  purpose, 
which  was  afterwards  refunded  bv  the  state.  I^ven  in 
the  closing'  months  ot  the  struggle  the  town  authorized 
continued  enlistments  to  anticipate  a  possible  call  by 
the  President.  During  the  war  excitement  ran  high  in 
Haverhill,  and  there  were  some  turbulent  scenes, 
during  which  the  symj^jathizers  with  the  South  were 
rather  roughly  handled,  one  being  ridden  on  a  rail  and 
coxered  with  tar  and  feathers. 


SOLDIERS      MONUMENT. 


IIISTOJ^IC    HAVER  HILL.  37 

The  town  tcslilicd  its  appreciation  ol  its  citi/e-ns 
who  Irll  in  the  coiintn's  ser\  ice  by  erecting  a  beauti- 
tul  monument  in  their  honor  in  one  of  the  pubHc 
squares,  to  whicli  it  has  u^iven  a  name.  It  is  twenty- 
six  feet  in  height,  with  a  base,  a  plinth  with  buttresses 
surmounted  b\-  inverted  cannon,  and  a  second  die,  this 
beint;-  overtopped  by  a  statue  ei<(ht  feet  f(nu"  inches 
hi<ih,  representini^-  a  volunteer  soldier,  with  musket  at 
parade  rest.  The  base  is  of  Rockport  granite  and  the 
rest  of  Italian  marble,  and  the  whole  is  enclosed  by  an 
iron  fence.  Chiseled  upon  the  tablets  are  the  names  of 
those  who  fell  in  the  conHict,  accompanied  by  the  fol- 
lowing inscription:  "In  grateful  tribute  to  the  memory 
of  those  who,  on  land  and  on  the  sea,  died  that  the  Re- 
public might  li\e,  this  monument  is  erected  by  the  citi- 
zens ol"  Haverhill,  A.  I).  1869." 

Haverhill  has  had  more  than  one  opportunity  to 
prove  itself  superior  to  severe  calamity  in  the  shape  of 
fire.  In  1775,  just  at  the  outbreak  of  hostilities  be- 
tween the  Colonies  and  Great  Britain,  a  fire  occurred, 
which,  spoken  of  bv  them  as  the  "  late  dreadful  fire  in 
this  town,"'  was  enough,  with  other  causes,  to  detain  at 
home  the  Haverhill  delegates  to  the  Provincial  Con- 
gress. It  destroyed  seventeen  buildings,  covering  the 
whole  side  of  one  of  the  main  streets,  and  would  doubt- 
less rank,  in  point  of  proportionate  importance,  with 
some  of  the  later  fires,  such  as,  for  example,  one  that 
occurred  in  1873,  which  "burned  out"  thirty-five  busi- 
ness firms,  caused  the  loss  of  two  lives  and  destruction 
of  one  hundred  and  fiftv  thousand  dollars"  worth  of 
property,  and  which  was  only  extinguished  by  aid  from 


^8  IIAVKRIITT.L,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

abroad.  This  was  looked  upon  at  the  time  as  the 
worst  fire  in  Haverhill's  history,  but  it  was  dwarfed  into 
insii^nifieanee  by  the  "great  fire"  of  the  spring  of  1882, 
and  which  is  noteworthy,  not  alone  or  chiefl}-  for  the 
suddenness  of  the  calamity  or  the  magnitude  of  the 
loss  or  the  completeness  of  the  disaster,  sudden  and 
srreat  and  complete  as  these  undoubtedly  were,  but 
rather  for  the  abounding  energy,  determination,  and 
speed  with  which  the  even  then  smoking  ruins  were  re- 
moved, and  replaced  by  structures  far  better  than  the 
original. 

At  twentv  minutes  before  twelve  o'clock  on  the 
night  of  Friday,  Feb.  17,  a  fire  w^as  discovered  in  a 
wooden  block  among  the  shoe  manufactories,  which,  it 
is  agreed,  a  few  pailfuls  of  w^ater  could  at  first  have  put 
out,  but  which  spread  with  such  amazing  and,  as  it 
were,  virulent  rapidity,  that  the  fire  department,  though 
promptly  on  the  spot  and  working  with  the  intensest 
energy,  soon  recognized  its  pow^erlessness  to  cope  with 
the  flames.  Telegrams  w^ere  sent  to  other  cities,  near 
and  remote,  for  help,  and  \ery  opportune  and  \  aluable 
aid  was  rendered  by  the  departments  of  Newburyport 
and  Lawrence.  Had  it  not  been  for  this,  it  is  probable, 
that  the  fire,  which,  as  it  was,  was  confined  chiefly  to 
the  shoe  manufactories,  would  have  spread  to  the  re- 
tail stores  and  the  dwelling-houses  of  the  cit}-,  and,  in 
fact,  that  its  ultimate  limit  w^ould  have  been  a  mere 
matter  of  chance.  As  it  was,  however,  it  w^as  only 
with  the  utmost  difficulty  that  help  was  obtained.  The 
telegram  sent  to  Boston  was  not  deli\"ered.  The 
steamer  was  got  Irom   Lawrence  only  by  the  exertions 


HisTojuc  jf A\'i:Riin.L.  39 

of  the  general  ticket  a^ent  ot  the  railwa\",  who  broke 
()))en  the  railway  telegraph  office  at  Ilaxcrhill  and 
1  hence  sent  the  necessary  orders  to  the  eniplo\'cs  of 
the  railway  at  Lawrence.  At  Newburyport,  the  plat- 
form cars  were  frozen  on  the  track,  and  it  was  with 
oreat  diHicuIty  that  the  steamer  vv^as  finally  f^ot  under 
way.  It  was  only  with  the  severest  and  most  painful 
etlbrts  that  the  tire  was  at  length  controlled.  It  was 
bitter  winter  weather,  and  there  were  those  amon*^  the 
most  exposed  of  the  firemen  who  la}'  in  w^ater  several 
inches  deep,  their  clothes  frozen  so  stiti'  that  they  were 
unable  to  mo\e  except  as  rolled  o\  er  b\'  their  compan- 
ions, in  order  to  direct  a  stream  upt)n  an  important  point. 
It  is  worth  while  to  sa}'  here,  that  it  was  this  fire  that 
called  attention  to  the  need  of  an  increased  water  sup- 
]-)ly  in  case  of  tire.  Had  the  present  abundant  hio-h- 
pressure  service  then  existed,  it  is  sate  to  say  that  "the 
Haverhill  fire"   would  not  have  been. 

The  sun  of  Saturday  morning-  shown  upon  the 
ruins  of  two  million  dollars'  worth  of  property,  includ- 
ino-  one  savings  and  two  national  banks.  About  three 
hundred  firms  and  indix  idurds,  enga<i;ed  in  various  sorts 
of  business  but  chiefly  shoe  manufacturing  and  collat- 
eral branches,  were  ""burned  out.''  One  man  was 
killed  during  the  fire,  and  another  severely  injured. 
Live  cinders  were  blown  four  miles  oti';  the  light  of 
the  tire  was  seen  in  Boston,  thirtv  miles  distant;  and 
the  sky  all  around  was  so  brilliantly  illumined  by  the 
fire  that  a  newspaper  was  read  h\  its  light  at  George- 
town, six  miles  awav.  The  tire  not  only  destroyed 
nearlv  every  tactorv   in  the    "shoe    district"    and  thus 


40  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

threatened  to  blot  out  the  chief  industry  of  the  city,  but 
it  burned  as  well  the  machinery,  lasts,  dies,  patterns, 
samples,  and  trimmings  that  were  in  readiness  for  the 
large  orders  for  which  customers  were  already  waiting. 
In  the  face  of  the  emergency,  however,  the  chief  losers 
rose  to  the  occasion,  and,  though  great  inducements 
were  held  out  to  them  by  other  towns  and  cities  to 
locate  elsewhere,  not  one  of  them  did  so.  One  or  two 
left  the  cit}',  but  only  for  a  short  time. 

The  tirst  news  the  owner  of  the  only  building 
spared  bv  the  flames  (then  absent  in  Washington)  had 
of  the  occurrence  of  the  tire  was  contained  in  half  a 
dozen  telegframs  sent  bv  men  who  wanted  to  rent  his 
unoccupied  space  and  sent  before  their  own  walls  had 
fallen  in.  At  four  o'clock  on  Saturday  morning,  while 
the  fire  was  still  burning,  the  president  of  the  First 
National  Bank  called  a  meeting  of  the  directors,  which 
was  held  at  nine  o'clock,  when  it  was  voted  to  rebuild 
at  once,  a  committee  was  appointed,  and  the  plans  were 
well  under  way  before  night.  By  the  next  Monday 
nearly  one  half  of  the  burned-out  tirms  had  secured 
places  and  were  employed  in  taking  orders  and  pre- 
paring for  the  renewal  of  business,  scattered  in  various 
parts  of  the  city,  in  attics,  barns,  sheds,  dwelling-houses, 
and  abandoned  buildings.  B}^  the  same  Monday  night 
one  prominent  leather  house  had  sold  thirteen  thousand 
dollars'  worth  of  leather  tor  immediate  use  bv  manu- 
facturers of  the  burned  district.  The  later  region 
presented  a  picturesque  appearance,  its  ragged  heaps  of 
bricks  and  stone  dotted  with  signs  announcing  removals 
to  more  convenient  quarters.     In  three  days  one  half  of 


HISTORIC    IIAV^ERIIILL.  4  I 

the  Hrms  had  started  their  maehiner\-.  The  workmen 
had  been  ahx-ady  paid  off;  in  a  week  the  tire  was  a 
thini;-  ol  the  past,  and  in  a  niontii  e\er\bod\'  was  settled 
and  looking-  forward  only  to  the  time  when  the  work  ol" 
rebuildin*^-  should  be  fmished.  On  the  Tuesday  after 
the  lire  two  eases  ol  shoes  were  ship]:)cd  b\'  one  of  the 
burned-out  hrms;  and  on  Thursdaw  while  the  fire  was 
still  smokini!-,  the  lirst  briek  was  laid  for  a  new  buildint>' 
in  the  buined  district,  where  thirteen  millions  were  to 
be  used  before  the  mason  laid  aside  his  trowel.  In  eiirht 
days  a  wooden  buildinij:  had  been  put  up,  and  its  upper 
stor\'  i>()t  in  readiness  for  the  shoe-stitehinof  firm  that 
had  leased  it. 

The  ()perati\es  lost,  of  course,  all  their  tools;  and 
destitution  and  surterin^-  would  ha\  e  been  prexalent  but 
for  the  immediate  formation  of  a  relief  committee, 
which  distributed  the  funds  raised  by  the  citizens  and 
the  \er\  handsome  s^'ilts  recei\ed  trom  abroad, —  from 
forniei-  residents  of  the  city,  includinii-  the  poet  Whit- 
tier,  and  from  the  lar«i-e  customers  of  the  burned-out 
tirms.  It  should  be  stated  that  a  large  proportion  of 
the  contributed  funds  found  no  use  and  was  returned  to 
the  donors.  The  tire  was,  in  the  nature  of  thin^-s,  a 
terrible  shock  to  the  community;  and  it  was  naturally- 
feared  that  it  was  a  shock  from  which  the  city  would 
not  recover  and  that  it  would  cause  a  permanent 
paralysis  of  the  industry  to  which  it  owed  its  growth 
and  prosperity-  and  in  which  all  its  hope  for  the  luture 
rested.  But  the  ver}-.  greatness  of  the  shock  seemed  to 
produce  an  intense  reaction,  and  the  prevailing  expres- 
sion   was    one    of  hope    and    buoyanc}'.     To    quote    a 


42  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

recent  writer,  "  Business  soon  became  active  again,  and 
the  object  of  the  sufferers  was  to  resume  operations  in 
the  old  locaHties  as  soon  as  possible.  This  was  largely 
accomplished  betore  the  hrst  anni\-ersary  of  the  tire, 
and  in  a  most  satisfactory  manner.  Beautiful  and  sub- 
stantial buildings  had  been  erected  in  place  of  those 
destro}^ed,  and  the  anniversar}'  of  the  outbreak  was 
celebrated  bv  a  spirited  banquet.  Through  the  exhibi- 
tion of  pluck  and  energy  made  by  the  sufferers, 
the}'  won  the  S3'mpathy  of  the  entire  business  com- 
munity of  the  country.  The  hre,  distressing  as  it 
seemed,  is  generally  admitted  to  have  been  a  blessing 
in  disguise." 

There  have  been  occasional  tires  since,  some  of 
which  threatened  great  destruction,  and  two  of  which 
compelled  aid  to  be  sought  from  other  cities.  Not  the 
least  serious  was  the  one  that  destroyed  the  city  hall  a 
little  before  noon  on  Tuesda}-,  Nov.  6,  1888,  causing  a 
loss  of  about  forty  thousand  dollars.  The  tire  caught  in 
the  attic  from  an  unknown  cause,  and  burned  with  such 
remarkable  intensit}'  and  rapidit}'  that  no  efforts  of  the 
iire  department  availed  to  check  it,  and  it  continued  un- 
til the  roof  liad  fallen  in,  with  the  clock-tower  and  bell, 
the  whole  interior  of  the  building  destroyed,  and  only 
the  blackened  walls  left  standing.  During  the  fire  a 
number  of  sparks  were  carried,  by  the  strong  southwest 
wind  that  was  blowing,  upon  the  roofs  of  buildings  on 
the  eastern  side  of  Main  Street,  some  of  which  suffered 
damage.  The  Center  church  sustained  the  severest 
loss.  A  disastrous  conflagration  was  at  one  time 
threatened    but    was    averted.       The     city     hall    was 


CITY    HALL,    BURNED    NOV.    6,     1 888. 


44  HAVER HILI>,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

erected  in  1861  on  the  site  of  the  old  Town  hall  which 
it  replaced.  It  was  a  massive  three-story  structure  of 
brick  ornamented  witii  iVeestone,  one  hundred  and  fif- 
teen feet  lono-,  sixt\"-se^■en  and  a  half  feet  wide,  with  a 
clock-tower  on  the  front  eighteen  feet  square.  The 
work  of  restoration  was  not  long  dehued,  and  from  the 
ruins  has  already  arisen  a  new  structure,  with  a  better 
tower,  a  larger  and  hner  bell,  and  an  illuminated  clock, 
and  which  bids  fair  to  excel  the  one  destroyed. 


Wl  rPHN  AN13  WlXHOIJT. 


Haverhill's  situation  and  natural  achantages  liaxc 
been  remarked  upon  from  the  earliest  times,  and  have 
ampl}-  eertified  to  the  aeumen  of  Ward  and  his  assoei- 
ates  of  1640  when  they  ehose  this  spot  for  their  planta- 
tion. In  the  first  plaee,  the  ri\  er  that  edii^es  it  is  one  of 
the  most  noteworth}'  of  ancient  or  modern  passage- 
ways to  the  sea.  It  turns  more  spindles  than  any  other 
river,  being  the  most  noted  water-power  stream  in  the 
world,  seventy-eight  thousand  six  hundred  horse 
powers  being  utilized  in  1880  on  the  Merrimack  and  its 
tributaries,  probably  a  greater  extent  of  occupied 
water-power  privilege  than  on  an\-  other  drainage  basin 
of  the  same  size  in  America.  The  total  fall  of  the  river 
is  not  great,  but  it  is  concentrated  at  a  tew  places,  thus 
occasioning  its  wonderful  adaptedness  to  be  utilized  as 
motive  power.  Having  its  source  up  in  the  impenetra- 
ble fastnesses  of  the  White  Mountain  wilderness,  fed  b^■ 
the  inexhaustible  outpour  of  the  beautiful  Lake  Winni- 
pesaukee,    it    sweeps    b}-    the     mills    of    Manchester, 


46  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

Nashua,  Lowell,  and  Lawrence,  until  at  Haverhill, 
sixteen  miles  from  its  mouth,  it  beij^ins  to  smack  of  the 
sea,  since  here  is  the  head  ot'  na\i^-ation  and  here  the 
tide  rises  and  lalls. 

IIa\erhill  lies  on  the  northern  edge  of  Essex  County 
(itself  the  northeastern  corner  of  Massachusetts),  on 
the  northern  bank  of  the  ^LM-rimack  Ri\  er,  and  is  one 
of  the  chief  stations  on  the  Boston  and  Maine  railway. 
It  is  thirt\-  miles  from  Boston  on  the  highway  and 
thirt\-three  hv  rail,  while  it  is  eight}--thrce  miles  from 
Portland.  Mc,  the  eastern  terminus  of  the  main  line  ol 
the  railwax',  and  ten  miles  less  as  one  drives  over  the 
road.  It  is  nine  miles  distant  tVom  Lawrence,  tburteen 
tVom  Newburvport,  eighteen  iVom  Lowell,  twenty-two 
from  Salem,  and  thirtv  from  Portsmouth,  N.  H.  It  is 
not  onh'  one  ot  the  most  important  places  on  the  main 
line  ot'  the  Boston  and  Maine  system,  but,  by  a  branch 
runnino-  throuah  central  Essex,  it  has  tree  communica- 
tion  with  the  inland  county  towns,  with  Newburvport, 
and  with  the  whole  eastern  di^■ision  of  the  Boston  and 
Maine.  Thi-ee  highwa\'  bridges  span  the  ri\er  at  Ila- 
\erhill  and  connect  with  it  I>radf)rd,  (iroNcland,  and 
W^est  Newbury.  The  ri\er  plays  no  unimportant  part 
in  its  affairs,  since  it  affords  the  opportunity  for  delightlul 
recreation  in  the  season,  the  means  of  cheap  freightage 
lor  bulk\-  articles,  and  a  continual  means  ot'  escape  tor 
the  cit}''s  sewage.  It  is  not  so  much  a  channel  of 
commerce  as  it  was  in  the  elder  days,  belore  the  railwa^' 
had  been  heard  of  and  when  the  shipwright's  hammer 
and  the  calker's  tool  still  rang  frequent  in  the  Plaverhill 
yards.     The  tirst  steamboat,  in  fact,  that  ever  floated  on 


4$  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

the  Merrimack  was  built  in  Haverhill  in  1828.  The 
chief  obstacles  in  the  way  of  river  commerce  above  Ha- 
\  erhill  are  the  shoals  and  rapids  that  intervene  between 
it  and  Lawrence.  Attempts  ha\e  been  made  by  the 
national  government  to  deepen  and  widen  the  channel, 
and  some  coal  lighters  have  been  towed  to  Lawrence 
and  small  steam  vessels  of  light  draught  have  even 
ascended  the  ri\er  to  that  point  since  the  dam  was 
built  at  Lawrence,  before  which  time  steamers  plied 
between  Lowell  and  the  ocean;  but  the  work  has 
been  given  over,  at  least  for  the  present.  At  Haver- 
hill, however,  the  ri^■er  has  a  width  of  six  hundred  feet 
and  a  channel  depth  of  eight  feet  at  high  water,  and 
vessels  of  two  hundred  tons  come  up  from  the  mouth 
of  the  river  to  lie  at  the  Haverhill  wharves,  laden  with 
lumber,  stone,  and  coal.  In  the  summer  time,  pleasure 
steamboats  pl\-  up  and  down  the  stream  and  convey 
thousands  of  passengers  b}'  a  delightful  voyage  to  the 
beaches  at  the  mouth  of  the  river. 

Not  far  below  Haverhill  Bridge  is  a  long  but  rather 
narrow  island,  opposite  the  establishment  of  Col.  Harr}- 
H.  Hale  on  the  Bradford  side  of  the  river,  of  which 
estate  it  forms  a  part  and  to  which  it  has  given  the 
name  of  ''  Island  Stock  Farm.''  It  is  utilized  for 
pasturage,  and  a  half-mile  track  has  been  made  there  in 
which  to  exercise  Col.  Hale's  colts. 

The  city  is  nine  and  a  half  miles  long,  with  an 
average  width  of  three  miles,  extending  over  twent}'- 
four  square  miles.  There  are  one  hundred  miles  of 
streets,  twent3'-seven  miles  of  sidewalks,  fifteen  miles  of 
sewers.     The   disproportion  between  the  highways  and 


50  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

such  ;idjuiicts  us  sidewalks  arises  tVoni  tlie  extcn- 
si\e  territory  outside  of  the  city  proper,  wliieh  is  highly 
produeti\e  and  for  the  most  part  highly  eulti\ated. 
The  city  is  traversed  by  three  small  streams,  tributaries 
ot"  the  Merrimack,  two  ot"  which  have  been  utilized  tor 
grist-mills  and  saw-mills,  while  the  remaining  one 
atVords  enough  water-power  to  turn  the  wheels  ol'  a 
large  flannel  mill.  Ilaxerhill  is  noteworthy  lor  the  tact 
that  there  are  tour  ponds  within  its  limits,  and  three  ot' 
them  within  a  mile  ot"  the  city  hall  and  within  a  half 
mile  of  each  other.  All  lour  of  them  are  now  used  to 
suppl\-  the  city  with  water  tor  drinking  purposes.  They 
are  \  aluable,  however,  not  alone  for  the  abundance  with 
which  thev  administer  to  the  thirst  of  the  city,  or  for 
the  ice  which  makes  more  endurable  the  summer  heat 
or  atfords  a  smooth  surtace  to  the  switt  foot  of  the 
wintr\-  skater,  but  also  as  adding  a  variety,  a  pictur- 
esqueness,  and  a  charm  to  the  landscape  such  as  tew 
cities  can  boast.  The  smallest  of  the  tour  covers  about 
thirty-eight  acres  and  was  the  tirst  used  for  aqueduct 
purposes  because  it  appears  to  be  fed  entirelv  by 
springs.  The  next  in  size,  covering  but  two  or  three 
acres  more,  supplied  the  head  for  the  first  mill-powers 
utilized  in  the  town.  The  other  two  are  much  larger, 
one  of  them,  its  waters  remarkably  clear  and  trans- 
j)arent,  occupying  ;ui  area  of  one  hundred  and  seventv- 
tive  acres,  while  the  largest  of  all,  Lake  Kenoza  (lake 
ot  the  pickerel),  includes  two  hundred  and  tbrtv  acres. 
It  is  tifty  feet  in  depth  in  some  places,  and,  though  but 
a  mile  trom  the  city  hall,  is  picturesquely  surrounded. 
It   once    abounded    in   pickerel,   and   through   its   outlet 


52  H  WKRIITF.T.,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

alcwixcs  ami  salmon  used  to  crowd  in  spawninij^  time. 
The  woods  on  its  edi^e  were  loni;-  the  haunt  of  se\eral 
sjH'cies  ot"  iiame  and  were  theretbre  \ery  attraetixe  to 
the  sportsman.  It  still  atibrds  to  the  residents  of  the 
city,  as  it  lono-  has  alibrded,  a  pleasant  resort,  within  a 
a  eonxenient  distance,  lor  parties  ot'  pleasure,  who 
doubtless  often  fuul  e.\pressi\e  of  their  own  leeling-s  the 
wortls  that  the  poet  Whittier,  himself  trom  boyhood 
familiar  with  its  shores,  sent  to  its  christeninu^, — 

"Keno/al     o'er  no  sweeter  lake 

Shall  morniuL;-  break  or  noon-cloud  sail, — 
No  fairer  face  than  thine  shall  take 

The  sunset's  golden  \eil. 

"  Long  be  it  ere  the  tide  of  trade 

Shall  break  with  harsh-resounding  din 

The  quiet  of  th\'  banks  of  shade 
And  hills  that  fold  thee  in. 

'■'  Still  let  thy  woodlands  hide  the  hare, 
The  shy  loon  sound  his  trumpet  note, 

Wing-weary  tVom  his  fields  of  air, 
The  wild  o;()()se  on  thee  fioat. 

"  Thy  peace  rebuke  our  feverisli  ^>tir, 

Thy  beauty  our  deforming  strife; 
Thy  woods  and  waters  minister 

The  healing  of  their  life.'"' 

The   older   and    more   compact   part  of  the   city  lies 
along    a    southward-looking    slope    that    rises     sharply 


WITHIN    AND    WITHOUT.  53 

from  the  ri^'er,  and  its  houses,  at  first  closely  clustered 
for  nei^'hborhood  defence  in  Indian  times,  now  stretch 
for  miles  up  and  down  the  stream.  It  is  not  unlikely 
that  the  natural  beauty  of  their  clearing  soon  caught  the 
eye  of  the  early  settlers,  and  that  they  set  their  houses 
awav  up  on  the  bank,  the  road  running  in  front  of  them 
and  thus  separating  them  from  the  river,  with  the 
intent  to  allow  no  buildings  on  the  opposite  side  and 
thus  insure  to  them  on  their  high  land  an  unobstructed 
\iew  of  the  stream.  It  was  almost  inevitable,  however, 
that  the  growing  ^•alue  of  the  riparian  land  should 
compel  its  utilization;  and  the  ri\er  road  of  the  settlers 
has  become  the  main  business  street  of  the  citv,  closely 
built  on  each  side  with  shops  and  stores  in  the  region 
of  trade,  wharfage  occupying  the  rear  of  the  riverward 
side. 

The  general  surface  of  the  cit\'  is  undulating, 
though  some  of  the  ascents  and  descents  to  and  from 
the  river  are  quite  sharp.  There  is  little  or  nothing, 
even  in  the  outlying  districts,  of  the  precipitous  sides 
and  jagged  tops  that  are  not  uncommon  features  of  our 
New  Enofland  ri\er  towns,  but  the  eminences  are  in 
general  not  \  erv  difficult  of  ascent,  rounded,  and  often 
cultivated  to  the  top.  They  are  noteworthy,  too,  for 
being  detached  summits,  instead  of  being  continuous 
upland  or  chains  of  hills,  thus  affording  a  greater 
variety  to  the  landscape,  and  suggesting,  as  the  city 
grew,  tit  spots  for  the  erection  of  more  pretentious  and 
more  costly  residences,  in  keeping  with  the  increasing- 
wealth  and  enterprise  of  the  city.  Many  of  the  hills 
have    already-   been   utilized    for   this    purpose,  some  of 


c^^.  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

the  nearer  slopes  bein*^"  more  or  less  elosely  occupied 
h\'  tvpes  ot'  the  modern  handsome  house,  and  many 
acres  of  land  ha\  e  thus  been  brouj^'ht  to  a  present  or 
prospecti\e  market.  Whether  one  prefer  the  outlook 
on  ri\  er,  lake,  or  meadow,  there  is  no  lack  of  eligible 
building  sites,  not  far  removed  from  the  more  compact 
citv.  Close  to  the  ri\"er,  even,  rise  se\eral  eminences, 
one  to  the  east  and  one  to  the  west  of  the  city  proper, 
each  of  which  atibrds  from  its  summit  a  beautiful  \  iew 
of  the  Merrimack  flowing  at  its  feet  and  ui  the 
towns  bevond.  They  bear  the  somewhat  curiously 
antithetic  names  of  Golden  and  Silver,  named,  how- 
e^■er,  not  Irom  any  metallic  properties,  actual  or 
metaphorical,  but  from  some  earlv  and  long  forgotten 
owners.  Washington,  in  his  tour  of  New  England  in 
1789,  passed  through  ILnerhill,  and  his  admiration  of 
the  beautv  of  its  situation  has  been  seduloush'  pre- 
served in  tradition  and  has  been  set  to  ^  erse  b\' 
Whittier,  himself  an  ardent  lover  of  thecharms  of  his 
native  town. 

"Midwaw  where  the  plane-tree's  shadow 
Deepest  fell,  his  rein  he  drew: 
On  his  stately  head,  uncovered. 

Cool  and  soft  the  west  wind  blew. 

"And  he  stood  up  in  his  stirrups. 
Looking  up  and  looking  down 
On  the  hills  of  Gold  and  Silver 

Rimming  round  the  little  town, — 


WITHIxNT    AND    WITHOUT.  55 

"On  the  river,  full  of  sunshine. 
To  the  lap  of  jj^reenest  vales 
\\  inding  clown  from  wooded  headlands, 
Willow-skirted,  white  with  sails. 


"  And  he  said,  the  landscape  sweeping 

Slowly  with  his  ungloved  hand, 
'  1  ha\e  seen  no  prospect  fairer 
In  this  goodly  eastern  land.'" 

Abcnit  a  mile  from  Keno/a  Lake  rises  an  eminence 
known  b\'  the  name  of  Great  Ilill  and  which  is  the 
highest  land  in  the  town.  It  is  three  hundred  and 
thirtv-nine  feet  above  the  ocean  and  is  the  second 
highest  elexation  in  Essex  Countv.  ''  The  \"iew  from 
the  summit  of  this  hill,"  writes  a  local  historian,  'Ms 
the  most  extensive  and  interesting  of  the  manv  similar 
views  to  be  obtained  in  the  town.  Portions  of  more 
than  twenty  towns  in  Massachusetts,  and  nearly  or 
quite  as  many  in  New  Hampshire,  are  easily  distin- 
guished by  the  naked  eye.  To  the  east  stretches  the 
broad  Atlantic,  whose  deep  blue  waters,  dotted  with 
the  white  wings  of  commerce,  are  plainlv  seen,  from 
the  Great  Boar's  Head  to  Cape  x\nn.  Near  its  edge, 
and  partially  hidden  from  our  sight  by  Pipestave  Hill 
in  Newburv,  are  seen  the  spires  and  many  of  the 
houses  of  the  cit\'  of  Newburyport.  To  the  right,  the 
eye  can  distinctly  trace  the  outline  of  Cape  Ann  from 
Castle  Neck  to  Plalibut  Point.  With  the  aid  of  a  glass 
several  villages  upon  the  Cape  are  made  visible.  As 
we    sweep    around    from   cast  to   south,  nearly  all   the 


^6  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

most  prominent  hills  in  northern  Essex  am  be  distinct- 
ly seen  and  easily  identified.  To  the  south  and  south- 
west, portions  of  the  \  illa^^es  ol'  GroNeland,  Bradford, 
Ilaxerhill,  North  Ando\er,  Andover,  and  Methuen, 
and  the  eitv  of  Lawrence,  can  be  seen,  peeping  above 
the  intervening  hills.  To  the  southwest,  the  Wachu- 
sett;  to  the  west,  the  Monadnock ;  and  to  the  north,  the 
Deertield  mountains  are  easily  distinguished.  To  the 
northwest,  the  Aillage  of  Atkinson,  with  its  celebrated 
academy,  is  spread  out  in  bold  relief.  To  the  north- 
east is  seen  the  top  of  Powow  Hill,  in  Salisbury,  so 
named  from  its  ha\ing  been  the  place  selected  by  the 
Indians  for  their  great  "  pow-wows,"  long  betbre  a 
white  man  gazed  upon  the  waters  of  the  Merrimack 
from  its  summit.  Turning  again  to  the  south,  we 
notice,  almost  at  our  feet,  the  beautiful  Lake  Kenoza, 
glistening  in  the  sun  like  a  diamond  encompassed  bv 
emeralds.  Once  \iewed,  the  memory  of  this  lovely 
landscape  scene  will  never  be  effaced, — 


'  the  faithful  sight 
Engraves  the  image  with  a  beam  of  light.'" 


In  fact,  in  nearly  every  part  of  the  city  are  hills  of 
more  or  less  prominence,  some  of  the  remoter  ones 
still  affording  pasturage  for  cattle,  while  on  the  south- 
ward-looking slopes  of  others  the  grape  mellows  in  the 


WITH IX    AND    WITHOUT.  ^7 

autumn  sun.  On  a  orcat  rock  at  the  summit  of  one  of 
them,  bcarini;-  the  unique  and  perhaps  inexplicable 
name  of  Branch'  Brow,  four  towns  meet  cornerwise, — 
two,  Plaistow  and  Newton,  in  New  Hampshire,  and 
two,  Haverhill  and  Amesburv,  in  Massachusetts.  An- 
other ()\erlooks  the  humble  birthplace  of  the  poet 
Whittier,  the  Mecca  of  so  man\"  travelers'  feet,  while 
from  other  hills  in  the  eastern  parish  mav  be  had  a 
tine  view  of  the  Merrimack  and  of  the  wide-stretching 
East  Meadows,  by  which  the  early  townsmen  set  so 
much  store.  lu  er\\\here  broken,  otfering  glimpses 
now  ol  pond  and  now  ot  ri\"er,  alTording  a  wider  out- 
look upon  more  distant  scenes  at  ever}'  turn,  nothing 
"can  stale  the  infinite  ^  arietv  "  of  the  landscape. 


Schools. 


'The  riches  of  the  Coninionwealth 

Are  iVee,  stroni^  minds,  and  hearts  of  health; 

And  more  to  her  than  ij:;old  or  s^^rain 

The  eunninii:  hand  and  cultured  brain. 


I. 


There  rises  before  one  at  the  moment  of  begfinnino- 
this  sketch  of  the  schools  of  Haverhill  two  pictures, — 
the  one  dim, .imperfect,  its  features  almost  obliterated 
by  the  passing  years,  a  canvas  where  a  few,  silent, 
enshadowed  fio^ures  are  taintlvseen;  the  other  brierht 
with  strong,  fresh  colors,  sparkling  with  life,  thronged 
with  faces  as  the  paintings  of  Raphael  are  with  angel 
heads;  the  one,  that  tirst  school  of  Haverhill  taught  bv 
Thomas  Wasse  tbr  ten  pounds  a  year,  its  place  of 
meeting  some  private  house,  whither  by  rude  cart-paths 
or    footwa\s,  through    woods    where    beasts  or  savage 


6o  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

Indians  lurked,  the  few  children  of  the  rude  settlement 
of  two  hundred  years  ago  went  to  be  taught  to  read 
and  write  and  east  accounts;  the  contrasting  picture, 
the  attractive  spacious  school-rooms,  titted  with  all 
that  ingenuit\-  can  suggest  for  comtbrt  or  tor  teaching, 
wherein  the  ])resent  generation  of  children  gathers  to 
be  tauo-ht.  in  \va\s  and  with  helps  of  which  the  rude 
forefathers  ne\er  dreamed,  the  knowledge  and  wisdom 
of  to-da\-.  There  lies  before  the  writer  a  volume  con- 
taining the  Haverhill  school  reports  of  many  years, 
and,  as  one  reads  backwards  through  these,  and, 
bevond  them,  through  the  fragmentary  and  far  separa- 
ted sketches  of  the  schools  of  ancient  days,  one  cannot 
but  recoirnize  with  what  faith  and  deeds  the  \  aliant- 
souled  and  earnest-hearted  fathers  of  the  town  sowed 
the  seed  which  has  grown  into  the  magnificent  school 
system  of  which  we  are  justl}-  proud. 

It  should  not  be  lorgotten,  that  those  noble  men 
who  came  to  New  England  in  1630  and  the  years 
following,  men  "  who,"  Macaulay  says,  "  forever  illus- 
trious in  historw  were  the  founders  of  the  Common- 
wealth of  Massachusetts,'"  were  neither  adventurers 
nor  untaught  dissenters.  They  were  man}-  of  them 
uni\ersitv  men.  They  brought  with  them  their  well 
selected  libraries.  The}^  brought,  also,  the  belief  that 
the  education  of  the  people  ought  to  be  the  first  con- 
cern of  the  state.  Their  judgment  of  what  that  educa- 
tion should  be  was  no  narrow  and  mereh'  utilitarian 
one.  The\-  took  as  the  guiding  purpose  of  their  action 
the  same  broad  idea  that  formed  but  latel}^  the  kev- 
note  of  the  address  of  the   orator  at  the   dedication  of 


SCHOOLS.  6l 

the  Haverhill  Ilio-h  School  building-:  "  In  the  matter 
of  education  the  natural  flow  is  t'rom  the  hei"-hts  to  the 
plain.  *  *  *  *  There  must  be  elevated  fountains 
of  knowlediic  in  order  that  these  blessinp-s  ma\'  be 
generally  distributed  amon^^;-  the  common  people.'' 
'' ProbabK',"  sa\'s  the  historian  of  American  literature, 
"  n(j  other  comniunit\  ot  ]")ioneers  e\er  so  honored 
study,  so  rexerenced  the  symbols  of  learning';  theirs 
w^as  a  social  structure  with  its  corner-stone  resting  on  a 
book." 

The  first  public  school  established  was  the  Boston 
Latin  School.  This  school,  founded  so  much  earlier 
than  Harvard  College  that  it  is  said  to  ha\e  "dandled 
Harvard  College  on  its  knees,"  owed  its  existence 
largeh'  to  two  men.  the  tar-seeing  go\ernor,  Win- 
throp,  who  knew  that  ignorance  was  the  "darkest  lair 
of  Satan,"'  and  the  Reverend  John  Cotton,  "to  whom," 
Dr.  Increase  Mather  savs,  '"New  England  oweth  its 
name  and  being  more  than  to  any  other  person  in  the 
world."  Cotton  was  a  graduate  of  Trinitv  Colle«:e,  a 
fellowM)f  Emmanuel  College,  a  man  recognized  in  En- 
o'land  as  of  i>Teat  abilitv  and  learninjj,  and  in  New^  En- 
gland  the  acknowledged  center  of  vast  influence  in 
church  and  civil  aftairs.  All  that  was  precious  to  him 
in  his  memories  of  England  he  transplanted  to  America. 
'■  When  he  saw  the  children  growing  up  he  thought  of 
the  school,  the  free  school,  to  which  all  could  go;  and 
with  his  own  love  for  classical  literature,  and  his 
partialit}-  for  the  pri\ileges  of  a  collegiate  education, 
the  memor\'  of  a  tVee  grammar  school  where  Greek 
and  Latin  were  taught  mav  have  risen  to  his  mind,  and 


6l  HAVERHILL,  MASSACHUSETTS. 

he  niav  hiivc  said,  "  Here,  also,  where  the  trees  of  the 
forest  arc  not  vet  felled  and  the  wild  Indian  is  at  our 
d()(^rs,  here  let  such  a  school  be  established,  free  for 
all.  And  let  this  one  be  the  forerunner  of  a  thousand 
more  that  shall  follow." 

Bv  the  inrtuence  of  such  men  in  1647  the  General 
Court  passed  the  following  law,  "  in  order  that  learning 
ma\-  not  be  buried  in  the  graves  of  our  fathers:  "  "It 
is.  therefore,  ordered  that  every  township  in  the  dis- 
trict, after  the  Lord  hath  increased  them  to  the  number 
of  tit"t\'  householders,  shall  then  forthwith  appoint  one 
within  their  town  to  teach  all  such  children  as  shall  re- 
sort to  him,  to  write  and  read  **■«■**  -^nd 
it  is  further  ordered,  that,  when  anv  town  shall  increase 
to  the  number  of  one  hundred  householders,  thev  shall 
set  up  a  grammar  school,  the  master  thereof  being  able 
to  instruct  vouth  so  far  as  the\'  mav  be  fitted  for  the 
universitv       " 

From  this  intluence  and  this  order  came  the  public 
schools  of  New  Eno'land. 


"  Yet  with  our  fathers  we  are  one 

At  heart,  whatever  change  betide; 
Still  shines  for  us  their  tireless  sun; 

Their  truth  still  waits  us  for  our  ufuide.*" 


SCHOOLS.  6;^ 

11. 

The  larger  settlements,  like  Boston  and  Salem,  did 
not,  however,  contain  all  the  men  of  education  and 
high  purpose.  In  tlie  little  frontier  town  of  Pentucket, 
afterwards  Ila\erhill,  the  minister,  John  Ward,  was  a 
man  "learned,  ingenious,  and  religious,  —  an  exact 
grammarian,  and  an  expert  physician,''  —  a  Master  of 
Arts  of  the  Universitv  of  Cambridge,  J^lnoland.  The 
few  men  associated  with  him  in  foundino-  this  settle- 
ment,  and  wiio  lox  ingly  and  reverently  called  him 
Teacher^  though  not  as  well  educated  as  himself,  were 
by  no  means  illiterate.  There  was  no  schoolmaster 
chosen  for  fourteen  years  after  the  order  of  the  Gen- 
eral Court,  but  the  colony  did  not  until  that  time  reach 
the  required  number  ot'  householders.  Moreover,  h\ 
reason  of  its  being  a  frontier  town,  it  had  more  diffi- 
culties with  which  to  contend  than  the  other  settle- 
ments. The  Ipswich  father  of  that  da\-  had  to  accom- 
pany his  children  to  the  school  to  guard  them  from  the 
wolves.  The  Haverhill  lather  must  fear  the  wih- 
Indian  as  well  as  the  forest  beasts.  Though  there  be 
no  historical  record  to  confirm  it,  one  must  believe  that 
the  children  of  the  colony  were  taught  at  home  until 
the  first  master  was  chosen;  that,  amid  the  labors  and 
watches  of  the  day  or  by  the  glowing  pine  knot  at 
night,  the  father  gave  to  his  sons  what  knowledge  he 
himself  held.  The  town  records  of  the  earlier  years 
make  frequent  mention  of  schools,  now  the  authoriz- 
ing of  the  hiring  of  Thomas  Wasse  as  schoolmaster  at 
ten  pounds  a  year,  later  the  raising  of  thirty  pounds  for 


64  HAVER HtLL,    MASSACHtJSET'TS. 

scliool  pill-poses,  again  the  engao;ement  in  1702  of  a 
Mr.  Tutts  tor  a  salarN-  ot"  thirty-four  pounds,  but  in 
{■JOT,  the  town  Noted  "  tliat,  on  consideration  of  their 
troubles  with  ihi-  Indians,  notliing  should  be  done 
about  ofettini:-  a  sehoolniaster,"  and  in  170:;  the  General 
Court,  because  of  their  inipox  erishment  by  the  Indian 
war,  excused  all  towns  of  less  than  two  hundred  fami- 
lies from  obserx  ance  of  the   school  law  for  three  years. 

It  ma\-  seem  unbefitting  a  \olume  of  this  kind  to 
make  the  sketch  ot"  the  schools  at  all  historical,  but  a 
view  of  the  education  ot'  the  past  is  useful  not  only  as 
a  contrast  wnth  that  of  the  present  in  the  material 
equipment,  but  as  showing  that  the  hne  of  learning 
and  the  high  aims  of  our  schools  are  deeply  rooted  in 
the  past.  We  ha\  e  no  more  solicitude  for  learning 
than  thcN-  had  in  those  early  days,  when  the  New  En- 
gland matron  said  to  her  son, "  Child,  if  God  make  thee 
a  good  Christian  and  a  good  scholar,  thou  hast  all  that 
th\   mother  ever  asked  for  thee." 

It  would  be  of  little  \alue  here  to  note  the  var3^ing 
fortunes  of  the  schools  in  the  past  centur\",  but  it  is  in- 
teresting to  note  that  a  hundred  years  ago,  in  1789,  the 
tirst  school  regulations  were  adopted  bv  the  school 
committee  of  Haverhill.  Although  new  methods  of 
teaching  have  replaced  the  old,  w^e  must  recognize,  as 
we  read  some  of  these  century-old  rules,  that  the  pur- 
poses of  knowledge  remain  unchanged.  Indeed,  with 
scarcely  the  moditication  of  a  sentence,  we  might 
place  in  our  regulations  these  framed  a  hundred  years 
ago:  That  "  the  master  consider  himself  as  in  the  place 
of  a   parent   to    the    children  under   his    care,   and    en- 


SCHOOLS.  65 

deavor  to  convince  them  1)\'  mild  treatment  that  he 
feels  a  parental  affection  for  them:  that  he  be  sjiarino^ 
as  to  tlireatenings  or  promises,  but  punctual  in  the  exe- 
cution of  the  one  and  the  performance  ot  the  other; 
that  he  ne\  er  make  dismission  from  school  at  an  earlier 
hour  than  usual  a  reward  lor  attention  or  diliii^ence,  but 
endea\()r  to  lead  them  to  consider  beini^-  at  scliool  a 
privilege,  and  dismission  from  it  a  punishment;  that 
when  circumstances  admit  he  suspend  inflicting  pun- 
ishment until  some  time  alter  the  ofience  is  committed; 
that  he  impress  upon  their  minds  their  dut\'  to  their 
parents  and  masters:  the  beaut\'  and  excellence  of' 
truth,  justice,  and  mutual  lo\e:  tenderness  to  brute 
creatures,  and  the  sintulness  ol  tormenting  them  and 
M^antonh'  destro\ing  their  lixes;  the  dut\  which  thev 
owe  to  their  countr\  and  the  necessit\  ot  a  strict  obe- 
dience to  its  laws;  and  that  he  caution  them  against  the 
pre\ailing  \  ices,  such  as  Sabbath-breaking,  profane 
cursing  and  swearing,  gaming,  idleness,  etc." 

Books  ha\  e  changed  and  will  change,  and  sciences 
and  studies  and  methods  ot'  interpretation,  but  the  pu- 
pils of  a  hundred  vears  ago  were  taught  as  the  pupils 
of  to-dav  are  taught,  and  the  pupils  of  a  hundred  years 
hence  shall  be  taught  and  trained,  "  in  the  purposes  of 
kiiowledge,  in  the  love  of  justice  and  generosit}'  and 
patriotism,  in  respect  for  themselves,  and  in  obedience 
to  authorit\',  and  honor  for  man  and  rcA  erence  tor 
God." 

Though  we  li\"e  when  libert\'  is  larger  and  ci\'iliza- 
tion  richer  and  humanity  more  tender,  we  cannot  af- 
ford to  despise    or   overlook   the   foundations  that  were 


66  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

SO  dccpl\  and  strongly  laid  in  the  past  that  wc  can 
sak'ly  rear  thereon  broadly  and  high,  to-day,  our  insti- 
tutions. In  education  the  objects  to  be  achieved  alone 
are  stable;  the  methods  must  vary  with  the  var\ing  in- 
tellectual surroundings  and  demands  ot'the  age  and  the 
o-eneration.  What  Emerson  calls  the  "  work  of 
tlixine  men,"  "to  help  the  young  souls,  add  energy, 
inspire  hope,  and  blow  the  coals  into  a  useful  flame," 
is  shown  to  ha^•e  been  the  guiding  moral  purpose  of 
the  first  regulations  of  the  Haverhill  schools  of  one 
hundred  vears  ago,  and  is  to-day  the  one  purpose  of  our 
more  ambitious  svstem  of  education.  Side  by  side 
with  the  training  that  shall  cultixate  the  power  of 
thinking,  gi\e  knowledge,  promote  loyalty,  and  in- 
dustr\ ,  and  high  ambition,  we  seek  to  place  the  inspi- 
ration to  truthfulness,  purity,  and  courtesy. 


III. 


The  schools  of  Haverhill  to-day  stand  abreast  with 
the  best  in  the  country.  Sufficiently  progressive  to 
adopt  whatever  is  an  improvement  upon  previous 
methods,  sufficienth'  conser\ative  not  to  be  swept  along 
bv  e\erv  new  fashion  in  education,  making  a  specialty 
of  no  one  branch  of  the  school  curriculum,  the  schools 
furnish,  from  the  lowest  primary  grade  to  the  highest 
high  school  grade,  a  course  of  studv  that  seeks  the 
svmmetrical  and  progressive   de\elopment  of  the  child. 

The  school  board,  of  which  the  mayor  is  ex- 
officio    chairman,    consists   ol'    eighteen    members,   one 


SCHOOLS.  67 

bcinu^  chosen  c;ich  year  irom  each  ward  and  the  term 
of  office  beini:^  three  years. 

Beside  the  \arions  suh-coniniittees  on  the  several 
schools,  there  are  standino-  committees  on  school- 
houses,  salaries,  truanc\'.  music,  private  schools,  text- 
books, and  examination  ot'  teachers,  and  a  prudential 
committee  tor  the  examination  of  all  bills  a^-ainst  the 
school  department,  their  ap})ro\al  beino-  necessar\-  be- 
Ibre  the  bill  can  be  paid.  The  general  board  meets  on 
the  third  Wednesday  ot'  e\  cry  month  for  the  consider- 
ation ot  the  school  inteiests,  and  the  prudential  com- 
mittee on  the  Monda\  j^receding  the  meetini;-  ot"  the 
board. 

Ilappih'  the  election  of  school  committee  has  been 
determined  by  fitness  instead  of'  political  cpiestions, 
and  the  board,  while  difiering  occasionallv.  as  honest 
men  ma\',  about  methotls.  has  been  unanimous  in  seek- 
ing to  obtain  and  maintain  the  best  schools  possible. 
While  keeping  a  strict  watch  to  check  anv  extrava- 
gance or  needless  expenditure  of'  mone\",  it  believes 
that  the  first  element  ot  economv  is  efficiencv.  The 
teachers  are  elected  annualh'  in  )une,  at  which  time 
such  changes  or  dismissals  are  made  as  seem  neces- 
sarv.  In  the  selection  of  teachers  favoritism  and  per- 
sonal desires  are  not  factors,  the  qualifications  of  the 
applicant  in  respect  to  character,  education,  and  the 
power  to  teach  being  alone  considered. 

The  superintendent  of  schools  is  the  secretary-  of 
the  board.  He  keeps  the  records,  buys  all  school  sup- 
plies and  distributes  them  to  the  schools,  makes  out  the 
weekly  pay-rolls,  and  arranges  and  presents  all  bills  to 


68  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

the  prudential  coniinittce.  By  a  system  of  monthly 
reports  trom  eaeh  seliool,  he  is  able  to  present  each 
month  to  the  sehool  board  the  exact  condition  of  the 
schools,  and  to  show  wherein  there  is  impro\ement  or 
need  of  impro\ement.  As  superintendent  ot  schools 
he  conducts  examinations,  has  charge  of  promotions, 
\  isits  each  school,  and  achises  with  the  several  sub- 
committees upon  (piestions  oi  cliangcs  in  course  ot 
studv,  text-books,  discipline,  etc.  He  keeps  watch  to 
know  wliat  progress  or  changes  other  places  are  mak- 
ing in  methods  of  education,  and  is  in  all  matters  the 
executive  agent  of  the  board.  Every  month  the 
teachers  of  each  grade  meet  with  him  for  comparison, 
discussion,  and  suggestion,  and  thereby  an  esprit  de 
corps  of  great  value  is  maintained.  In  the  grammar 
schools  the  principal,  under  the  direction  of  the  super- 
intendent, superx  ises  caretulh'  the  work  of  each  grade 
in  his  own  building.  The  principals  of  all  the  schools 
meet  at  intervals  with  the  superintendent  to  discuss 
school  interests  and  obtain  uniformitv  of  methods. 
The  object  of  this  arrangement  of  school  supervision 
is  to  obtain  in  each  school  the  best  results,  but,  while 
the  system  is  made  as  complete  as  possible,  there  is 
sufficient  elasticity  to  allow  of  individual  work  by  the 
teachers  and  indi\  idual  training  ol'  the  scholars. 

The  course  of  study  is  so  arranged  that  each 
branch  shall  receive  its  own  proportional  amount  of 
time  and  attention.  In  reading,  ease,  fluency,  and  ex- 
pression are  sought;  and  each  lesson  is  preceded  bv  a 
\'ocal  drill  to  obtain  clear  enunciation  and  \arietv  in 
expression.      In  writing,  a  regular  drill  is  given,  to  ob- 


SCHOOLS.  69 

tain  an  eas}'  control  of  the  muscles  of  the  arm  and  the 
lingers.  In  geography  and  history,  the  scholars  are  led 
to  read  widely,  to  compare  authors,  and  to  study  bv 
topics  the  countries  or  the  epochs.  The  stud\'  of  lan- 
""uaii^e  bciiins  with  the  child's  entrance  to  school  and 
continues  throu<rh  the  full  course.  The  course  in 
drawing  has  just  been  re-arranged  in  order  to  make  it 
a  progressive  stud\'  of  form  and  objects  through  all  the 
xears.  The  music  is  under  the  direction  of  a  special 
teacher. 

Promotions  of  classes  are  made  vearlv,  and  are  so 
arranged  as  to  prevent  as  far  as  possible  anv  nervous 
and  unnatural  strain  ujion  the  child,  the  estimate  of  the 
teacher  under  whom  the  pupil  has  been  during  the 
Near  being  the  especial  basis  of  promotion.  Written 
tests  and  exercises  arc  given  frequently  to  cultivate  ex- 
actness and  power  of  expression,  and  to  show"  what 
subjects  need  re\iewing.  In  all  promotions  the  indi- 
vidual child  is  considered,  and  the  question  asked, 
"Is  it  best  for  him  to  go  on  or  to  review  the  work?" 
The  school  session  is  freed  from  all  tediousness  by 
numerous  changes,  and  bv  the  introduction  ot  suitable 
tjymnastic  exercises.  For  some  vears  no  out-door  re- 
cess  has  been  given.  This  no-recess  plan  has  been  a 
feature  of  the  school  svstem  long  enough  for  an  un- 
prejudiced judgment  to  be  formed  of  its  results.  It  is 
found  that  it  is  much  easier  to  maintain  school  disci- 
pline, and  that  there  is  much  less  opportunity  tor  the 
tormina'  of  evil  habits  or  associations  under  this  than 
under  the  old  system,  wdiile  the  shorter  school  session, 
the   short  in-door  recess,  and  the  ready  permission   to 


70 


IIA\ERIIILI.,    MASSACHUSETTS. 


\cd\c  tlic  room  when  necessary  pre\  ent  any  extra  fa- 
tiirue  and  an\-  iniur\-  to  the  healtli. 

Entering'  the  h)\vest  priniar\'  L!,rade,  the  eliild  comes 
immediateh'  nnder  the  care  of  teachers  chosen  because 
of  their  especial  fitness  lor  primary  work.  From  his 
\  er\-  entrance  into  school,  he  is  trained  to  read,  to 
write,  to  measure,  to  observe;  he  is  taught  the  correct 
use  ol'  lani;-ua<;-e,  and  is  led  to  express  his  thout>-hts  in 
complete  sentences;  cleanliness,  order,  and  courtesy 
become  as  habits  to  him,  while,  so  tar  as  the  influence 
of  the  school-room  extends,  he  is  restrained  from 
crueltN"  and  coarseness  and  the  more  flagrant  vices. 

The  evening  schools  are  open  lor  twenty  weeks, 
three  evenings  a  week,  and  in  them  the  division  is  into 
small  classes,  each  having  a  separate  teacher,  in  order 
that  much  indi\  idual  work  may  be  done.  There  is  an 
evening  school  of  mechanical  drawing,  and  one  of  free- 
hand drawing,  and  a  school  for  instruction  in  book- 
keeping, in  addition  to  separate  schools  for  the 
instruction  of  males  and  females  in  the  ordinary 
grammar-school  branches.  In  these  schools  the  city 
gives  most  willingly  not  only  what  the  state  demands, 
but  what  contributes  to  the  advancement  of  those 
who,  debarred  b}'  the  necessity  of  labor  from  the  day 
schools,  desire  to  obtain  an  education. 

There  are  eighty  public  schools  in  the  city,  occupy- 
pying  twenty-three  buildings,  and  taught  by  ninety- 
three  teachers.  The  number  of  pupils  in  the  public 
schools  is  about  3,000;  in  parochial  schools  1,000;  in 
other  pri\ate  schools  50.  The  city  spends  annually  for 
the  support  of  its  schools  about  $65,000.     In  1886  it  ex- 


HIGH    SCHOOL. 


^2  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

pcndcd  more  money  per  pupil  tlian  any  other  eity  in 
Essex  Countv.  and  was  outranked  in  the  state  only  by 
Boston,  Newton,  New  r)edtbrd,  Somer\'ille,  and  Cam- 
bridge, none  of  whieh  are  purely  manutiicturing  eities. 
In  proportion  to  its  \al nation  it  expends  more  than  any 
city  in  Massachusetts  save  Gloucester.  In  this  com- 
parison towns  are  not  included. 

The  cit\-  furnishes  tree  to  all  pupils  all  books, 
slates,  stationery,  etc.,  used  in  the  schools,  and  offers 
to  the  children  of  rich  and  poor  alike  the  best  teaching- 
that  it  can  obtain,  the  best  courses  of  stud}'  that  it  can 
de\ise,  the  best  text-books  and  the  most  complete  aids 
tor  studw  during  a  school  course  of  thirteen  years, 
carr\'ing  the  student  to  the  ^•ery  doors  of  the  scientific 
or  academic  uni\'ersitv.  and  all  without  the  expendi- 
ture of  a  dollar. 

The  High  School  is  beautiiulh'  situated  on  a  com- 
manding site  on  Crescent  Place  fronting  a  small  park, 
and  occupies  the  place  where  Harriet  Newell,  one  of 
the  first  missionaries  of  the  American  Board,  was  born, 
as  well  as  the  place  where  stood  the  Center  school, 
the  first  and  for  maiiN'  years  the  onh'  grammar  school 
(jf  the  town.  The  architecture  is  Roman  and  Grecian 
combined,  and  iVeed  from  all  the  trickeries  of  form  and 
ornament,  with  its  simple  lines  and  true  proportions,  is 
of  great  dignit\"  and  beauty.  The  building  is  three 
stories  high  abo\  e  a  granite  basement  and  is  hand- 
somely built  of  brick  with  sandstone  trimming's.  The 
basement  contains,  in  addition  to  the  most  excellent 
sanitar}'  arrangements  and  the  boilers  tor  the  steam- 
heating    aparatus,    a    chemical    laboratory    fitted     with 


SCHOOLS.  73 

desks  and  tiirnishcd  completely  for  experimental 
study,  and  a  philosophical  lecture-room,  both  large 
and  well  \  cntilalcd.  Aboxc,  on  the  first  floor  are  the 
spacious  school  and  recitation  rooms,  the  rooms  of  the 
school  commitee  and  the  ofhce  of  the  superintendent 
of  schools.  The  second  floor  contains,  in  addition  to 
the  school  and  recitation  rooms,  the  school  librarv  and 
the  office  ot  tlu'  principal,  'i'lu-  third  floor  contains 
the  large  school  hall  where  the  school  assembles  for 
devotional  exercises,  for  music,  and  for  public  declam- 
atory exercises.  It  contains  also  two  rooms  titted  for 
the  teaching  of  instrumental  and  Irec-hand  drawing, 
and  containing  a  large  number  of  casts  and  studies. 
An  arrangement  of  gaslights  and  screens  gives  facili- 
ties for  the  stud\'  of  light  and  shade  effects.  The 
corridoi's  are  high  and  wide,  the  staircases  of  easy 
ascent,  the  cloak-rooms  and  teachers'  apartments  light 
and  ample.  Electric  bells  and  speaking-tubes  com- 
municate with  the  }")rincipars  room  from  all  parts  of 
the  building,  and  the  edifice,  first  occupied  in  1874, 
and  costing  with  the  lot  about  $110,000,  is  a  model  of 
comfort  and  con\enience.  From  its  upper  windows  a 
large  portion  of  the  city  may  be  seen,  and  the  windings 
of  the  beautiful  Merrimack  traced  for  a  long  distance. 
The  halls  and  school-rooms  are  adorned  with  pictures 
and  busts,  gifts  from  the  Alumni  Association  and  the 
(graduates  and  friends  of  the  school.  The  /Vlumni 
Association  is  one  of  the  oldest  of  such  institutions, 
and  perhaps  the  most  prosperous.  It  gives  two  recep- 
tions during  the  year,  invitations  to  which  are  eagerh^ 
sought,  and   it  has  a  quite   large   fund    safely  invested, 


74 


HAVERHILL,    MASSACttUSET'fS. 


the  income  of  which  has  been  devoted  for  some  time  to 
the  purchase  of  pictures  for  the  beautif^^ing  of  the 
school-room  walls. 

The  school  has  about  200  pupils.  Its  corps  of 
teachers  is  a  master,  two  submasters,  four  female 
assistants,  and  the  instructor  in  music.  The  most  of 
these  teachers  have  been  long  connected  with  the 
school,  and  all  have  especial  fitness  for  the  departments 
of  instruction  under  their  charge.  The  Master  is  a 
graduate  of  Harvard  College,  the  first  submaster  of 
Dartmouth,  the  second  submaster  of  Brown.  There 
are  three  full  courses  of  study,  each  of  four  years,  the 
Classical,  the  English  and  Classical,  and  the  English. 
The  traditions  of  the  school  are  of  high  scholarship, 
and  it  is  the  constant  aim  of  the  officials  to  use  the  best 
methods  and  secure  the  best  results.  It  has  been  the 
pride  of  the  school  to  enter  its  sons  at  Harvard  or 
Dartmouth  or  Williams  or  Amherst  as  well  trained  as 
the  boys  from  Exeter  or  Andover,  to  place  those  who 
choose  a  scientific  course  in  the  Institute  of  Technol- 
ogy unconditioned,  and  to  present  its  daughters  fully 
prepared  for  the  examinations  at  Wellesle}',  Smith,  or 
the  Harvard  Annex.  How  intimatel}'  it  is  connected 
with  the  civic  and  social  life  of  the  place  may  be  seen 
in  the  fact  that  among  its  former  pupils  are  the  mayor 
of  the  cit}',  its  civil  engineer,  mau}^  of  its  bank  cashiers 
and  tellers,  several  of  the  trustees  of  the  Public  Library, 
the  superintendent  of  schools,  the  master  of  the  High 
School,  and  the  majority  of  the  public  teachers,  mem- 
bers of  the  school  board,  and  very  many  of  those  who, 
in  the  various   literary  clubs  of  Haverhill,  promote  the 


SCHOOLS.  75 

sociiil  and  literary  interests  of  the  eity.  Among  those 
who  have  gone  forth  from  this  to  other  fields  of  labor 
and  usefulness,  and  whom  the  High  Sehool  has  trained 
and  prepared,  are  those  who  till  all  grades  of  honor  and 
of  trust,  —  the  president  of  the  national  senate,  law- 
3ers  and  preaehers,  seientists  and  business  men. 

But  be  the  power  and  success  of  the  school  shown 
in  the  lives  of  those  who  ser\e  in  more  important  or 
more  humble  offices,  the  school  seeks  always  to  leave 
those  who  go  forth  from  it  more  mighty  in  mind,  more 
might\'  in  heart,  richer  in  the  power  of  usefulness,  to 
place  them  more  surelv  under  the  guardianship  of ''the 
three  great  angels  of  Conduct,  of  Toil,  and  of  Thought." 

The  list  of  the  present  corps  of  teachers,  and  the 
course  of  study  are  appended: 

Clarence  E.  Kellev,  A.  M.,  Harvard  "73,  Master. 

James  D.  Ilorne,  A.  B.,  Dartmouth  '84.  Sub- 
master. 

Walter  O.  Cartwright,  A.  B.,  Brown,  '81,  Sub- 
master. 

Harriet  O.  Nelson,  English  Literature  and  Latin. 

Mary  S.  Bartlett,  Latin  and  Physiology. 

Nellie  M.  Moore,  French  and  Histor}'. 

Mira  W.  Bartlett,  Geometry,  Drawing,  and  Botany. 

W.  W.  Kea3's,  Instructor  in  Music. 


7^  HAVERIIILT.,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

HAVEKHILL  HIOH  SCHOOL. 


COURSE  OF  STUDY. 


English  Course. 


FIRST    YEAR. 

First  Term.  Second  Term. 

Alg-cbra.  Algebra. 

English  History.  French  History. 

Book-keeping.  Book-keeping. 

Civil  Go\ernment.  English. 

Drawing.  Drawing. 

second  year. 

First  Term.  Second  Term. 

Geometry.  Geometry. 

Physiology.  Botany. 

Arithmetic.  Arithmetic. 

Eno-lish.  English. 

Drawino-.  Drawino-. 

third  year. 

First  Term.  Second  Term. 

French.  French. 

Rhetoric.  Roman  History. 

Physics.  Rhetoric. 

Greek  Historw  Physics. 


SCHOOLS.  7^ 

FOURTH    YEAR. 

First  Term.  Second  Term. 

French.  French. 

English  Literature.  Engflish  Literature. 

Chemistry.  Astronomy. 


English  and  Classical  Course. 

first  year. 
First  Term.  Second  Term. 
Algebra.  Algebra. 
English  History.  French  Histor\-. 
Latin  Grammar  and  Read-  Latin  Grammar  and  Read- 
er, Latin  Composition.  er,  Latin  Composition. 
Cixil  Government.  English. 

SECOND    YEAR. 

First  Term.  Second  Term. 

Geometry.  Geometry. 

Physiology.  Botany. 

Cccsar,  Latin  Composition.  Cicero's  Orations. 

English.  English. 

THIRD  YEAR. 

First  Term.  Second  Term. 

French.  French. 

Greek  History.  Roman  History. 

Virpfil.  Virofil. 

Physics.  Physics. 


jS  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

FOURTH    YEAR. 

First  Term.  Second  Term. 

French.  French. 

English  Literature.  English  Literature. 

Chemistry.  Astronomy. 

Classical  Course. 

first  year. 
First  Term.  Second  Term. 

Algebra.  Algebra. 

Eno-lish  IlistorN-.  French  History. 

Latin  Grammar  and  Read-  Latin  Grammar  and  Read- 
er, Latin  Composition.  er,  Latin  Composition. 

Ci\il  Government.  English. 

SECOND    YEAR. 

First  Term.  Second  Term. 

Geometr}'.  Geometry. 

Greek  Grammar  and  Read-  Greek  Grammar  and  Read- 
er, er. 

Caesar,  and  Latin  Composi-  Cicero's  Orations, 
tion.  Sight  Latin.  English. 

English. 

THIRD    YEAR. 

First  Term.  Second  Term. 

Algebra.  Algebra. 

Xenophon,  Greek  Compo-  Xenophon,  Greek  Compo- 
sition, sition. 

Greek  History.  Roman  History. 

Virgil,    Sight    Latin,  Latin   Virgil,  Sight  Latin,   Latin 

Composition,  Composition. 

Physics.  Physics  and  Astronomy. 


SCHOOLS.  79 

FOURTH  YEAR. 

First  Term.  Second  Term. 

French,  English  Literature,  French,     English     Litera- 

Geometry.  ture,  Geometr}-. 

Greek.  Greek. 

Latin.  Latin. 

General  Exercises. 


Compositions  b\  all  pupils.    Vocal  Music  each  week. 
Declamations  b\'  b()3's. 


A  few  rods  w^est  of  the   new   Hio-h   School  buildin$r 


fc> 


stands  the  "outgrown  shell," — the  old  dwelling  of 
the  school,  —  now  occupied  by  the  Whittier  grammar 
and  primary  schools.  The  seven  or  eight  elms  on  the 
beautiful  lawn  in  front  of  the  building  may  give  the 
pupils  in  the  hot  summer  days  a  grateful  idea  of 
academic  shades  and  possibl}'  the  inscription  High 
School,  still  allowed  to  remain  on  the  facade  of  the 
building,  may  remind  the  pupils  of  what  yet  lies  above 
them.  There  is  no  building  in  the  city  around  which 
throng  so  many  reminiscences.  The  land  on  w^hich  it 
stands  was  given  in  1826  as  a  site  for  an  academy,  and 
the  building  was  dedicated  in  1827.  The  orator  w^as 
the  Hon.  Leverett  Saltonstall  of  Salem,  and  the  poet, 
"  a  tall,  slight,  distinguished-looking  but  bashful  3-outh 
of  nineteen,  w^ith   strikingly  beautiful   eyes,"  was  John 


8o  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

G.  Whittier,  who  had  just  entered  the  school.  Whit- 
tier  was  introduced  to  Miss  Arethusa  Hall,  the  pre- 
ceptress, bv  the  Hon.  James  H.  Duncan  as  "a  young 
man  who  at  the  shoemaker's  bench  often  hammered 
out  line  verses." 

Fiftv-seven  years  later  a  number  of  the  survi\ing 
alumni  of  that  old  academy  held  a  reunion  in  honor  of 
Whittier,  at  which  the  belo\-ed  singer  was  present  and 
for  which  he  wrote  a  touching  poem.  — 

1827-1885. 

"The  gulf  of  seven  and  fift}'  years 
We  stretch  our  welcoming  hands  across; 
The  distance  but  a  pebble's  toss 

Between  us  and  our  youth  appears. 

■'  For  in  life's  school  we  linger  on. 
The  remnant  of  a  once  full  list. 
Conning  our  lesson,  undismissed. 

With  faces  to  the  setting  sun. 


"The  eyes  grown  dim  to  pleasant  things 
Have  keener  sight  for  bvgone  years. 
And  sweet  and  clear,  in  deafening  ears, 

The  bird  that  sang  at  morning  sings.'" 

The    upper   room,  Academy    Hall,  was    a   place  for 
lectures  and  balls  and  religious  meetings,  where  "grave 


SCHOOLS. 


and  <i^av  alternate  chased."  The  room  below,  tlie  uld 
school-room,  has  faintly  echoed  to  the  maiden  "  speak- 
in<)^"  of  some  who  afterwards  won  the  applause  ol 
listeniiiL!,-  senates,  and  nian\'  who  later  spoke  in  the 
pulpit,  on  the  platform,  or  at  the  bar.  In  1841  the 
Academ\-  became  a  \\\^h  School.  The  buildin^-  has 
been  remodeled  once  or  twice  to  suit  the  <)^rowin<j;- 
needs,  and  in  iS()(;.  at  an  ex]~)ense  ol  about  $12,000, 
was  extensixely  changed,  while  still  keeping  in  its 
o'cneral  external  apj^earance  the  features  of  the  old 
acadcm\ .  'i'he  school  has  four  teachers.  I'he  princi- 
pal, Miss  Sarah  S.  Xo\es,  thoug-h  still  on  the  sunny 
side  of  life,  has  tau^^ht  in  llaxerhill  schcjols  lor  thirt\' 
years,  and  had  a  share  in  the  trainin<i,-  ol  many  ol  the 
successixe  cit\'  governments,  the  school  committee  and 
the  teachers.  A  short  distance  farther  up  Winter  Street 
stands  the  Winter  Street  School  building  containing 
about  s<^^<^^  scholars,  under  the  charge  ol  twehe  teachers, 
the  principal  being  Mr.  Charles  \V.  Haley.  I'his 
school  is  of  high  grade,  and  sends  annually  about  h^rty 
pupils  to  the  High  School.  The  present  building  was 
built  in  1856  and  was  dedicated  with  an  address  by  the 
Hon.  Georoe  S.  Boutwell.  It  has  since  then  under- 
o'one  N'arious  changes  to  accommodate  the  growing 
school   population. 

The  Scho(jl  Street  Grammar  Scho(^l,  under  the 
charge  of  Mr.  Fred  Gowing,  has  about  300  pupils,  with 
eiirht  teachers.  This  school  has  been  established  for 
tifty  years,  although,  like  the  other  grammar  schools,  it 
has  outgrown  one  dwelling  after  another  during  that 
time,  and  sent  its  oyerflow  to  other  and  newly  created 
schools. 


CURRIER    SCHOOL. 


SCHOOLS.  83 

There  had  lonij;-  been  a  u^raniniar  sehool  on  Wash- 
ington Street,  a  most  deliu^httul  place  when  Haverhill 
was  a  \  illai^e.  In  the  stirring-  days  of  the  rebellion  its 
boys  saw  the  sons  of  the  \  illaL;e  march  past  its  gates 
on  their  way  to  the  war;  they  saw  the  gallant  hosts  of 
Maine  go  by  on  the  railroad  just  west;  they  saw  also 
the  home-coming  of  those  who  went  forth,  some  with 
the  cherished  flag  wrapped  round  their  coffined  forms, 
some  marching  beneath  its  stained  and  torn  but  vet 
victorious  folds;  and,  through  all  the  daNs  of  excite- 
ment, of  grief,  of  waiting,  of  hoping,  ol"  victor\-,  the 
nation's  llag,  made  b\-  the  daughters  of  the  school, 
floated  from  its  upper  window.  The  school  —  and  the 
other  grammar  schools  also  —  has  its  roll  of  honor,  the 
list  of  its  scholars  who  poured  out  their  life-blood  for  the 
nation's  defence.  The  Hon.  George  H.  Carleton,  the 
late  mayor  of  the  cit\',  was  its  master  in  those  davs  of 
action  when  its  sons  learned  a  practical  lesson  in 
patriotism.  Later,  trade  invaded  the  quiet  street,  and 
tall  brick  buildings,  bustling  hives  of  industry,  crowded 
back  the  quiet  cottages,  and  made  the  removal  of  the 
school  necessarv.  Following  the  "  course  of  empire," 
Horace  Greeley's  advice,  and  the  growth  of  the  city,  it 
went  west,  and  on  the  fifth  of  June,  1873,  occupied  a 
new  home  on  Silver  Hill.  The  building  was  so 
superior  to  any  other  in  the  town  that  the  school  report 
says  of  it  that  its  "prominence  and  superioritv  over  all 
the  surrounding  structures  is  a  correct  indicator  of  the 
relative  position  which  our  educational  S3stem  holds 
among  the  agencies  of  society  as  now  constituted  in 
our  country." 


SCHOOLS.  85 

As  illustrating  the  growth  of  the  city  westward  in 
the  last  fifteen  years,  it  is  interesting  to  note,  that, 
when  the  Currier  School  was  opened,  it  was  current 
opinion  that  so  large  a  building  never  could  be  used. 
It  contained  eight  large  school-rooms  and  a  school  hall. 
Three  of  these  rooms  were  opened  with  an  attendance 
of  198  scholars.  Four  rooms  have  since  been  added, 
and  to-day  twehe  rooms  are  occupied,  with  an  atten- 
dance of  about  500,  while  two  large  brick  primary 
schools  of  six  and  eight  rooms  respectively  have  been 
built  in  addition  to  accommodate  that  district. 

The  principal  of  this  school  is  a  woman,  Miss  Mary 
A.  Tappan,  who  has  been  at  the  head  of  the  school 
since  the  building  was  erected.  It  is  possible  that 
Haverhill  recognizes  the  equality  of  the  sexes  more 
than  any  other  city,  for  it  pays  the  principal  of  this 
school  the  same  salar}^  that  the  male  principals  of  the 
other  grammar  schools  receive. 

For  some  years  now  a  training  school  for  teachers 
has  been  in  operation,  and  many  of  the  most  successful 
primary  teachers  are  graduates  of  it.  It  is  under  the 
charge  of  a  principal  and  an  assistant  principal.  The 
number  of  pupil  teachers  is  limited  to  sixteen.  These 
must  be  graduates  of  the  High  School,  or  must  succes- 
fully  pass  an  examination  upon  prescribed  subjects. 
The  course  of  training  is  a  year  and  a  half,  and  the 
work  is  that  of  the  tour  lower  grades  of  the  school 
course.  The  school  has  200  scholars,  and  the  pupil 
teachers,  in  additional  to  the  theory  of  teaching  and  the 
normal  work,  are  trained  and  tested  by  the  care,  the 
discipline,  and  the   teaching  of  the   four  schools  in  the 


■•.7. 


o 


SCHOOLS.  87 

building.  The  rank  of  this  school  is  high,  and  appli- 
cations to  enter  it  come  not  only  from  the  young  ladies 
of  the  city,  but  from  other  cities  and  towns.  The 
pupil  teachers  are  subjected  to  constant  examination, 
and  to  careful  and  kindly  criticism,  and  receive  certifi- 
cates which  state  for  what  grade  of  teaching  thev  are 
best  adapted.  Those  who  fail  in  the  essential  requi- 
sites of  a  teacher  are,  after  careful  trial,  advised  of  their 
failure  and  (juietly  withdrawn  from  the  school.  The 
existence  of  this  school  shows  the  desire  and  care  of 
Haverhill  to  obtain  well  trained  and  tested  teachers  for 
the  youngest  pupils. 

Of  the  other  grammar  and  primary  schools  it  is 
needless  to  speak  in  detail.  The  same  care,  the  same 
course  of  study,  the  same  desire  to  do  the  best  possible 
work  is  in  them  all.  Sufficiently  abundant  in  number 
and  convenient  in  position  to  avoid  large  numbers  or 
long  distances,  they  leave  no  reasonable  excuse  for 
any  child's  not  enjoying  their  privileges. 

For  those  to  whom  private  schools  seem  a  neces- 
sit}',  Haverhill  is  most  delightfully  situated.  There 
are  pri^■ate  kindergarten  schools  tor  the  youngest 
pupils,  and  private  home  schools  for  delicate  or  back- 
ward children  of  more  advanced  years.  The  Irish 
Catholic  parent  may  send  his  children  to  the  school  of 
St.  James,  and  the  French  Catholics  have  also  a  school 
of  their  own.  Across  the  river  the  well  known  Brad- 
ford Academy  and  the  Carleton  School  offer  their  ad- 
vantages, while  the  famous  schools  of  Andover  and 
Exeter  are  reached  by  a  few  minute's  ride.  In  neigh- 
boring towns   the  old   Dummer  Academy  in    Byfield, 


88  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

and  the  new  Sanborn  Academy  in  Kingston,  each 
under  most  excellent  management,  invite  to  more  quiet 
and  peaceful  halls  of  learning.  The  colleges  of  Har- 
vard and  I'ufts,  and  the  \ari()us  institutions  of  Boston 
are  an  hour's  ride  away,  and  the  railroad  otfers  almost 
hourly  facilities  for  reaching  them. 

But,  up  to  the  \"ery  entrance  to  the  universit}-,  it  is 
needless  for  anv  parent  of  Haverhill  to  seek  training  for 
his  child  elsewhere  than  in  its  public  schools.  What 
they  may  lack  it  is  the  purpose  of  the  city  to  lurnish, 
what  they  may  do  it  is  its  purpose  to  do  excellentl}', 
while  in  their  breadth  and  extent  of  instruction  it  is  its 
ambition  to  have  them  unexcelled,  tor  it  believes  the 
public  school  to  be  the  most  powerful  social  factor  in 
promoting  its  own  material,  moral,  and  intellectual 
well-being,  and  in  magnifying  and  ennobling  the  gift 
of  citizenship.  ^uid  niitnics  Reipubliccc  inajits, 
meliusve^  afferre  possiniius  qiiam  si  juvoitutcin 
docemus  et  bene  erudiiiiusl 


DEPARTMENT  OF  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 


nAme  of  school. 

"0 

c 

1    . 

.s 

.Salaries  of 
Teachers. 

i 

Valuation 
of    Building. 

High, 

7 

197 

19 

$7550 

$75,000 

Winter  St.  (Trummar, 

12 

452 

12 

6850 

30,000 

Whitlicr              " 

4 

156 

4 

2300 

15,000 

School  St.           " 

8 

282 

7 

4850 

16,000 

Currier               " 

12 

474 

12 

6850 

30,000 

Portland  St.  Tra.  School, 

14 

201 

4 

1880 

15,000 

Bowlc}', 

5 

205 

7 

3700 

15,000 

Wingate, 

6 

229 

7 

3250 

16,000 

(iro\  eland  St.  (jrammar. 

4 

157 

5 

2200 

1 5 ,000 

Locust  St.  Primary, 

2 

106 

2 

1000 

6,000 

Chestnut  St.     '' 

4 

165 

4 

2100 

1 5 ,000 

Pond  St. 

48 

500 

1,500 

Tilton's  Cor.     *' 

34 

500 

1,500 

Mill  Vale  Union, 

19 

500 

800 

vSaunders'  Hill  Union, 

13 

500 

800 

Corliss  Hill 

10 

500 

1,000 

Rocks  \'illage       " 

51 

1000 

2,000 

Kenoza  Avenue, 

20 

420 

1,200 

North  Avenue, 

25 

500 

1,000 

North  Main  St. 

30 

500 

1,800 

Monument  St. 

72 

1000 

2,500 

Broadway, 

12 

500 

1,000 

North  Broadwa}', 

17 

420 

1,000 

Ayer's  Village, 

2 

49 

2 

800 

2,500 

Lowell  Avenue, 

I 

18 

I 

420 

800 

Eve'g  School,  Males, 

7 

146 

6 

600 

"            "       Females, 

3 

87 

2 

240 

"             "        Drawing, 

2 

65 

2 

300 

"            "       Book-keep. 

I 

3i 

I 

120 

Oroanizkd    Activitv. 


Il;i\crhill's  ecclesiastical  liiston'  reads  \erN'  much 
like  that  ol'  so  many  of  the  older  New  Eno-land  settle- 
ments, to  whose  inhabitaiits  religious  observances  were 
meat  and  drink.  rns]->ired  to  leave  their  native  land 
and  seek  a  lodgment  in  the  wilderness  by  their  inbred 
convictions  in  regard  to  the  torms  and  methods  of 
religion,  it  was  inevitable,  that  there  should  be,  to  their 
minds,  no  distinction  between  religious  and  secular 
government,  between  taxes  for  police  and  taxes  for 
preachers,  between  town  and  parish.  Ditficult  as  it 
may  be  for  us  to  comprehend  their  intimate  and  in- 
alienable association  of  the  secular  and  the  spiritual, 
to  our  minds  and  in  our  day  so  dissimilar,  it  was  never- 
theless for  many  3'ears  a  fact,  and  a  fact  of  great 
moment  in  the  management  of  public  affairs  and  in  the 
growth  of  towns.  In  Haverhill,  the  town  and  the 
parish  were  identical  for  nearly  a  hundred  and  thirty 
years,  town  meetings  and  the  services  of  the  Sabbath 
being   held    in   the    same   building,  at   once   the   town- 


02.  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSET^fS. 

house  and  the  parish  meeting-house.  In  the  town 
books  and  by  the  town  clerk  were  preserved  the 
records  of  such  transactions  as  would  now  be  con- 
sidered as  relating  entirely  to  the  various  religious 
societies  but  which  were  then  necessarily  a  part  of  the 
town's  business. 

In  1728  the  town  had  become  so  large  as  to  make 
it  a  matter  of  convenience  for  its  inhabitants  to  divide 
it  into  two  parishes,  and  later  into  more,  so  that  those 
who  lived  in  the  remoter  parts  need  not  be  obliged  to  go 
so  far  for  worship.  The  parish  meetings,  having  be- 
come, therefore,  gatherings  of  a  part  of  the  people  only, 
became  also,  perforce,  distinct  from  the  town  meetings. 
Still,  however,  dwellers  in  the  parish  were,  in  the 
nature  of  things,  b}-  virtue  of  their  residence,  owners  of 
the  meeting-house,  attendants  upon  its  services,  con- 
tributors to  the  support  of  preaching.  At  this  time, 
and  for  forty  years  later,  if  an}'  resident  of  the  parish 
omitted  to  pay  the  parish  rates,  the  parish  collector  was 
empowered  to  "  take  distress  "  on  him  and  obtain  the 
withheld  rates  b}'  the  sale  of  his  seized  goods.  One 
John  White,  whose  rates  were  gotten  by  this  summary 
process,  sued  the  parish  to  recover  them,  but  lost  his 
cause.  The  ancient  rights  of  the  parish  being  thus 
upheld,  doubtless  the  parish  officers  were  willing  to 
become  less  strenuous  in  their  exercise,  and  compro- 
mises were  effected  between  the  parish  and  its  unwil- 
ling rate-payers  until,  a  few  3"ears  later,  a  special 
statute  exempted  from  the  payment  of  the  parish  rates 
such  of  the  parishioners  as  presented  to  the  authorities 
certiticates  of  their  membership  of  dissenting  churches 


FIRST    PARISH    CHURCH. 


94  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

and  of  their  payment  of  church  rates  therehi.  The 
relationship  between  town  and  parish  continued  so 
close  that  the  town  meetings  were  still  held  in  the 
meeting-house  of  the  tirst  parish;  and  it  was  not  until 
1828  that  the  parish  asserted  its  especial  proprietorship 
by  demanding  payment  from  the  town  for  the  use  of  its 
building.  Not  until  twenty  years  later  did  the  town 
have  a  distinct  assembling-place  of  its  own.  The  dif- 
ficulties in  the  wa}'  of  calling  parish  and  church 
synonymous  were  exemplified  in  Haverhill  in  the 
early  part  of  this  century  by  the  disagreement  between 
the  Unitarian  and  Trinitarian  wings  of  the  Congrega- 
tionalists,  a  familiar  story  in  many  New  England  towns. 
These  occasioned  a  series  of  manceuverings  for  techni- 
cal rights  and  possessions,  and  reached  a  climax  at 
length  in  an  open  rupture  between  the  two  sects. 
Dissensions  of  the  same  general  sort  had  arisen  also  in 
the  West  Parish,  where  the  Universalists  were  more 
numerous,  which  were  finally  settled  by  mutual  agree- 
ment as  to  which  should  be  "the  parish." 

Already,  however,  in  1765,  had  occured  the  first 
break  in  the  unanimity  of  religious  worship  in  the  town 
by  the  formation  of  a  Baptist  church,  the  first  in  the 
count}-,  the  evident  declaration  of  what  was  to  be  a 
persistent  rebellion  against  the  traditional  '-standing 
order."  It  was  not,  howe\er,  until  the  next  century 
that  larther  progress  was  made  in  the  cultivation  of 
a  diversity  of  religious  belief,  but  from  that  time  on 
denominations  arose  and  multiplied  until  now,  in  1889, 
there  are  twenty-four  church  organizations,  divided 
among  eleven  difterent  denominations,  —  including  Uni- 


ORGANIZED    ACTIVITY. 


95 


tarian  and  Trinitarian  Congrcgationalists,  Univcrsalists, 
Baptists,  Freewill  Baptists,  Adventists,  Methodists, 
Episcopalians,  Christians,  Roman  Catholics,  and  Spirit- 
ualists. The  'J'rinitarians  have  five  churches  scattered 
over  the   city;  the   Baptists,  five;   the   Unitarians,  Uni- 


CENTER    CHURCH. 


versalists,  Episcopalians,  Methodists,  and  Roman  Cath- 
olics, two  each;  and  the  rest  one.  Some  of  these 
edifices  are  remarkable  for  beauty  and  adaptedness. 

The   present  church  edifice  of  the  First   Parish  was 
built  in  1847  to  replace  one  that  was  destroyed  by  fire 


96  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

on  the  first  day  of  January  of  that  year.  When  built  it 
was  placed  with  the  front  to  the  south,  but  in  1884  the 
structure  was  raised,  enlari^ed,  and  turned  to  face  the 
east.  At  that  time  a  laroe  and  commodious  vestr}^  was 
constructed  underneath,  an  addition  made  to  the  rear, 
making  room  for  the  organ  and  choir,  the  old  win- 
d(nvs  were  replaced  by  rich  and  tasteful  designs  in 
cathedral  glass,  the  interior  was  frescoed  in  agreeable 
colors,  and  the  exterior  painted  in  color  similar  to  the 
old  red  sandstone.  The  audience  room  has  a  seating 
capacity  of  about  500.  The  vestry  beneath,  which  has 
assumed  the  name  of  Unity  Hall,  will  accommodate 
something  more  thrin  300.  Both  rooms  are  light  and 
airv,  and  fm-nish  a  comenient  and  desirable  church 
home  for  the  men  and  women  who  worship  there. 
The  church  is  situated  on  the  corner  of  Main  Street  and 
Crescent  Place,  immediately  in  iVont  of  the  foot  of 
Summer  Street.  The  present  pastor  began  his  labors 
with  the  parish  in  October  of  188  [,  and  a  good  degree 
of  prosperit^■  has  attended  the  endeavors  of  the  people. 
Their  hope  is  to  make  religion  a  practical  application 
ot  the  i^rinciples  of  human  brotherhood  to  the  social 
and  business  affairs  of  daily  life,  in  the  belief  that  in- 
tegrity and  sincere  manliness  are  the  foundations  of  all 
success. 

The  Center  church  is  located  on  Main  Street  direct- 
1}'  opposite  the  City  Hall.  The  edifice  was  completed 
and  dedicated  on  December  17,  1834.  It  originall}' 
varied  alike  in  appearance  and  arrangement  from  the 
present  structure.  The  entrance  was  adorned  b}'  two 
massive  pillars,  ""  one   on   the   right   hand,  the  other  on 


ORGANIZED    ACTIVITY. 


97 


the  left,''  in  iniitJition  of  those  ;it  the  entrance  of  Solo- 
mon's temple  at  Jerusalem.  The  ,o;ahle  was  orna- 
mented  b\-   belfrv   and    spire.      In    1.S59  the   old   "gallery 


NORTH    LllLKeli. 


was  torn  down,  and  the  walls  were  tinishcd  in  imitation 
of  heavy  stone  w^ork.  The  auditorium  was  enlarged  in 
order  to  make  room   for  additional  pews.     The  tower 


98  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

and  spire  were  built  at  this  time.  The  chiireh  was  re- 
dedicated  January  27,  i860.  In  1878  the  interior  of 
the  church  was  again  remodeled.  The  entire  building 
was  raised  for  the  purpose  of  constructing  in  the 
basement  a  lecture-room,  dining-room,  ladies'  parlor, 
kitchen,  and  library.  A  galler)'  was  built  across  the 
western  end  of  the  auditorium,  a  new  pulpit  was  fur- 
nished, and  the  walls  and  ceilings  were  appropriately 
frescoed  at  a  cost  of  nine  thousand  dollars.  The  pas- 
tors of  the  church  have  been:  The  Rev.  Joseph  Whit- 
tlesey, installed  Aug.  28,  1833;  the  Rev.  Edward  A. 
Lawrence,  D.  D.,  installed  May  4,  1839;  the  Rev. 
•Benjamin  F.  Hosford,  installed  May  21,  1845;  the  Rev. 
Theodore  T.  Munger,  D.  D.,  installed  Jan.  6,  1864;  the 
Rev.  Charles  M.  Hyde,  D.  D.,  installed  Nov.  15,  1870; 
the  Rev.  Henry  E.  Barnes,  D.  D.,  installed  Nov.  21,, 
1876,  and  the  present  pastor,  the  Rev.  Edwin  C.  Hol- 
man,  installed  Dec.  15,  1886. 

The  corner-stone  of  the  North  church,  a  substan- 
tial wooden  edifice  erected  by  a  society  which  was  an 
otishoot  from  that  connected  with  the  Center  Church, 
was  laid  July  20,  1859,  at  the  corner  of  Main  and 
White  streets,  at  the  top  of  the  hill  which  there  rises 
from  the  river  with  a  pretty  steep  ascent.  It  was  dedi- 
cated Feb.  21,  i860.  It  is  ninety  feet  long  and  sixty 
feet  wide,  containing  one  hundred  and  thirty-two  pews, 
with  a  seating  capacity  of  about  seven  hundred.  It 
has  in  the  basement  a  chapel,  with  parlor,  kitchen,  and 
smaller  rooms;  is  finished  with  a  tower,  belfry,  and 
spire,  with  a  clock  given  in  large  part  by  residents  of 
the  neighborhood,  and  cost  about  $30,000.     The   first 


lOO  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

pastor,  the  Rev.  Raymond  H.  Seeley,  D.  D.,  remained 
with  the  eliureh  from  his  instalhition  in  i860  until  his 
himented  death  in  1885,  when  the  Rev.  Nehemiah 
Boynton,  who  had  been  installed  as  associate  pastor  the 
previous  year,  assumed  the  pastorate.  The  latter  re- 
signed in  1888,  and  in  1889  the  Rev.  James  W.  Bixler 
was  chosen  his  successor.  The  church  has  a  member- 
ship of  about  live  hundred,  the  Sunday-school  of  about 
six  hundred;  and  the  atiairs  of  the  society  are  in  a 
very  flourishing  condition. 

Trinitv  church  was  organized  October  8,  1855,  and 
the  Rev.  W.  C.  Brown  was  its  tirst  rector.  The  cor- 
ner-stone of  the  present  building,  on  White  Street,  was 
laid  May  15,  1856,  and  the  first  service  in  the  com- 
pleted churcli  was  held  on  Christmas  of  that  year.  It 
was  consecrated  Jan.  7,  1857,  by  Bishop  Eastburn. 
Upon  Mr.  Brown's  resignation  in  1858,  the  Rev. 
Charles  II.  Seymour  became  the  rector.  In  1865  an 
addition  was  made  on  the  southerly  side  of  the  build- 
ing, increasing  the  seating  capacity  to  500.  Mr.  Sey- 
mour resigned  his  position  in  1868  and  in  July  of  that 
year  the  Rev.  S.  C.  Thrall  succeeded  him.  In  1869, 
by  the  exertions  of  the  parish,  with  generous  aid  from 
citizens  of  the  town  and  liberal  donations  from  friends 
of  the  church  abroad,  a  chime  of  bells  was  placed  in 
the  church  tower,  being  at  that  time  and  for  some  years 
after  the  only  chime  of  bells  in  Essex  County.  Dr. 
Thrall  resigned  in  1871  and  was  succeeded  in  1872  by 
the  Rev.  Charles  A.  Rand.  In  1880,  the  twenty-fifth 
anniversary  of  the  tbrmation  of  the  parish  was  cele- 
brated by  a  convention  of  the  bishops  and  clergy  of  the 


ORGANIZED    ACTIVITY. 


lOI 


diocese,  and  about  a  thousand  dollars  was  expended  in 
iniprovintjj  and  beautifying  the  church.  Mr.  Rand's 
death    in    1884,  by   the   wrecking  of  the   steamship   on 


FIRST    BAPTIST    CHURCH. 


which  he  was  journe3nng  to  Florida,  ended  a  pastorate 
of  twelve  years  and  deprived  the  parish  of  a  faithful 
and  beloved  teacher.     In    1885,  the  present  rector,  the 


I02  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

Rev.  Diuid  }.  Ayers,  assumed  the  pastoral  charge. 
Man}'  improvements  ha\e  been  made  during  the  past 
few  years.  A  rectory  (the  bequest  of  a  former  parish- 
ioner) has  been  added  to  the  property  of  the  church; 
a  new  organ  has  been  phiced  in  the  chancel;  an  elabo- 
rate and  costly  font,  a  rood  screen,  a  pulpit,  a  chancel 
rail,  and  many  other  beautiful  gifts  ha\e  added  greatly 
to  the  beauty  of  the  interior  and  to  the  convenience  of 
worship. 

After  building  three  meeting-houses  on  Merrimack 
Street,  the  First  Baptist  Religious  Society  erected  its 
present  commodious  and  attracti\e  home  on  Main 
Street  in  the  year  1883.  This  church  editice  may  be 
classed  with  the  largest  of  the  state,  the  place  covering 
about  fourteen  thousand  square  feet  of  land.  The 
building  is  divided  in  plan  into  entrance  porches  and 
tower,  auditorium,  choir,  and  chapel.  The  tower  is 
nineteen  feet  square  at  the  base  and  rises  one  hundred 
and  forty  feet.  The  auditorium  seats  comfortabl}-  one 
thousand  persons.  With  its  rose  windows,  immense 
chandeliers,  and  large  organ,  this  is  one  of  the  most 
beautiful  houses  of  worship  in  New  England.  The 
whole  property,  including  land  and  parsonage  on  New- 
comb  Street,  has  a  value  of  $100,000.  The  twentv- 
three  members  who  constituted  this  church  in  1765 
have  increased  to  four  hundred  in  1889. 

The  first  Universalist  church  edifice  in  Haverhill 
was  built  in  1825  and  dedicated  the  thirtieth  of 
November  of  that  year.  The  dedicatory  sermon  was 
preached  by  the  Rev.  Hosea  Ballou,  and  the  prayer  of 
dedication  was  made  by  the  Rev.  Thomas  AVhittemore. 


*5i^-^A^il 


limm 


FIRST    UNIVERSAL  I  ST  CHURCH. 


I04  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

The  building  was  of  brick,  40  feet  in  width  by  55  feet 
in  length.  A  steeple,  heating-  aparatus,  and  bell  were 
provided  some  years  later.  The  present  edifice  was 
erected  in  1855.  It  is  of  wood,  48  feet  by  75  feet  in 
dimension,  and  is  located  on  the  site  of  the  old  church 
on  Summer  Street,  corner  of  Bartlett  Avenue.  It  has  a 
seating-  capacit\-  of  aboiit  live  hundred.  Some  years 
a^-o  a  chapel  was  built  beneath  the  church,  and  the 
audience  room  has  been  several  times  extensively 
renovated.  A  large  and  tine  organ  is  now  located  on 
the  right  of  the  pulpit.  The  church  has  had  fourteen 
pastors,  the  longest  pastorate  being  that  of  the  Rev. 
Calvin  Damon,  who,  in  two  settlements,  served  the 
church  tor  nineteen  years.  The  present  pastor  is  the 
Rev.  J.  C.  Snow,  D.  D.,  who  was  called  to  the  charge 
of  the  church  in  November,  1882,  and  entered  upon  his 
duties  the  following  January.  The  congregation  is  of 
good  size  and  embraces  members  of  the  prominent  and 
influential  families  of  the  city. 

In  the  fall  of  1884  was  laid  the  corner-stone  of 
St.  James'  Roman  Catholic  church.  This  structure, 
built  in  the  conventional  Gothic  style  of  architecture,  is 
175  feet  long  and  75  feet  wide,  with  a  seating  capacity 
sutficient  to  accommodate  1400  people.  Its  steeple  is 
215  feet  in  height.  The  cost  of  this  building  when 
completed,  which  happy  result  it  is  expected  will  be 
reached  within  two  years,  will  be  $130,000.  The 
whole  edifice  is  pronounced  by  competent  judges  to  be 
one  of  the  finest  pieces  of  architectural  church  work  in 
New  England.  In  addition  to  this  there  are  connect- 
ed   with  the   parish   a   parochial   residence,    a   convent, 


ST.   JAMES     ROMAN    CATHOLIC    CHURCH. 


io6  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 


and  a  parochial  school,  all  three  possessing  latest 
modern  improvements.  The  school  building  contains 
1 6  class-rooms,  with  accommodations  for  900  children. 
The  above  furnish  sufficient  evidence,  were  such  evi- 
dence needed,  not  only  of  the  concord  and  harmony 
existing  between  the  pastor  of  St.  James'  Church,  the 
Rev.  James  O'Doherty,  and  his  people,  but  also  of  the 
sobriety  of  the  people,  their  faithfulness  to  their  em- 
ployers, their  steadiness  at  work,  and  their  econom}', 
in  being  able  to  accomplish  all  this  without  any  per- 
ceptible decrease  in  their  savings. 

There  is  something  about  the  air  and  the  soil  of 
these  frontier  settlements  that  breeds  men,  even  if  the 
reluctant  clearings  are  churlishly  irresponsive  to  the 
farmers  hand.  Here  in  Flavcrhill,  however,  the  land 
was  fertile  both  in  crops  and  in  men.  At  a  time  when 
the  clergy  held  the  hrst  place  in  the  esteem  of  men, 
ruled  over  their  parishes  with  a  swav  more  or  less 
autocratic,  and  walked  out  of  church  at  the  head  of 
their  tiocks,  who  waited  in  patient  reverence  until  the 
lordly  cleric  had  passed  b}',  HaverhilTs  divines  ranked 
with  the  best;  and  there  have  not  been  wanting  those 
since  whose  fame  has  not  been  limited  to  Haverhill  or 
its  vicinity  and  among  whom  it  would  be  invidious  to 
particularize.  There  are  now  in  Haverhill  about 
thirt}'  of  each  of  the  three  learned  professions. 

In  the  colonial  and  provincial  time  the  most  im- 
portant family,  however,  was  that  of  the  Saltonstalls, 
whose  intellect  and  capacity  made  them  conspicuous 
among  their  townsmen,  and  whose  descendents,  near  or 
remote,  have  well  preserved  the  traditional  reputation 


Io8  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

here  and  elsewhere.  With  the  Revolution,  however, 
eamc  wider  opportunities  and  greater  necessities.  The 
times  made  men.  For  this  war,  as  for  all  the  others, 
Haverhill  furnished  its  full  share  of  the  rank  and  file 
and  also  men  of  the  requisite  stuff  for  higher  duties.  Its 
sons  contributed  to  the  roll  of  commissioned  oliicers 
one  colonel  and  four  brigadier-generals  of  the  Revolu- 
tionar}'  army,  the  chief  medical  officer  of  the  United 
States  Army  at  the  close  of  the  Revolution,  a  briga- 
dier-general of  the  war  of  1812,  and  another  general, 
"the  most  conspicuous  soldier  of  Massachusetts"  in 
the  late  war,  himself  grandson  of  one  of  HaverhilTs 
most  eminent  men,  Bailey  Bartlett,  for  forty-one  years 
hio-h  sheriff  of  Essex  and  four  years  a  representative  to 
the  Congress  of  the  United  States.  Later  Haverhill 
sent  to  Washington  another  representative  for  four 
years,  James  H.  Duncan;  and  the  present  United 
States  senator  from  Kansas  and  president  of  the  Senate 
is  considered  in  Haverhill  as  properly  one  of  its  sons. 

In  other  walks  of  life,  however,  the  natives  of 
Haverhill  have  sought  and  found  distinction.  Among 
them  have  been  Daniel  Appleton,  founder  of  the  well- 
known  publishing  house  of  D.  Appleton  and  Company; 
Benjamin  Greenleaf,  excellent  mathematician  and  au- 
thor of  a  series  of  widely  used  mathematical  text-books; 
Harriet  Newell,  one  of  the  pioneers  in  the  establish- 
ment of  the  missionary  system  in  India  and  whose  sad 
death  at  the  age  of  nineteen  hallows  her  memor}-. 
Haverhill's  most  distinguished  scholar  was  undoubted- 
ly Charles  Short,  at  one  time  president  of  Kenyon  Col- 
lege, Ohio,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death  professor  of  the 


l_x 


^Im^hi^" 


jimin.iininwW''''"" 


iqgmnmfniniiciii 


PUBLIC    J.I15RAKV. 


iiO  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

Latin    language    and    literature  at    Columbia    College, 
New  York. 

The  most  distinguished  native  of  Haverhill  is  the 
poet  John  Grcenleaf  Whittier,  who,  horn  in  a  low- 
roofed  farm-house,  now  two  hundred  }ears  old,  in  the 
eastern  parish  of  the  town  in  1807,  spent  here  also  his 
youth  and  earl\-  manhood.  He  worked  on  his  father's 
farm,  o-ot  the  usual  sehooling  of  the  eountrv  bov  in  the 
district  where  he  lived,  and,  later,  supplemented  this 
scanty  education  b}-  attendance  upon  the  Haxerhill 
Academv,  where  he  himself  afterwards  taught.  He 
edited  one  of  the  Haverhill  papers  for  a  time  and  then 
departed  for  a  wider  field  of  usefulness.  To  the  home 
of  his  bovhood  his  heart  has  always  turned.  His  poems 
breathe  the  air  of  Essex,  and  paint  its  landscape,  its 
home  life,  its  traditions.  His  birthplace,  the  Mecca  to 
which  the  steps  of  reverent  pilgrims  turn  each  year, 
has  been  celebrated  by  himself  in  ""  Snow-Bound."  It  is 
in  itself  the  simplest  of  natural  scenes,  not  unfitting  the 
simple  nature  of  the  man,  a  low  and  rude  house  stand- 
ing near  the  road-side,  where  the  stage-road  to  Ames- 
bur\'  is  intersected  b\'  a  cross-road.  He  describes  the 
familiar  scene  as  "the  old  farm-house  nestling  in  its 
vallev,  hills  stretching  off  to  the  south  and  green 
meadows  to  the  east;  the  small  stream  which  came 
noisilv  down  its  ravine,  washing  the  old  garden  wall, 
and  softlv  lapping  on  fallen  stones  and  moss}'  roots  of 
beeches  and  hemlocks;  the  tall  sentinel  poplars  at  the 
gatewa}';  the  oak  forest,  sweeping  unbroken  to  the 
northern  horizon;  the  grass-grown  carriage-path,  with 
its  rude  and  crazy  bridge." 


RESIDENCE    OF    MR.   J.  H.  WINCHELL. 


112  HAVERHILL,  MASSACHUSETTS. 

The  spot  is  even  now  secluded  and  peaceful,  but 
far  more  lonely  in  his  day,  when  it  was  scarce  visited 
but  by  the  weekly  stage.  Here,  however,  were  formed 
the  purity  of  soul,  the  unselfishness,  the  regard  for 
principle,  the  love  of  freedom,  and  the  carelessness  of 
personal  consequences  that  have  marked  his  career. 
Here,  also,  he  fellowshiped  with  the  musk-rat  and  the 
squirrel,  learned  the  sources  of  the  brooks  and  their 
pathway's  to  the  river,  drank  in  the  "  old  wives'  tales  " 
of  the  neighborhood,  and  thus,  in  unconsciousness, 
wrapped  the  mantle  of  the  poet  around  him.  In  his 
own  words,  — 

"  I  was  rich  in  Bowers  and  trees, 
Humming-birds  and  honey-bees; 
For  my  sport  the  squirrel  played, 
Plied  the  snouted  mole  his  spade; 
For  m\  taste  the  blackberry  cone 
Piu'pled  over  hedge  and  stone; 
Laughed  the  brook  for  m}'  delight. 
Through  the  da}-  and  through  the  night. 
Whispering  at  the  garden  wall. 
Talked  with  me  from  fall  to  fdl; 
Mine  the  sand-rimmed  pickerel  pond. 
Mine  the  walnut  slopes  be3'ond. 
Mine,  on  bending  orchard  trees, 
Apples  of  Flesperides!  " 

Whittier,  though  now  a  resident  of  Danvers  or 
Amesbury,  is  beloved  and  revered  in  the  city  of  his 
birth,  where  a  club,  formed  in  his  honor,  delights  in 
remembering  annually  his  birthday  with  some  token  of 
their  regard. 


ESTATE    OF    THE    LA'J'E    C.   D.  HUNKIXG. 


114  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

Of  its  public  library  Haverhill  is,  and  may  well  be, 
proud.  It  is  a  perpetual  monument  to  the  liberality  of 
its  founder,  the  late  E.  J.  M.  Hale,  who  gave  to  the 
city  the  lot  on  which  it  stands,  half  the  cost  of  the 
buildino-,  a  legacy  oi'  a  hundred  thousand  dollars,  and 
other  sums  at  various  times,  making  a  total  ot  $174,- 
c;oo.  To  this  has  recently  been  added  a  legacy  of 
$15,000  from  one  of  the  trustees,  lately  deceased.  In 
this  institution  were  naturally  absorbed  the  books  of  the 
Haverhill  Library  Association,  which  had  hitherto  en- 
deavored to  supply  the  public  need  for  reading  matter. 
Its  elegant  and  commodious  building  was  erected  in  an 
excellent  location,  in  1875,  at  a  cost  of  $50,000,  by  a 
Haverhill  builder,  after  the  plans  and  under  the  super- 
vision of  a  Haverhill  architect.  It  is  built  of  brick, 
having  a  frontage  of  se\enty-two  feet  and  a  depth  of 
lifty-five,  with  three  stories,  respectively  twelve,  sixteen, 
and  twent}^  feet  high.  The  ample  basement  is  de\'oted 
to  the  reception  and  storage  of  books,  etc.;  on  the 
eastern  side,  the  upper  stories  are  occupied  by  the  cir- 
culating library  and  reading-room;  while  on  the  west- 
ern side,  the  space  of  both  stories  is  converted  into  two 
lofty  halls,  broken  only  by  galleries,  and  used,  one  for 
the  distribution  of  books  and  one  for  a  reference  libra- 
ry. The  walls  and  ceilings  are  beautifulh'  frescoed, 
and  the  rooms  and  halls  are  adorned  with  abundant 
pictures  and  busts,  including  one  of  the  only  two  casts 
of  Houdon's  Washington  after  the  original  statue,  a 
bust  and  an  oil  painting  of  Whittier,  and  many  classic 
engravings. 


Il6  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

The  library  contains  45,000  volumes  and  loaned  in 
1888,  58,132  books,  or  an  average  of  209  a  day.  The 
reading-room  contains  eighty-six  newspapers,  periodi- 
cals, and  reviews,  daily,  weekly,  monthly,  and  quar- 
terlv,  and  atibrds  abundant  opportunities  to  the  student 
ot'  contemporarv  literature.  The  books  in  the  refer- 
ence library  ha\  e  been  selected  with  unusual  care  and 
are  especially  rich  in  the  department  of  art.  At  the 
opening  of  the  library,  it  was  intrusted  b}-  the  trustees 
to  a  gentleman  of  \on^^  experience  in  the  public  library 
of  Boston,  who  has  ever  since  continued  in  charge. 
The  onh'  condition  imposed  upon  the  cit\'  bv  the 
Ibunder  was  that  the  city  should  meet  the  current 
expenses,  and  a  large  part  of  these  are  defrayed  by  the 
interest  of  a  subsequent  legacy  from  the  founder,  so 
that  the  annual  cost  to  the  city  is  but  a  trifling  sum. 
It  is,  and  is  meant  to  be,  of  use  to  the  student,  the 
artist,  the  mechanic,  and  the  casual  reader;  and  it  is 
an  important  factor  in  the  social,  educational,  and 
literary  growth  of  the  citv.  It  is  not  unlikelv,  that 
manv  of  the  social  and  literarv  clubs,  tor  whose  num- 
ber Haverhill  is  celebrated,  owe,  if  not  their  origin, 
the  stimulus  of  their  later  growth  and  success,  to  the 
opportunities  aftbrded  by  this  library.  Its  facilities,  for 
a  city  of  this  size,  cannot  be  surpassed,  or  its  value 
over-estimated. 

Haverhill  is  a  city  in  which  the  average  man 
appears  to  good  advantage  and  in  which  the  extremes 
of  riches  and  poverty  do  not  abound.  Poverty  and 
riches  exist,  but  not  in  the  marked  antithesis  that  ob- 
tains  in   some    communities.       Being    thus   a  place   in 


Il8  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

which  there  are  many  *"''  well-to-do ''  but  lew  of  the 
very  rich  or  the  very  poor,  it  is  essentially  a  demo- 
cratic city,  where  equality  obtains  without  the  need  of 
offensive  self-assertion.  Many  of  its  wealthy  men  have 
themselves  worked,  at  the  bench  or  elsewhere,  and 
attained  riches  and  position  b}'  their  own  exertions, 
and  are  thus  naturally  in  touch  with  those  who  are 
likely,  later  on,  to  come  from  the  same  bench  to  take 
their  places.  It  follows,  therefore,  that  there  are  com- 
paratively few  residences  conspicuous  among  their 
fellows  for  lavish  architecture  or  luxurious  adornment, 
although  some  of  the  less  pretentious  are  noteworth}- 
for  the  evidence  of  an  artistic  sense  and  a  trained  taste 
in  their  furnishing.  The  stranger  within  Haverhill's 
gates  is,  however,  alwa3's  taken  to  drive  through 
'"''  Birchbrow,"  the  estate  of  Mr.  Thomas  Sanders,  the 
present  president  of  the  Board  of  Trade,  and  to  "  Win- 
nikenni  Hall,"  until  recently  owned  by  the  late  Dr. 
James  R.  Nichols,  who  came  to  this  city  on  foot,  a 
farmer's  boy,  to  seek  his  fortune,  and  now  the  property 
of  Mr.  William  G.  Webb  of  Salem.  Each  of  these 
charming  homes  rises  from  one  of  Haverhill's  abun- 
dant hills  to  overlook  a  lake,  and  each  bears  witness, 
in  location  and  structure,  to  the  good  taste  of  the 
builder.  Open  to  the  people  of  the  cit}'  by  the  liber- 
ality of  their  owners,  their  grounds  are  practically  pub- 
lic parks,  their  four  or  five  miles  of  roads  affording  a 
various  landscape  of  hill,  valley,  and  lake.  Among  resi- 
dences less  removed  from  the  more  compact  part  of  the 
city,  but  illustrative  of  comfortable  dwellings  and  the 
home-building  spirit  of  the  people,  are  those   of  Mr. 


I20  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

James  H.  Winchell,  at  the  corner  of  Pleasant  and  Pecker 
Streets,  in  the  older  part  of  the  city;  of  the  Flunking 
estate,  on  the  main  avenue  leading  northward  from  the 
bridge,  and  of  Mr.  C.  W.  Arnold,  some  half  mile  be- 
yond; of  Mr.  S.  Porter  Gardner,  recently  erected  on  a 
very  sightly  elevation  on  the  ''  Highlands;"  of  Mr.  Jared 
M.  Davis,  in  the  thriving  and  finely  located  village  of 
"  Riverside." 

Haverhill,  though  not,  as  was  said  above,  one  of 
the  places  "  where  wealth  accumulates  and  men  de- 
cay," has  yet  some  poor  and  unfortunate,  and,  having 
the  occasion,  has  also  the  willingness  and  the  capacity 
to  provide  for  them.  The  Female  Benevolent  Society, 
which  came  into  being  soon  after  the  war  of  1812,  has 
ever  since  been  active  in  measures  of  relief  for  the 
needy  and  is  still  cordially  supported  as  one  of  the 
institutions  of  the  city  as  well  as  for  the  good  its  more 
than  three  hundred  members  accomplish. 

There  was  begun  in  1858  a  societ}^  since  merged 
in  the  Old  Ladies'  Home  Association,  which  was 
designed  to  provide  for  such  women  as  might  need  it 
a  home  for  their  declining  years.  A  commodious 
building,  easy  of  access,  was  built  for  the  purpose  in 
1876  at  a  cost  of  ten  thousand  dollars,  and  has  since 
afforded  a  comfortable  retreat  for  many  worthy 
women.  The  society  has  funds  to  the  amount  of 
nearly  thirt}'  thousand  dollars,  exclusive   of  the   Home. 

The  Children's  Aid  Society  was  the  outgrowth  of  a 
disposition  among  some  of  the  benevolent  women  of 
the  city  to  provide  destitute  children  with  the  care  and 
comfort  of  home,  whose  plans  were  brought  to  a  head 


122  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

by  its  formation  in  1865.  It  was  not,  however,  until 
187 1  that  a  building  was  obtained,  to  be  used  for  the 
purpose;  and  this  was  replaced  in  1884  with  a  hand- 
some brick  building  at  a  cost  of  twenty  thousand 
dollars.  The  society,  which  was  formed  and  is  man- 
aged b}^  women,  now  holds  to  its  credit  a  fund  of  over 
fourteen  thousand  five  hundred  dollars,  and  real  estate, 
exclusive  of  the  Home,  valued  at  ten  thousand  dollars. 
It  has  a  hundred  life  members  and  over  three  hundred 
annual  members,  and  maintains  in  its  comfortable 
quarters  over  thirtv-five  children  each  year. 

The  City  Hospital  owes  its  origin  to  the  late  E.  J. 
M.  Hale,  who  left  to  trustees  a  fund  of  fifty  thousand 
dollars  and  a  site  for  a  hospital.  The  trustees  were 
organized  in  1882,  but  no  active  steps  were  taken  until 
five  3'ears  later,  when  another  site  was  presented  to  the 
trustees  by  Mr.  James  H.  Carleton.  The  buildings  on 
it  were  at  once  remodeled  for  hospital  purposes  and 
formally  opened  in  the  last  week  of  1887.  The  hos- 
pital is  managed  by  seven  trustees,  of  whom  the  ma3'or 
of  the  cit}'  is  ex  officio  chairman,  has  an  attending  staft' 
of  six  surireons,  and  a  consultinsj^  stafl' of  five,  and  af- 
fords  accommodations  for  thirty  patients.  Situated  upon 
elevated  land  about  a  mile  from  the  city,  commanding 
a  view  of  two  lakes,  it  is  admirably  adapted  to  aftbrd  to 
its  inmates  cheerful  surroundings  and  abundance  of 
fresh  air.  The  trustees  still  own  the  original  site  given 
them  by  Mr.  Hale  and  derive  the  means  for  the  main- 
tenance of  the  hospital  in  part  from  the  proceeds  of 
their  invested  funds  and  in  part  from  the  contributions 
of  the  charitable,  who   take   a   deep  interest  in  the  hos- 


124  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

pital  as  doing  a  needed  and  practical  work.  Within 
ten  days  of  its  opening  its  accommodations  were  taxed 
to  the  utmost  by  a  terrible  disaster  upon  the  Boston  and 
Maine  railway,  just  across  the  river  from  Haverhill,  by 
which  thirty  persons  were  injured  and  fourteen  lost 
their  lives.  The  hospital  has  cared  for  a  little  over  a 
hundred  patients  during  the  past  year. 

Haverhill  is  remarkable  for  the  number  and  variet}^ 
of  its  clubs,  —  clubs  of  men  and  of  women  and  of  both, 
clubs  for  social,  literary,  scientihc,  religious,  medical, 
legal,  and  culinary  purposes.  If  it  is  hoped  to  further 
a  "  cause,"  to  improve  the  mind,  or  to  pass  an  occa- 
sional pleasant  hour,  a  club  is  formed  to  do  it.  The 
whole  network  of  social  life  is  interwoven  with  clubs. 
Most  noteworthy,  perhaps,  among  them  is  the  Monday 
Evening  Club,  an  association  of  gentlemen  formed  in 
i860,  which  has  included  in  its  membership  many  of 
Haverhill's  foremost  citizens  and  which  has  lost  to-da}' 
none  of  its  prestige.  It  has  set  a  pattern  which  other 
cities  have  copied  with  advantage  in  the  formation  of 
similar  associations,  and  there  is  also  a  second  in 
Haverhill,  the  Fortnightly  Club,  founded  after  its 
fashion.  These  and  like  organizations  serve  as  the 
useful  stimulus  to  study  and  culture  that  every  manu- 
facturing town  is  apt  to  need,  and  keep  lit  the  flame  of 
literature,  early  kindled  here.  During  the  siege  of 
Boston,  some  of  its  well-born  families,  driven  thence, 
found  a  warm  welcome  and  a  happy  refuge  here;  and 
some  staid  on  after  the  siege  was  raised,  thus  increas- 
ing the  number  of  the  cultured.  In  the  early  da3S  of 
the   Revolution,  also,  a  part  of  the   library  of  Harvard 


126  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

College  was  brought  here  for  safe  keeping,  and  it  was 
even  proposed  to  move  the  college  here. 

Among  the  organizations  of  which  sociability  is  the 
more  distinctive  feature  is  the  Kenoza  club,  an  associa- 
tion of  gentlemen,  who  occupy  a  picturesque  spot  on 
the  shore  of  Lake  Kenoza.  There  is  a  grove,  a  house, 
with  conveniences  for  cooking;  and  the  place  aftbrds  a 
pleasant  retreat,  not  too  far  removed,  from  the  noise 
and  dust  of  the  cit}'.  It  is  a  favorite  resort  of  pleasure 
parties  and  is  likely  to  become  more  so,  as  the  mem- 
bers of  the  club  have  in  view  various  projects  for 
increasing  the  attractiveness  of  the  grounds  and  ex- 
tending the  facilities  for  boating  and  fishing. 


CITY    HALL    REBUILT    IN    1 889. 


SlIOKS     AND      SmoKMAKIXCx. 


Years  aij^o,  about  the  bcginnin«^  of  the  iiiiieteentli 
centuiy,  when  Haverhill  laid  oti'  its  s\va(ldlin«i;--e]()thes 
as  a  village  and  assumed  the  dignity  ot"  a  town,  it  was 
noteworthy  as  a  market-place.  On  the  bright  summer 
days  the  principal  street  of  the  place  was  filled  with 
the  wagons  of  the  t'armers  who  came  in  from  New 
Hampshire,  and  even  trom  the  far  oti'  hills  of  the 
Green  Mountain  state,  to  exchange  their  produce  for 
other  necessities  of  life;  and  it  was  from  this  that  the 
shoe  business,  as  a  business,  had  its  oriain.  Throuofh- 
out  all  the  little  hamlets  that  are  scattered  over  the 
granite  hills  of  New  Hampshire  could  in  those  days, 
and  can  even  now,  be  found  little  shops  of  one  room 
each,  in  which  the  sturdy  tarmers  eked  out  the  exist- 
ence which  they  with  difficulty  maintained  upon  their 
scanty  farms.  Throughout  the  winter  months  these 
workmen  toiled  over  the  lap-stone,  making  the  shoes 
which,  with  the  advent  of  spring,  found  a.  ready  market 


130  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

in  the  town.  The  transition  from  this  state  of  affairs  to 
the  concentration  of  the  business  in  the  town  itself  was 
a  natural  if  somewhat  slow  one. 

The  shoes  thus  made  were  no  sooner  seen  than 
appreciated.  They  were  well  and  honestly  made,  of 
srood  material,  and  for  durability  and  looks  could  not 
be  surpassed  in  any  section  of  the  country.  The 
demand  soon  exceeded  the  supply,  and,  consequently, 
some  effort  must  be  made  to  increase  the  production. 
Moreover,  the  younger  members  of  these  artizans' 
families  were  ambitious.  They  longed  for  some  wider 
field  of  action  and  were  not  satisfied  to  tread  the  paths 
their  fathers  trod,  to  live  confined  within  the  narrow 
circumference  of  their  native  village,  while,  naturally 
enouirh,  there  was  not  room  for  them  within  the  walls 
of  the  old  homestead.  The  ""  town "  otfered  them 
greater  possibilities,  and  it  was  to  the  town  that  their 
steps  naturally  turned.  The  result  was  inevitable. 
Haverhill  shoes  were  in  demand.  By  combining  their 
eflforts,  working  constantly  and  with  system,  with  a 
supply  of  material  afforded  by  increased  capital,  two 
men  could  accomplish,  in  the  town,  what  tour  men 
could  not  do  on  the  isolated  country  farms;  and  thus  it 
was  that  the  first  shoe  manufactory  was  established 
within  the  limits  of  Haverhill  itself. 

But  limited  capital,  comparatively  speaking,  was  re- 
quired. In  those  days  the  jobbers  sought  the  manufact- 
urers and  every  Haverhill  establishment  was  sure  that 
its  products  would  at  once  find  ready  sale.  For  years 
there  was  "  nothing  like  leather,"  and,  although  com- 
petition existed,  although  Haverhill  was  not  alone  in 


SHOES    AND    SHOEMAKING.  I3I 

findin<^  cnit  tlic  ad\anta<jjcs  of  the  trade,  yet  it  can  be 
said  in  all  sincerity  that  the  quality  of  the  work  done 
here  was  (A  a  far  lii^her  older  than  that  done  else- 
where. The  same  characteristics  which  marked  the 
shoes  made  in  spare  time  devoted  to  their  manufacture 
bv  the  farmer  shoemakers  existed  in  the  <i:oods  turned 
out  Ironi  the  manufactories.  They  were  hand-made,  re- 
liable, stylish,  "  tine  "  <^()ods.  GradualK'  tlie  town  j^Tew  ; 
the  immigration  to  it  from  the  surroundin<i^  country 
increased;  new  factories  were  opened;  men  with  no 
other  capital  than  their  sturdy  arms,  inbred  knowled*;e 
of  their  trade,  and  coura^re  started  out  in  business  for 
themsehes,  made  b\  their  own  labor  their  samples, 
and,  when  they  found  a  sale  for  their  goods,  hired 
assistance  as  it  was  needed,  increasinjj:  their  tiicilities 
as  the  business  i^rew.  Then  some  happ\'  genius 
bethought  himsell  that  more  work  could  be  done  if  it 
was  sub-tli\  ided  into  its  natural  dixisions,  il",  instead  of 
one  man  making  the  whole  shoe  in  all  its  details  —  cut- 
ting, sewing,  lasting,  etc.  —  iVom  start  to  completion, 
one  should  devote  himself  wholly  to  cutting  up  the 
stock,  anotlier  to  fitting  it,  and  so  on.  Thus  originated 
the  so  called  "  team  ''  work,  —  live,  six,  or  more  men  w^ho 
banded  themselves  together,  and,  either  as  employers 
or  on  the  co-operative  plan,  were  able  to  do  much  more 
work,  with  lar  greater  comtbrt  and  ease  to  themselves. 
Thus  the  industry  made  a  slow  natural  growth,  ever 
increasino',  but  with  far  iVom  o-iant  strides,  until  the 
great  civil  war  broke  out.  The  impetus  given  to  the 
trade  and  in  fact  to  all  other  trades  by  this  ''  blessing  in 
disguise,"  for,   despite   the   horrors,   sorrow,   and   indi- 


132  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

vicinal  misery  caused  by  it,  it  is  useless  to  deny  that  the 
full  resources  and  possibilities  of  our  country  were 
brought  out  and  marvelously  expanded  by  the  War  of 
the  Rebellion,  is  too  well  known  to  demand  any  ex- 
tended notice  in  an  article  of  this  character. 

The  impulse  thus  given  has,  however,  completely 
revolutionized  the  shoe  business.  The  introduction  of 
machinery  has  enabled  the  production  to  be  enormous- 
ly increased,  while  at  the  same  time  it  has  lowered  its 
cost.  It  has  done  away  entirely  with  the  old  order  of 
things,  "  team  ''  work  no  longer  has  an  existence,  while 
a  successful  manufacturer  of  lifty  or  even  twenty-five 
years  as^o  would  find  himself  entirely  at  a  loss  to  com- 
prehend  or  carry  out  the  various  ramifications  which  are 
now  the  ordinary  details  of  the  trade.  Some  faint  idea 
of  how  the  business  has  o-rown  may  be  o-leaned  from 
the  statement,  that  in  1832  there  were  twenty-eight 
firms  enofao-ed  in  the  manufacture  of  shoes  in  Haver- 
hill;  in  1837,  fortv-two;  while  at  the  present  time 
there  are  fully  two  hundred  firms,  giving  emplo3'ment 
to  fifteen  thousand  operatives,  distributing  annually 
more  than  $2,000,000  in  wages,  and  shipping  each 
year  over  two  hundred  thousand  cases,  the  shipment 
the  past  year  reaching  the  enormous  total  of  250,338 
cases. 

Through  all  the  time,  amid  adversity  and  prosper- 
ity, in  good  years  and  poor  years,  the  city  has  always 
maintained  its  pristine  reputation  for  turning  out  fine 
goods;  and  to-day,  unlike  all  other  shoe  manufacturing 
places  in  the  state,  Haverhill  prides  itself,  not  so  much 
on   turning  out  more   shoes   per  annum  than  any  other 


SHOES    AND    SHOEMAKING.  1 33 

cit\-  in  the  world,  but  on  the  fact  that  the  bulk  of  the 
trade  is  in  ''tine''  goods,  whether  hand  or  machine 
made.  Almost  ever}'  variety  of  leather  foot-wear 
which  the  ingenuity  of  man  can  devise  is  manufactured 
here,  including  men's,  women's,  and  children's  boots, 
shoes,  and  slippers;  and  some  of  these  are  of  the  so 
called  "cheap"  goods.  The  latter  is  comparatively 
a  new  departure,  for,  as  before  stated,  Haverhill  made 
its  reputation  distinctively  on  fine  hand-sewed  goods,  and 
it  was  the  skill  and  artistic  taste  displayed  by  the  lead- 
ing exponents  of  that  art  of  which  St.  Crispin  is  the 
patron  saint  that  caused  the  stead}-  and  rapid  increase 
of  business  and  the  consequent  growth  and  prosperity 
of  the  city.  Everv  device  that  would  add  beauty  to 
the  appearance,  comfort  in  the  wearing,  and  that  inex- 
pressible attribute  that  the  French  call  chic  has  been 
studied  out  and  adopted  by  the  local  manufacturers. 

The  ingenuity  of  that  most  ingenious  race,  the  New 
Eno-land  Yankee,  has  been  taxed  to  the  utmost  under 
the  fierce  heat  of  competition,  and  the  artistic  beauty 
of  manv  of  the  Haverhill  shoes  is  without  equal  in  their 
line,  while  the  talent  and  skill  displayed  by  the  authors 
of  the  various  conceits  could  hardly  have  failed  to  have 
given  their  possessors  fortune  and  reputation,  no  mat- 
ter in  what  line  of  life's  work  exerted.  This,  with  the 
lact  that  the  shoemaker  of  the  type  of  which  Haverhill 
boasts  is  a  practical  mechanic,  being  born  and  bred  to 
the  business,  is  what,  to-day,  makes  New  England's 
shoes  find  a  ready  market  all  over  the  country  and 
prevents  the  industry  from  being  transplanted,  to  any 
great  extent,  to  other  sections  of  the  country.     For  the 


134  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

most  part,  the  men  now  at  the  head  of  the  most  pros- 
perous and  active,  and,  consequently,  largest  manufac- 
tories of  the  city  were  once  day  laborers  at  the  bench, 
and  their  acquaintance  with  the  various  departments  of 
shoemaking  is  a  thoroughly  practical  and  often  a  very 
useful  one,  man}^  a  Haverhill  shoe  manufacturer  step- 
ping in,  in  an  emergency,  and  taking  hold  of  some 
abandoned  department  of  the  work. 

As  the  character  of  the  business  has  changed  so  has 
its  needs,  increased  accommodations  have  been  de- 
manded and  supplied,  and,  as  a  result,  the  visitor  to  the 
once  little  market-town  is  confronted  with  acre  after 
acre  of  handsome  brick  blocks  of  five  and  six  stories 
fitted  up  expressh'to  accommodate  the  business  of  making 
shoes.  To  a  casual  visitor  this  is  the  first  thing  which 
attracts  attention,  and  yet,  should  he  visit  the  suburbs, 
he  would  find  other  manufactories  of  an  even  higher 
grade  as  far  as  convenience  and  adaptability  to  the 
purposes  for  which  they  are  used  is  concerned.  And 
this  brings  up  a  feature  which  Flaverhill  claims,  and 
justly,  will  ensure  the  continued  growth  and  extension 
of  the  business.  In  all  quarters  ol  the  city,  convenient 
of  access,  are  desirable  locations  on  which  can  be 
erected  factories  which  are  just  far  enough  from  retail 
business  life  to  be  cheap  in  rent,  isolated  enough  to 
bring  insurance  to  a  minimum,  and  commodious 
enough  to  furnish  all  possible  accommodations,  while 
at  the  same  time  capitalists  stand  ready  and  willing  to 
build  such  buildings  as  are  wanted. 

The  fact  is,  the  tendency  of  the  times  is  toward 
concentration,  manufacturers   are   realizing    more    and 


SHOES    AND    SHOEMAKING.  1 35 

more  the  almost  \itiil  necessity  of  having  all  their  work 
done  under  their  own  supervision  and  in  their  own 
buildings;  and  it  is  this  that  promises,  most  of  all,  to 
tend  to  the  future  gr(»\vth  ot  tlie  shoe  business  in 
IIa\eihill  and  of  the  city  itself",  since  it  promises  to 
weaken  the  torce  of  two  competitors  that  have  con- 
Ironted  it  in  the  j~)ast,  —  the  country  factorv  and  the 
country  workman.  At  the  present  time,  the  ten  acres 
of  closeK'  crowded  brick  blocks,  the  isolated  factories 
scattered  through  the  suburbs,  represent  but  a  part  of 
the  shoe  industry  of  the  cit\';  and  any  sketch  of  that 
would  be  incomplete  did  it  fail  to  mention  the  fact  that 
a  large  proportion  of  the  shoes  sold  by  Haverhill 
manufacturers  were  made  outside  the  city  limits.  The 
same  casual  obser\er,  if  he  continued  to  inspect  the 
city,  could  not  tliil  to  notice,  drawn  up  before  a  factory 
door,  a  huge  express  wagon,  attached  to  which  are 
four  horses,  and  loaded  down  with  shoe-boxes.  The 
team  is  that  of  a  "  freighter,"'  so  called,  and  it  is  receiv- 
ing boxes  of  unfinished  shoes,  to  be  carried  to  some 
country  town  in  New  Hampshire  to  be  made  up  in 
just  the  same  manner  and  in,  perhaps,  just  the  same 
kind  of  shops  and  by  the  same  class  of  workmen  as 
were  mentioned  in  the  earlier  pages  of  this  article,  in 
recounting  the  origin  of  the  shoe  business  in  Haverhill. 
There  are  some  fifteen  or  twenty  of  these  freighters, 
making  trips  to  the  city  daily  or  several  times  a  week, 
covering  distances  of  ten,  twenty,  fort}',  and  even 
sixty  miles,  and  in  every  little  hamlet  through  which 
they  pass  leaving  materials  to  be  made  up  into  shoes, 
on  their  homeward  trip,  and  taking  away  the  finished 


136  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

shoes  on  the  joui'ney  to  Haverhill.  This  business, 
while  it  has  long  outlasted  its  fellow,  the  old-fashioned 
stage  line,  is  rapidly  losing  its  eomparative  importance. 
"The  mountain  will  not  go  to  Mahomet,  so  Mahomet 
must  <ro  to  the  mountain ;"  and  the  relative  decrease  in 
the  freighting  of  shoes  means,  that  the  workmen  are 
coming  to  the  city,  and  that,  under  the  present  compe- 
tition, the  cheapest  and  best  work  is  done  directly 
under  the  eye  of  the  manufacturer. 

There  have  been  in  Haverhill,  and  are  even  now, 
occasional  desertions  from  the  ranks  of  the  manufact- 
urers by  those  whose  energy  and  ambition  hope  to 
find  elsewhere  better  fields  for  the  display  of  these 
qualities,  who  look  for  less  embarrassments,  larger  op- 
portunities, more  compliant  workmen,  and  who  expect 
better  returns  for  their  invested  capital,  elsewhere  than 
in  Haverhill.  But  they  look  in  vain.  The  endeavor  is 
as  futile  as  to  stem  the  natural  current  of  population 
city-ward.  The  same  tendency  which  settles  half  of 
our  inhabitants  in  cities  has  its  influence  in  determining  the 
centers  of  manufacture,  and  they  who  oppose  it  strive 
in  vain.  The  early  shoemaker,  as  has  been  said,  was 
the  owner  of  a  farm,  the  possessor  of  land,  who  supple- 
mented the  rewards  of  this  calling  by  the  proceeds  of 
another  and  whose  attachment  to  and  ownership  of  his 
home  determined  his  permanent  residence  there. 
With  the  great  increase  in  demand  and  production 
of  goods,  and  the  necessary  multiplication  of  workmen, 
arose  a  proportionate  number  of  shoemakers  who  had 
no  homes  of  their  own  until  in  later  years  their  ac- 
cumulated   wages    supplied    them.       These     naturally 


SHOES    AND    SHOEMAKING.  1^7 

drifted  to  the  city,  where  work  was  more  likely  to  be 
plenty  and  permanent,  where  boarding-places  abounded, 
and  where  the  opportunities  of  a  city  offered  what 
would  be  to  them  allurin<r  advantages.  Thus,  in  the 
nature  ol"  thinj^s,  the  city  throve  at  the  expense  of  the 
countr}'. 

This  is  not,  however,  the  only  or  the  main  reason 
lor  ILuerhill's  growth.  It  is  a  familiar  maxim  that 
^'  nothing  succeeds  like  success,"  and,  it  ha\ing  once 
been  known  and  understood  that  IIa\"erhill  was  a 
center  for  the  manufacture  of  "  fine  "  goods,  the  best 
workmen,  when  in  search  of  employment,  turned  their 
steps  hither,  expecting  to  find  work  and  wages  propor- 
tioned to  their  skill.  The  custom,  once  formed,  always 
obtained.  And  thus,  as  the  great  corporations  of  Man- 
chester, Lowell,  Fall  River,  can  make  cottons  and 
woolens  to  the  best  advantage;  as  the  carriage-builder 
of  Amesbur}'  and  Merrimac  can  make  the  same  vehicle 
cheaper  than  his  competitors  in  places  where  carriage- 
making  is  not  the  main  industry;  as,  in  general,  the 
best  results  are  obtained  at  the  lowest  cost  where 
skilled  labor  natural!}'  congregates;  so  in  Haverhill  the 
maker  of  shoes  can  turn  stock  into  manufactured  goods 
better  and  cheaper  here  because  the  skilled  workmen 
are  drawn  to  his  factory  b}'  a  natural  law.  The  con- 
centration of  skilled  labor  at  certain  points,  in  obedi- 
ence to  forces  that  cannot  always  be  defined,  but  which 
can  never  be  successfully  opposed,  has  made  possible 
the  origin  and  growth  of  the  industrial  centers  of  New 
England. 


138  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

The  business  of  shoemaking-  once  well  established 
here,  the  dictates  of  convenience,  economy,  and  good 
business  management  alike  suggest  to  the  manufacturer 
the  advantage  of  pursuing  it  in  Haverhill.  If  a  man 
falls  sick,  another  skilled  workman,  not  a  mere  stop- 
gap, is  ready  to  take  his  place  to  carry  on  his  familiar 
work.  Does  the  machinery  break  down,  other  manu- 
facturers are  ready  to  lend,  or  the  broken  pieces  can  be 
supplied  from  neighboring  stores  at  a  moment's  notice. 
If  a  shortage  arises  in  one  or  another  of  the  various 
odds  and  ends  that  enter  into  the  making  of  a  shoe,  all 
of  them  can  be  had  at  once  from  the  stock  dealer  who 
finds  his  opportunity  in  the  aggregation  of  manufact- 
urers and  the  consequent  demand  for  material.  Nor 
is  the  gain  in  convenience  alone  in  the  proximit}^  of  the 
stock  dealer.  The  manufacturer,  being  on  the  spot 
and  forced  to  buy  only  according  to  his  present  need, 
can  take  advantage  of  the  market,  while  he  who  lives 
at  a  distance  must  carry  a  stock  much  of  the  time 
needlessU'  large  or  run  the  risk  of  coming  short  at  an 
inconvenient  season. 

The  banks,  too,  preferring  to  lend  money  to  the  cit}' 
manufacturer,  favor  him  by  lending  to  him  at  lower  rates 
than  to  his  competitor  in  the  country.  The  railway  is 
at  his  door.  The  capital  of  the  state,  where  the  buyers 
of  shoes  gather  from  all  over  the  countr}-,  is  but  an 
hours  ride;  and  the  intercourse  of  maker  and  buyer  is 
therefore  easily  had,  common,  frequent.  When,  there- 
fore, one  stops  to  consider  the  distance  of  the  countr}' 
manufacturer  from  the  abnndance  of  skilled  workmen 
and     from    his    source    of  supplies,  the    wear   and   tear 


SHOES    AND    SHOEMAKING.  1 39 

in\()lvctl  in  the  carriage  of  goods,  the  extra  travel  and 
inconvenience  occasioned  by  the  distance  Irom  the 
centers  of  trade,  and  the  bahmce  of  the  interest  account 
against  him,  it  is  small  wonder,  that,  while  the  \ast 
increase  in  manullicture  has  been  evident  both  in  city 
and  country,  the  far  greater  proportionate  increase  has 
been,  and  is  likeh'  to  be,  in  the  former,  and  that,  in  the 
course  of  \ears,  it  is  not  impossible  that  the  shoe 
freighter  may  find  his  occupation  gone. 

Nor  is  it  stranire  that  a  citv  so  well  located  as 
Haverhill  siiould  in\"ite  and  retain  capital,  to  be  in- 
^"ested  in  manulacluring.  Land  in  almost  all  parts  of 
the  cit\'  can  be  had  for  resident  purposes  at  reasonable 
prices;  two  co-operative  banks  are  ready  and  willing  to 
assist  e\er\'  workman  to  become  his  own  landlord; 
while  the  cost  of  li\  ing  is  quite  as  small  as  in  the 
smaller  towns.  And,  moreo\er,  it  is  from  the  working- 
men  themselves  that  the  ranks  of  the  manufacturers  are 
recruited.  The  hills  of  Haverhill  are  dotted  with  the 
cottages  of  shrewd,  intelligent,  hard-working  mechan- 
ics, who  understand  their  business,  who  are  ambitious, 
and  who  realize  that  the  world  is  their  oyster  and  that 
it  can  be  opened  by  them  to  their  future  advantage,  if 
only  thev  persevere.  It  is  not  alone  its  rich  men,  its 
well-to-do  manufacturers,  that  make  Haverhill's  shoes 
hold  their  own,  and  more,  in  the  market,  nor  is  the 
growth  of  the  city  because  of  them,  but  it  is  because 
the  majoritv  of  its  skilled  workmen  have  a  personal 
interest  in  its  welfare,  and  are  likely  to  become  tax- 
pavers,  and  so  the  best  of  citizens.  Since,  therefore, 
the  introduction  of  machinery  has  entirely  changed  the 


140  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

character  of  the  work  and  the  methods  of  conducting 
it;  since  the  condition  of  the  working  man  is  bene- 
fited; since  econoni}-  of  time  and  economy  of  mate- 
rial are  both  conserved,  —  it  is  not  surprising  that 
the  city  prospers,  and  that  the  progress  of  events  has 
shown  most  conckisivel}-,  that,  ere  the  beginning  of  the 
twentieth  century,  —  Haverhill  will  boast  of  factories 
three  and  four  times  as  large  as  any  now  built, 
factories  where  every  single  constituent  which  goes  to 
make  up  foot-wear  will  be  kept  and  where  every  iota 
of  the  manufacture  will  be  carried  on  directly  under 
the  management  of  the  manufacturer  and  his  agents. 
The  o-rowth  of  the  shoe  business  from  a  retail  to  a 
wholesale  one  has  been  slow,  but  it  has  been  certain, 
and  the  results  are  now  beginning  to  be  seen. 

In  addition  to  the  manufacturing  proper,  there  are  a 
hundred,  nay  two  hundred,  establishments  within  the 
limits  of  the  city  that  are  connected  directly  with  the 
shoe  business,  outgrowths  of  it,  and  at  the  same  time 
strong  props  and  stays  to  its  perpetuity  and  growth, 
since  in  them  are  sold  the  thousand  and  one  parts  that 
are  used  in  making  up  the  simple-looking,  but  in 
realit}'  complicated,  foot-covering,  the  machinery,  tools, 
and  so  forth  used  in  its  construction.  There  are 
dealers  in  patterns,  trimmings,  dies,  lasts,  cut  soles, 
leather  of  all  descriptions,  rands,  heels,  tops,  stiffen- 
ings,  wooden  and  paper  boxes,  leather-board,  paints, 
varnishings,  and  hundreds  of  other  minor  essentials. 
In  this  connection  it  can  be  said,  that  Haverhill  boasts 
the  largest  sole-leather  establishment  in  the  United 
States;    that   three  firms    employing   in   the   aggregate 


SHOES    AND    SHOEMAKING.  14I 

four  hundred  hands  arc  engaged  in  making  the  paper 
boxes  and  cartons  in  which  the  shoes  are  packed;  that 
there  are  three  firms  turning  out  the  wooden  "  cases  " 
in  which  they  are  shipped;  that  one  hrm  has  a  large 
and  paying  business  in  making  and  planing  the  boards 
used  b}'  the  cutters  in  cutting  up  the  skins  tor  the  boots 
and  shoes;  that  there  are  two  factories  busily  employed 
in  the  manufacture  of  nails  for  shoes.  In  fact,  Haver- 
hill is  one  vast  shoe  manufactorv,  its  ^'er3■  life,  exist- 
ence, and  prosperity  dependent  on  the  trade  which  has 
made  it  what  it  is  and  on  which  it  bases  to  a  large 
extent  its  hopes  in  the  future. 

The  following  statistics,  which  ha\e  been  most 
carefully  compiled  and  are  believed  to  be  as  nearly- 
correct  as  possible,  will  give,  far  better  than  mere 
words  can,  an  idea  of  the  enormous  amount  of  raw 
material  used,  the  manufactured  product  turned  out, 
and  the  hundred  and  one  details  which  all  unite  in  this 
most  interesting  industr}'.  A  careful  study  of  them 
will  well  repay  the  reader,  and,  after  reading  the  solid 
mass  of  figures,  he  can  easily  see  how  deeply  rooted  is 
the  industry  and  what  a  vital  part  it  pla3'S  in  the 
economic  life  of  the  city. 


142 


HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 


CLASSIFICATION    OF    STOCK    USED    YEARLY 

IN    THE    BOOT    AND    SHOE    INDUSTRY 
IN  THE  City  of  Haverhill. 


ARTICLES. 

Bags,  Paper  Packing, 

Beaver, 

Board,  Leather  and  Straw, 

Board,  Leather  and  Straw, 

Boxes,  Paper  and  Wooden, 

Box  Toes, 

Bows, 

Brocade, 

Buckram, 

Cassimere  and  Felt, 

Cement,  Cikie,  Paste,  Etc., 

Cloth,  Cotton, 

Cloth,  Emery, 

Cloth,  Enamel, 

Cloth,  Patent, 

Cotton  Thread  and  Silk, 

Cord,  Clark's, 

Counters, 

Cutting  (contract  work). 

Embroideries,  Velvet, 

Eyelets, 

Findings,  (costing) 

Galloons,  Cotton  and  Silk, 

Goring, 

Gum  Tragacanth, 

Heels, 

Heels, 

Heels, 

Lacings, 

Linings,    • 


BASIS. 

QUANTIIV. 

1,800 

Yards, 

360 

Pounds, 

12,420 

Pairs, 

1,756.39s 

3-772,572 

Pairs, 

264,000 

Dozen  Pairs, 

3,360 

Yards, 

600 

(( 

2,964 

(( 

2,052 

Gallons, 

34.349 

Yards, 

866,467 

Reams, 

2 

Cases, 

780 

Yards, 

15,600 

Pounds, 

28,827 

Balls, 

25 

Pairs, 

930,000 

Cases, 

360 

Dozen  Pairs, 

326 

28,282,000 

Dollars, 

1,467,877 

Gross, 

2,880 

Yards, 

14,400 

Pounds, 

14 

Cases, 

5,35s 

Pairs, 

777,960 

Sets, 

180 

Gross, 

5,615 

Yards, 

5,880 

SHOES    AND    SHOEMAKING. 


143 


ARTICLES. 

BASIS. 

QUA^"^IT^". 

Linings, 

Pounds, 

360 

Leather,  Alligator, 

Feet, 

66,720 

Leather,  Buff, 

" 

1,432,310 

Leather,  Calf, 

t( 

199,680 

Leather,  Chamois, 

(I 

6,000 

Leather,  Dongola, 

a 

198,240 

Leather,  English, 

a 

3,600 

Leather,  (ioat. 

ti 

1,115,530 

Leather,  drain. 

<< 

734,950 

Leather,  Kid, 

ft 

4,824,009 

Leather,  Mole  Skin. 

ti 

1,800 

Leather,  Mule, 

ti 

1,800 

Leather,  Patent, 

a 

107,272 

Leather,  Sheep, 

it 

Feet. 

1,447,622 

Leather,  total. 

10,145,388 

Leather,  Alligator. 

Dozens, 

282 

Leather,  Hair  Calf, 

1. 

234 

Leather,  Calf  Skins, 

" 

1,800 

Leather,  Dongola. 

a 

738 

Leather,  Kid  (Bronze  and  French), 

it 

685 

Leather,  Patent, 

a 

2,400 

Leather  (Glove  and  Russet). 

a 

Dozens, 
Pairs, 

58.942 

Leather,  total  by 

65,080 

Leather,  Soles,  Inner, 

3,926,436 

Leather,  Soles,  Outer, 

'• 

14,031,454 

Leather,  Rands, 

it 

Pairs, 
Pounds, 

365,600 

Leather,  total. 

18,323,492 

Leather,  Bellies, 

192.000 

Leather,  Calf,  French, 

a 

960 

Leather,  Calf,  Plain, 

It 

102,501 

Leather,  Calf,  Wax, 

it 

24,960 

Leather,  Kip, 

it 

12,360 

Leather,  Rands,  Round ings,  and  Skivers, 

n 

3,769,819 

144 


HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 


ARTICLES. 

Leather,  Rounding, 
Leather,  Rough, 
Leather,  Scraps, 
Leather,  Sole, 
Leather,  Split, 
Leather,  Trimmings, 
Leather,  Uppers, 

Leather,  total. 

Leather,  Buff, 
Leather,  Sole, 

Leather,  total. 

Needles, 

Patterns,  Velvet  Slippers, 

Plush, 

Satine, 

Satin  and  Serge, 

Shanks,  Steel, 

Stiffenings, 

Stiffenings, 

Velvet  and  Velveteen, 

Webbing,  Elastic, 


BASTS. 

QUANTITY. 

Pounds, 

I  15,200 

li 

542,520 

« 

88,800 

n 

25,020 

a 

254,894 

n 

360,000 

(( 

180,000 

Pounds, 

5^639,034 

Sides, 

1,200 

" 

124,397 

Sides, 

125.597 

Boxes, 

482 

Dozen, 

13.710 

Yards, 

420 

(( 

60 

« 

154,788 

601,272 

Pairs, 

3,104,610 

Sets, 

250 

Yards, 

36,780 

1,200 


SHOES    AND    SHOEMAKING. 


145 


CLASSIFICATION  OF 

GOODS    MADE    AND    WORK     DONE 

In  a  Yeak   in    iiie  Boot  and  Shoe  Trade  of  the 
City  of    Haverhill. 


ARTICI.F.S. 

Bead  Work, 

Binding, 

Boots,  Boys'  Calf  Halnioral, 

Boots,  Hoys'  C'alf  Hiitton, 

Boots,  Boys'  Congress, 

Boots,  Boys',  Miscellaneous, 

Boots,  Boys',  total, 

Boots,  Children's  Buff  I'olish, 

Boots,  Children's  Goat  Button, 

Boots,  Children's  Goat  Polish, 

Boots,  Children's  Grain  Button, 

Boots,  Children's  (irain  Polish, 

Boots,  Children's  Kid  Button, 

Boots,  Children's  Kid  Button  and  Lace, 

Boots,  Children's  Kid  Low  Cut, 

Boots,  Children's  Miscellaneous, 

Boots,  Children's  Turned, 

Boots,  Children's  Woolen  and  Felt, 

Boots,  Children's,  total, 


BASIS. 

QUANTnV. 

Pieces, 

6,000 

Barrels, 

300 

Pairs, 

3,600 

(( 

3,600 

it 

72 

(< 

i7>952 

Boots, 
Boots, 
Boots, 
Boots, 
Boots, 
Boots, 
Boots, 


Men's  Buff 
Men's  Buff 
Men's  Buff 
Men's  Calf 
Men's  Calf 
Men's  Calf 
Men's  Calf 


Balmoral, 

Congress, 

Polish  Button, 

Balmoral, 

Brogans, 

Congress, 

Crimped, 


19. 


360 

5.040 

1,440 

2,160 

360 

5.400 
13,200 

3,600 
72,576 

4,320 

3,600 


112,056 


57,744 
21,744 
28,944 
87,888 
360 

13,584 
360 


146 


HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 


ARTICLES. 

BASFS. 

QUANTITY. 

Boots 

Men's  Calf  Don  Pedro, 

Pairs, 

173 

Roots 

Men's  Calf  (ilove, 

2,880 

Boots 

Men's  Calf  Opera, 

1,440 

Boots 

Men's  Calf  Polish, 

8,640 

Boots 

Men's  Calf  Polish  Button, 

84,000 

Boots 

Men's  Calf  Hand-sewed 

1,200 

Boots 

Men's  Custom  Made, 

800 

Boots 

Men's  Dongola  Button, 

1,167 

Boots 

Men's  Dongola  Congress, 

6,900 

Boots 

Men's  Dongola  Congress  Foxed. 

288 

Boots 

Men's  Dongola  Patent  Dressed, 

720 

Boots 

Men's  Kip  Brogans, 

8,640 

Boots 

Men's  Miscellaneous, 

632,947 

Boots 

Men's  Kip  Hand-sewed, 

13-500 

Boots 

Men's  Machine  Made, 

89,728 

Boots 

Men's  Patent  Foxed  Congress, 

5,472 

Boots 

Men's  Split  Balmoral, 

7,200 

Boots 

Men's  Split  Balmoral  and  Congress, 

1,152 

Boots 

Men's  Split  Button, 

3,600 

Boots,  Men's,  total. 


1,114,740 


Boots 

Misses' 

Buff  Polish, 

Boots 

Misses' 

Calf  Congress, 

Boots 

Misses' 

Dongola  Button, 

Boots 

Misses' 

Goat  Button, 

Boots 

Misses' 

Goat,  Grain  and  Kid  Button, 

Boots 

Misses' 

Goat  and  Kid  Button, 

Boots 

Misses' 

Goat  Polish, 

Boots 

Misses' 

Grain  Button, 

Boots 

Misses' 

Grain  and  Kid  Button, 

Boots 

Misses' 

Grain  and  Polish, 

Boots 

Misses' 

Kid  Button, 

Boots 

Misses' 

Kid,  Croat,  and  Polish, 

Boots 

Misses' 

Kip, 

Boots 

Misses' 

Miscellaneous, 

Boots 

Misses' 

Kip  Hand-sewed, 

360 

36,000 
1,800 

10,152 

72,000 

2,700 
1,656 

1,800 

7,632 

7,200 

900 

1,800 

360 

78,600 
180,000 


SHOES    AND    SHOEMAKING. 


147 


ARTICI 

.ES. 

BA 

lsis.                     quantity. 

Boots,  Misses'  Kij)  llulton  and  Low  Cut,        Pairs,                             7,200 

Boots,  Misses',  total.                                           ' 

*                             410,160 

Boots,  ^V'omt'n 

s  Huff  an.l  Calf, 

58,800 

Boots 

AV'omen 

s  Buff  India,                                  * 

'                                   1 8, 000 

Boots 

Women 

s  Buff  Polish, 

150,408 

Boots 

Women 

s  Buskins,                                     ' 

'                                  19,800 

Boots 

Women 

s  Calf  Balmoral,                            ' 

'                                  12,960 

Boots 

Women 

s  Calf  Glove.                                * 

'                                108,720 

Boots 

Women 

s  Calf  Glove  Button,                   ' 

'                                  50,400 

Boots 

Women 

s  Calf  Glove  Low  Cut  IJutton,  ' 

5'40o 

Boots 

Women 

s  Calf  Glove  Congress,               ' 

'                                     1,080 

Boots 

Women 

s  Calf  (Hove,  Kid  Foxed,           ' 

*                                    6,840 

Boots 

Women 

s  Calf  Glove  Polish,                     ' 

3.960 

Boots 

Women 

s  Calf  Polish, 

32,400 

Boots 

\\'omen 

s  Dongola  Button,                       ' 

12,240 

Boots 

Women 

s  Uongola  Button  Foxed,           ' 

2,520 

Boots 

Women 

s  Dongola  Polish,                        ' 

'                                     2,160 

Boots 

Women 

s  Dongola  Polish  Foxed,            ' 

'                                  r,o8o 

Boots 

Women 

s  (roat,                                          ' 

161,832 

Boots 

^^'omen 

s  ( ioat  Button,                             ' 

93.528 

Boots 

Women 

s  Goat  Imitation  Button.            ' 

'                                  2,160 

Boots 

Women 

s  Goat  Pebble,                             ' 

'                              100,800 

Boots 

Women 

s  Goat  Imitation  Pebble. 

4,320 

Boots 

Women 

s  Croat  Polish,                               ' 

9.576 

Boots 

\Vomen 

s  (}rain,                                           ' 

'                                22,680 

Boots 

Women 

s  Grain  Button.                            ' 

T,8,88o 

Boots 

Women 

s  Glove  Grain,                             * 

30,960 

Boots 

Women 

s  Glove  Grain  Polish,                  ' 

103,320 

Boots 

Women 

s  Kid,                                            ' 

43.632 

Boots 

Women 

s  Kid  Button.                               ' 

564-312 

Boots 

^Vomen 

s  Kid  Foxed  Buskins,                 ' 

720 

Boots 

Women 

s  Kid  Foxed,  Glove  Top,           ' 

4.320 

Boots 

Women 

s  Kid,  French  and  American,    ' 

'                                36,000 

Boots 

Women 

s  Kid,  Cilove  Top,                       ' 

'                                  2,160 

Boots 

Women 

s  Kid  India,                                 * 

'                                22,320 

148 


HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 


ARTICLES. 

Boots,  Women's 
Boots,  Women's 
Boots,  Women's 
Boots,  Women's 
Boots,  Women's 
Boots,  Women's 
Boots,  Women's 
Boots,  Women's 
Boots,  Women's 
Boots,  Women's 
Boots,  Women's 
Boots,  Women's 
Boots,  Women's 


Kid  Laced, 

Kid  Polish, 

Glove  Kid,  Calf  Foxed, 

Glove  Kid,  Foxed  Polish, 

Glove  Polish  Split, 

Spanish  and  Polish, 

Polish,  Glove  Top, 

Miscellaneous, 

Serge, 

Serge  Balmoral, 

Serge  Button,  Foxed, 

Serge  and  Congress, 

Serge  and  Polish, 


Boots,  Women's,  total. 

Boots,  Youths'  Balmoral, 
Boots,  Youths'  Calf  Balmoral, 
Boots,  Youths'  Calf  Button, 
Boots,  Youths'  Calf  Congress, 
Boots,  Youths'  Miscellaneous, 

Boots,  Youths',  total, 

Bows, 

Button  Holes, 

Counters, 

Doublers, 

Fitting  Boots  and  Slippers, 

Heels, 

Heels, 

Heels,  Pasted, 

Heeling  Boots,  Shoes  and  Slippers, 

Heel  Stock, 

Patterns,  Embroidered  Slippers, 

Shoes,  Boys', 

Shoes,  Children's  Goat  Oxford, 

Shoes,  Children's  Kid  Button  Newport, 


BASIS. 

QUANTITY. 

Pairs, 

14,400 

a 

37,488 

u 

1,440 

(( 

1,800 

a 

46,080 

a 

25,200 

a 

3,600 

(( 

133,320 

(( 

1,080 

(I 

216 

a 

14,400 

a 

720 

a 

3,600 

(( 

2,032,122 

11 

4,320 

ii 

2,160 

(( 

6,080 

n 

360 

(I 

4,752 

le 

17,672 

Dozen, 

30,000 



1,096,168 

Pairs, 

300,000 

(< 

56,260 

« 

762,000 

(( 

1,082,000 

Barrels, 

8,760 

Pairs, 

288,000 

Dollars, 

90,642 

(( 

480 

36,000 

Pairs, 

4,752 

a 

360 

720 


SHOES    AND    SHOEMAKING. 


149 


AR'lIcr.KS. 

Shoes,  Children's  Kid  Tie  Newjjort, 
Shoes,  Children's  Kid  and  (ioat  'Vies, 
Sh(jes,  Children's  Red  (Oxford, 
Shoes,  Children's  Miscx'llaneous, 
Shoes,  Children's  Woolen  and  Felt, 

Shoes,  C'hildren's,  total, 


Shoes 

Men's  Calf  Oxford  lUition, 

Shoes 

Men's  Calf  Oxford  'I'ies, 

Shoes 

Men's  Calf  Straj), 

Shoes 

Men's  Calf  Sailor, 

Shoes 

Men's  Dongola, 

Shoes 

Men's  Dongola  Ties, 

Shoes 

Men's  Goat  Ties, 

Shoes 

Men's  Goat  I.ow  Shoes, 

Shoes 

Men's  Goat  Pumps, 

Shoes 

Men's  Grain  Low  Shoes, 

Shoes 

Men's  Cirain  Harvard  Ties, 

Shoes 

Men's  Kid  Oxford  Ties, 

Shoes 

Men's  Kid  Pumps, 

Shoes 

Men's  Patent  Leather  Oxford  l^utton 

Shoes 

Men's  Patent  I>eather  Oxford  Ties, 

Shoes 

Men's  Patent  Leather  Pumps, 

Shoes 

Men's  Velvet  Oxford  Ties, 

Shoes 

Men's  Velvet  Pumps, 

Shoes 

Men's  Veh-et  Ties, 

Shoes 

Men's  Miscellaneous, 

Shoes 

Men's  Miscellaneous  Custom  Made, 

Shoes 

Men's  Miscellaneous  Hand-sewed, 

Shoes,  Men's,  total. 

Shoes,  Misses'  Buff  Low, 
Shoes,  Misses'  Alligator  Oxford  Ties  Im't, 
Shoes,  Misses'  Goat  Harvard  Ties, 
Shoes,  Misses'  Goat  Newport  Button, 
Shoes,  Misses'  Goat  Newport  Ties, 


liASIS. 

QUANTITY. 

Pairs, 

360 

<( 

14,400 

a 

1,080 

a 

24,000 

a 

3,600 

a 

44,520 

li 

5,184 

a 

1,440 

i( 

2,880 

ti 

187 

(( 

8,400 

a 

5,760 

a 

864 

a 

432 

li 

720 

(I 

864 

li 

360 

u 

432 

li 

1,152 

li 

360 

11 

I  1,920 

ii 

16,200 

a 

3,200 

a 

1,800 

11 

720 

11 

709,245 

li 

800 

ii 

13,500 

a 

787,880 

ii 

1,008 

li 

1,800 

ii 

864 

li 

720 

(I 

864 

I50 


HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 


ARTICLES, 

Shoes,  Misses'  Kid  Harvard  Ties, 

Shoes,  Misses'  Kid  Newport  Button, 

Shoes,  Misses'  Kid  Newport  Ties, 

Shoes,  Misses'  Kid  Oxford  Ties, 

Shoes,  Misses'  Kid  Button  Sandals, 

Shoes,  Misses'  Kid  and  Ooat  Tics, 

Shoes,  Misses'  Kid  Ties, 

Shoes,  Misses'  Miscellaneous, 

Shoes,  Misses'  Miscellaneous  Hand-sewed, 

Shoes,  Misses'  Patent  Leather, 

Shoes,  Misses'  Woolen  and  Felt, 

Shoes,  Misses',  total. 


I'.ASIS. 

Pairs, 


Shoes 
Shoes 
Shoes 
Shoes 
Shoes 
Shoes 
Shoes 
Shoes 
Shoes 
Shoes 
Shoes 
Shoes 
Shoes 
Shoes 
Shoes 
Shoes 
Shoes 
Shoes 
Shoes 
Shoes 
Shoes 
Shoes 
Shoes 


,  Women 
,  Women 
,  Women 
,  Women 
,  Women 
,  Women 
,  W^omen 
,•  Women 
,  Women 
,  Women 
,  Women 
,  Women 
,  Women 
,  Women 
,  Women 
,  Women 
,  Women 
,  Women 
,  Women 
,  Women 
,  Women 
,  Women 
,  Women 


s  Beaver  Ties, 

s  ( rlove  Calf  Ties, 

s  Cioat  Ties, 

s  Kid  Ties, 

s  French  Kid  Ties, 

s  Sailor  Kid  Ties, 

s  Miscellaneous  Low  Shoes, 

s  Woolen  and  P'elt  Low  Shoes, 

s  Newport  Button  Glove  Calf, 

s  Newport  Button  Goat, 

s  Newport  But.  Goat  and  Kid, 

s  Newport  Button  (irain, 

s  Newport  Button  Kid, 

s  Newport  Button  India  Kid. 

s  Newport  Miscellaneous, 

s  Newport  Ties,  Glove  Calf, 

s  Newport  Ties,  Goat, 

s  Newport  Ties,  Cirain. 

s  Newport  Ties,  Kid, 

s  Newport  Ties,  India  Kid, 

s  Newport  Ties,  Miscellaneous, 

s  (Jxford  Ties,  Goat, 

s  Oxford  Ties,  Glove  Grain, 


QUANTITY. 

1, 800 
2,160 
9,x)oo 
6,120 
3,600 
3,600 
5.400 
17,464 
13.500 
1,440 
3,600 

72,940 

1,440 

2.160 

4,680 

23,640 

216 

1,800 

157.200 

3,600 

720 

S.712 

14,400 

1,800 

166,680 

18,000 

324 

720 

2,880 

360 

56,880 

18,000 

10,440 

3.672 

7,200 


SHOES    AND    SHOEMAKING. 


151 


ARTICLES.  BASIS. 

Shoes,  Women's  Oxford  Ties,  Kid,  I'airs, 
Shoes,  Women's  Oxford  Ties,  French  Kid,       " 
Shoes,  Women's  Oxford  'I'ies,  Patent  Leather,  " 
Shoes,  Women's  Oxford  Ties,  Velvet  Vamp,     " 

Shoes,  Women's  Oxford  Ties,  Velvet,  " 

Shoes,  Women's  Ties,  Olove  Calf,  " 

Shees,  Women's  Ties,  Wellesley,  " 

Shoes,  Women's,  total,  " 

Shoes,  Youths'  Miscellaneous,  " 

Shoes,  Youths',  total,  " 

Slippers,  Boys'  Buck,  " 

Slippers,  Boys'  Ooat.  " 

Slippers,  Boys'  Kid,  " 

Slippers,  Boys'  Miscellaneous.  " 

Slippers,  Boys'  Patent  Leather,  " 

Slippers,  Boys'  Turned,  " 

Slippers,  Boys'  Velvet,  " 

Slippers,  Boys'  Velvet  Pattern,  " 

Slippers,  Boys',  total,  " 

Slippers,  Children's  Buck,  " 

Slippers,  Children's  Glove  Calf.  " 

Slippers,  Children's  Hand-sewed,  " 

Slippers,  Children's  Kid,     '  " 
Slippers,  Children's  Miscellaneous,             -         " 

Slippers,  Children's,  total,  " 

Slippers,  Men's  Alligator,  " 

Slippers,  Men's  Alligator  Liiitation,  " 

Slippers,  Men's  Brocade,  " 

Slippers,  Men's  Buck,  " 

Slippers,  Men's  Calf  and  Goat,  " 

Slippers,  Men's  Goat,  " 

Slippers,  Men's  Grain,  " 

Slippers,  Men's  Hair  Calf,  " 

Slippers,  Men's  Hand-sewed,  " 


QUANTITY. 

215,856 
432 

720 
1,080 

720 
1,800 
2,160 

929,012 

4,750 
4,750 

7,200 
1,800 

180 
11,952 

360 
12,000 

360 
360 

34,212 

3,600 

I  20 
3,600 

360 
97,644 

105,324 

4,680 
16,560 

3,600 
86,400 

5,040 
29,136 

10,800 
7,200 

73,818 


152 


HAVERHILL,  MASSACHUSETTS. 


articlf:s. 

r.Asis. 

QUANTITY. 

Slippers,  Men's  Kid, 

Pairs, 

3,6oo 

Slippers,  Men's  Fancy  Leather, 

" 

1,440 

Slippers,  Men's  Opera  Alligator  Imitation, 

a 

5.400 

Slippers,  Men's  Opera  (ioat, 

a 

13.320 

Slippers,  Men's  Opera  Leather, 

u 

13.716 

Slippers,  Men's  Opera  Low  Cut, 

a 

103,4x0 

Shppers,  Men's  Opera  Patent  Leather, 

<( 

2,520 

Slippers,  Men's  Pumps, 

a 

4,800 

Slippers,  Men's  I'urned, 

i( 

12,000 

Slippers,  Men's  Velvet, 

a 

93,096 

Slippers,  Men's  Everett  Velvet, 

it 

720 

Slippers,  Men's  Opera  Velvet, 

li 

8,496 

Slippers,  Men's  Velvet  Pattern, 

it 
a 

2,160 

Slippers,  Men's,  total. 

501,982 

Slippers,  Misses'  Alligator  Imitation, 

(I 

360 

Slippers,  Misses'  Glove  Calf, 

a 

120 

Slippers,  Misses'  Cxoat, 

li 

8,280 

Slippers,  Misses'  Grain, 

li 

180 

Slippers,  Misses'  Kid, 

(( 

12,780 

Slippers,  Misses'  Kid  Opera, 

a 

91,692 

Slippers,  Misses'  Miscellaneous, 

li 
ii 

8,865 

Slippers,  Misses',  total,    • 

122,277 

Slippers,  Women's  Beaver  Croquet, 

li 

2,520 

Slippers,  Women's  Croquet, 

ii 

8,640 

Slippers,  Women's  Fancy, 

li 

12,960 

Slippers,  Women's  iMove  Calf, 

li 

4,440 

Slippers,  Women's  Glove  Calf  Opera, 

li 

1,080 

Slippers,  Women's  Goat, 

ii 

31.725 

Slippers,  Women's  Goat  Opera, 

ii 

16,200 

Slippers,  Women's  Goat  Pointed, 

11 

1,800 

Slippers,  Women's  Goat  and  Kid, 

a 

51,480 

Slippers,  Women's  Goat  and  Kid  Opera, 

11 

1,296 

Slippers,  ^Vomen's  Cilove  Grain, 

li 

7,200 

Slippers,  Women's  Kid, 

11 

317,400 

Slippers,  ^Vomen's  French  Kid  Opera, 

i( 

445.104 

Shoes  and  shoemaking. 


153 


ARTICLES. 

Slippers,  Women's  Kid  0])era, 
Slippers,  Women's  Patent  Leather, 
Sli))pers,  Women's  Patent  Leather  Opera, 
Slippers,  Women's  Sandal, 
Sli]:)pers,  Women's  Serge, 
Slippers,  Women's  Turned, 
Slippers,  Women's  Velvet, 
Slippers,  Women's  Velvet  Opera, 
Slippers,  Women's  Miscel's  Hand-sewed, 

Slippers,  Women's,  total. 
Slippers,  Youths'  Buck, 
Sli])pers,  Youths'  Miscellaneous, 
Slippers,  Youths'  Velvet  Pattern, 

Slippers,  Youths',  total. 
Slippers,  Boys',  total. 
Slippers,  Children's,  total. 
Slippers,  Men's,  total, 
Slijjpers,  Misses',  total. 
Slippers,  Women's,  total, 
Slippers,  Youths',  total. 

Slippers,  total. 
Shoes,  Boys',  total, 
Shoes,  Children's,  total, 
Shoes,  Men's,  total. 
Shoes,  Misses',  total. 
Shoes,  Women's,  total, 
Shoes,  Youths',  total, 

Shoes,  total. 
Boots,  Boys',  total. 
Boots,  Children's,  total. 
Boots,  Men's,  total. 
Boots,  Misses',  total. 
Boots,  Women's,  total, 


BASIS. 

QUANTITY. 

Pairs, 

27,000 

t< 

1,800 

<< 

10,800 

<( 

64,000 

a 

2,160 

(< 

36,000 

i( 

22,320 

(( 

2,016 

ti 

71,800 

<< 

1,139.741 

ti 

7,200 

(( 

4,755 

n 

360 

(( 

12,315 

a 

34,212 

(( 

105,324 

a 

501,982 

11 

122,277 

a 

1,139,741 

a 

12,315 

a 

i,9t5»85i 

<< 

4,752 

a 

44,520 

a 

787,880 

a 

72.940 

(< 

929,012 

(I 

4,750 

(( 

1,843,854 

li 

19,224 

a 

112,056 

a 

1,114,740 

ti 

410,160 

a 

2,032,122 

154 


HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSEttS. 


ARTICLES. 

Boots,  Youths',  total. 


BASIS. 

Pairs, 


Boots,  total,  " 
Whole  amount  of  Boots,  Shoes,  and  Slippers  made  in  the 

City  of  Haverhill  in  1888  is:  — 

Boots,  Pairs, 
Shoes, 
Slippers, 

Whole  Amount,  " 
Soles,  Cut, 
Soles,  Inner, 

Soles,  Inner  and  Outer,  " 

Soles,  Men's,  " 

Soles,  Misses',  " 

Soles,  Women's,  " 

Soles,  Miscellaneous,  " 

Soles,  total, 

Stiffenings,  Children's,  " 

Stiffenings,  Men's,  " 

Stiffenings,  Misses',  " 

Stiffenings,  Women's,  " 

Stiffenings,  Leather  Board,  " 

Stiffenings,  Miscellaneous,  " 

Stiffenings,  total,  " 

Stitching,  Worth,  Dollars, 

Sundries,  Worth,  " 

Taps,  Children's,  Pairs, 

Taps,  Men's,  " 

Taps,  Misses',                             .  " 

Taps,  Women's,  " 

Taps,  Miscellaneous,  " 

Taps,  total,  " 

Toplifting,  Worth,  Dollars, 

Work  on  Boots  and  Shoes,  " 


QUANTITY. 
17,672 

3»7i5;974 


3.715.974 
1,843,854 

1,915.851 

7,475.679 
1,947,780 

650.304 
395.950 
224,640 
16,632 
313,200 
3.438,978 

6,997,484 
24,000 
36,720 
30,720 
60,720 
163,620 

1,061,460 

1,317,240 

250,997 
13,200 

264,197 
10,800 

11,232 

22,032 

38,232 

757,060 

839.356 

12,000 

1,800 


13,800 


Various  Thinc^s. 


Shoes,  althoiio-h  made  abundantly  and  well,  are  not 
the  only  things  well  made  in  Haverhill.  Skilled  work- 
men fiiu]  employment  in  man\-  other  industries,  of 
which  the  most  important  are  the  manufacture  of  hats, 
of  woolens,  of  paper,  and  of  morocco. 

The  manufacture  of  hats  is  quite  an  industry,  the 
pa3-roll  tbr  operatives  in  hat  factories  amounting  to 
over  $200,000  per  3'ear.  The  value  of  the  wool  and 
wool  stock  annually  used  is  $175,000;  fur,  $100,000; 
hat  bands,  $60,000;  silk  cord,  $6,000;  sweat-leather, 
$15,000;  strawboard  and  paper,  $5,500;  spool  cotton, 
$3,500;  cotton  cloth,  $3,000;  soap,  $3,000;  shellac  and 
gum,  $5,000;  dye-stuff  and  drugs,  $10,000;  satin,  $9,- 
000;  oil,  $1,000;  other  supplies,  $10,000. 

There  are  three  large  manufactories,  —  those  of  the 
Haverhill  Hat  Company,  W.  B.  Thom  and  Company, 
and  J.   P.   Gilman's   Sons,  making  over   111,000   cases 


15^  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

of   fur  and    wool    hats   annual h',   and    giving   employ- 
ment to  375  men  and  125  women. 

Of  these,  the  oldest  is  the  Haverhill  Hat  Company, 
located  on  Fleet  Street,  near  the  City  Hall,  which  was 
incorporated  in  187 1  with  a  paid-up  capital  of  $50,000, 
with  Eben  Mitchell  as  president  and  Charles  Butters  as 
treasurer.     The    business    was    first    established    about 
1850    by    P.  Berkley    How    and    Eben    Mitchell,   who 
carried   on  the    works   separately   for   some  years    and 
then  formed   a  copartnership    under  the   style   of  How 
and  Mitchell,  leasing  the  building  now  occupied  by  the 
Haverhill     Hat    Company.       During    the    last    twenty 
years    the   business    has    undergone    many    chano-es    in 
methods  of  manufacture,  and  in  the  quality  and  variety 
of  the  goods    made.     Formerly,   from    1,500  to    2,000 
cases  of  hats  were  made  up  in  anticipation  of  the  semi- 
annual  sales   in  January  and  July,  while  at  the  present 
time   and   for   the   last   ten   years   the  factory  has  been 
running  exclusively  on  orders,  sample   cases  only  being 
made  to  sell  from.      While  the  earlier    manufacturers 
were     very    successful,    the    goods    they    made    would 
have   but  small    sale   to-day,  some   four   or   five  colors 
and  perhaps  twenty  or  thirty  styles   being  all  that  were 
then  required,  while  now  twenty  or  more  colors  and  two 
hundred  and  fifty  different  styles  are  made  up  for  every 
sale.     The  Haverhill  Hat  Company  has  a  wide  reputa- 
tion  for   excellent  colors,  acknowledged   by  dealers  to 
be  excelled  by  those  of  no  other  manufacturer. 

The  business  now  owned  by  W.  B.  Thom  and  Com- 
pany, originally  established  in  Ayer's  Village,  was 
remo^•cd   to   this   part  of  the  city  in    1874.     Its  growth 


VARIOUS    THINGS.  157 

may  be  inicrrcd  from  the  fact,  that,  while  the  original 
factory  was  equal  to  seventy  do/en  wool  hats  per  da}', 
the  present  plant  could  make  lour  hundred  dozen  per 
day  of  fur  and  wool  hats  of  all  kinds.  The  works  are 
located  on  River  Street,  and  include  live  buildings, 
containing  some  thirty-two  thousand  feet  of  floor 
space,  besides  engine  houses,  boiler  houses,  store 
houses,  etc.  Their  goods,  distributed  h\  their  New 
York  house,  And  a  read\-  market  in  all  parts  of  the 
world. 

Four  woolen  mills  are  practicall\-  associated  with 
IIa\erhill,  —  one  in  the  city  itself,  owned  bv  Stevens 
and  Company,  of  North  Ando\er,  and  three  others,  the 
Gro\eland  Mills  in  Groveland,  managed  h\  the  trustees 
of  the  estate  of  the  late  E.  J.  M.  Hale.  The  male 
employees  in  these  four  mills  number  3:54  and  the 
females  about  280,  with  a  pay-roll  amounting  to 
$260,000  per  3ear.  The  goods  manufactured  b} 
Stevens  and  Company  are  women's  dress  goods  of 
various  kinds,  amounting  to  about  20,000  pieces.  The 
Groveland  Mills  manufacture  flannels,  making  about 
60,000  pieces  annually.  The  wool  used  bv  these  mills 
amounts  to  2,400,000  pounds,  with  supplies  and  other 
material  valued  at  $100,000  per  annum. 

The  manufacture  of  morocco  is  carried  on  by  two 
Arms,  —  Kimball  and  Son,  and  Lennox  and  Brisfo-s, 
who  give  employment  to  about  225  hands,  with  a 
3-earh-  pa3'-roll  of  about  $75,000,  flnishing  annuallv 
about  one  million  skins,  valued  at  $700,000.  The 
leather  is  of  a  superior  grade,  they  making  a  specialty 
of  "  Dono^ola    finished,"  which    is    an    article   of  gfreat 


158  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETf g. 

durability  and  sure  to  hold  color.  Kimball  and  Soil 
occupy  three  three-story  buildings  on  Fleet  Street,  and 
another  on  Pleasant  Street,  employing  130  hands,  and 
making  about  750,000  skins  yearly,  valued  at  $500,000. 
Lennox  and  Briggs  occupy  a  two-story  building  in  the 
rear  of  Washington  Square,  and  part  of  two  other 
buildings,  employing  95  hands,  making  about  250,000 
skins  annually,  valued  at  about  $200,000.  These  firms 
supply  both  the  Boston  and  the  local  markets,  the 
demand  being  so  great  that  their  factories  are  kept 
running  throughout  the  year  at  their  greatest  capacit}^, 
both  plants  having  been  enlarged  during  the  past 
twelve  months. 

The  Haverhill  Paper  Mill  was  organized  in  1883 
with  a  capital  of  $50,000,  and  has  a  large  plant  on  the 
Bradford  side  of  the  river  for  the  manufacture  of  news- 
paper. This  mill  gives  employment  to  50  nands,  with 
a  pay-roll  amounting  to  about  $160,000  per  annum, 
and  there  are  used  about  ten  million  pounds  of  mate- 
rial annually.  This  concern  also  has  a  mill  at  Berlin 
Falls,  N.  H. 

The  plant  of  the  Haverhill  Iron  Works  is  situated 
on  River  Street.  The  company  which  operates  it  was 
organized  in  1881  with  a  capital  of  $20,000,  increased 
in  1883  to  $40,000.  The  capacit}'  of  the  works  has 
been  several  times  increased  the  past  few  years,  and 
the  present  business  is  double  what  it  has  ever  been 
before.  The  plant  includes  a  large  two-story  building, 
a  foundr}^  etc.,  and  turns  not  only  all  ordinary  iron 
work,  architectural  iron  pieces,  heating  apparatus,  etc., 
but  also   the   most   intricate   machinerv  that   is   used  in 


VARIOUS    THINGS.  I59 

the  factories  and   shops,  besides  ornamental   iron  work 
of  any  kind. 

Among  producers  of  goods  intended  purel}-  for 
home  consumption  is  the  Haverhill  Gas  Light  Com- 
pan}',  chartered  by  a  special  act  of  the  Massachusetts 
legislature,  February  12,  1853.  Its  capital  is  $715,000 
with  a  par  \alue  of  $50  per  share.  The  company's 
principal  works  are  on  Winter  Street  along  the  Boston 
and  Maine  Railroad.  They  are  supplied  with  side- 
tracks for  the  receipt  of  coal  and  other  supplies  and  are 
furnished  with  all  improvements  for  abundant  and 
economical  production.  Most  ample  provision  for 
storage  purposes  has  been  recently  made  by  the  con- 
struction of  a  gasometer  on  Hilldale  Avenue  of  a 
capacity  of  400,000  cubic  feet.  The  total  storage 
capacit}'  of  the  gasometers  now  in  use  is  580,000  cubic 
feet.  During  the  \'ear  ending  [une  30,  1887,  these 
works  produced  38,096,000  cubic  feet  of  gas  of  19  can- 
dle power;  the  present  daily  capacity  is  320,000  cubic 
feet.  The  company  operates  fifteen  miles  of  street 
mains  and  has  in  use  over  seventeen  hundred  meters. 
Its  financial  condition  is  prosperous.  Its  plant  is 
valued  at  $75,000,  and,  adding  to  this,  money  invested, 
cash  on  hand,  and  supplies,  it  had,  in  1888,  assets 
amounting,  in  round  numbers,  to  $92,000.  The  only 
liabilities  are  the  capital  stock,  and  there  was,  there- 
fore, in  1888  a  balance  of  profit  of  about  $17,000. 
During  the  past  ten  years  the  price  of  gas  has  been 
reduced  from  $3  per  thousand  feet  to  $1.50,  the  present 
price.  The  management  of  the  corporation  has  so 
conducted   its  afiairs  as  to  fully  satisfy  its  patrons  and 


l6o  HAVERllILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

the  public,  its  extension  ol"  mains  and  increase  of  busi- 
ness keeping  pace  with  the  constant  growth  of  the 
city. 

The  Haverhill  Electric  Company  was  organized  as 
a  corporation  under  the  general  laws  of  Massachusetts, 
on  the  sixth  dav  of  December,  1888.  Its  capital  is 
$85,000;  the  par  value  of  its  shares,  $100.  The  electric 
station  is  a  large  and  commodious  brick  building  situa- 
ted on  Essex  Street  along  the  line  of  the  Boston  and 
Maine  Railroad,  and  within  a  few  hundred  feet  of  the 
manufacturing  center  of  the  city.  It  is  furnished  with 
four  arc  dynamos  having  a  capacity  of  165  lights,  two 
incandescent  dynamos,  two  engines  of  250  horse  power 
and  three  boilers  of  350  horse  power.  The  company 
at  present  furnishes  650  incandescent  and  80  arc  lights, 
35  of  the  latter  being  used  for  street  lighting.  Thirty- 
five  miles  of  wire  are  employed  for  the  distribution  of 
electricity  throughout  the  city.  Seven  and  a  half  miles 
are  used  exclusively  for  public  street  lamps. 

Because  of  the  great  amount  of  light  machiner}' 
required  for  the  manufacture  of  shoes,  HaverhilTs  chief 
industr}-,  and  owing  to  the  disposition  shown  by  some 
of  our  manufacturers  to  establish  factories  at  some  dis- 
tance from  the  steam  power  plants  in  the  present  shoe 
district  for  the  purpose  of  securing  improved  accom- 
modations, the  company  is  making  special  preparations 
for  furnishing  power  for  manufacturing  purposes. 
There  are  in  use  at  the  present  time  eleven  motors. 
The  two  daih'  and  two  weekly  papers  are  printed  b}^ 
power  furnished  from  this  plant.  A  committee  of  the 
Board  of  Trade   has  been  appointed  to  investigate  and 


VARIOUS    THINGS.  l6l 

report  upon  the  I'easibility  of  eonxertinor  the  power  of 
MitclielPs  Falls  upon  the  Merrimaek  River  into  elec- 
tric force  for  nianulacturing-  uses. 

The  IJaNcrliill  Electric  Company  has  exery  reason 
to  hope  for  success.  It  is  on  a  payin«j^  basis,  free  from 
debt,  and  controlled  by  some  of  the  most  active  and 
public-spirited  merchants  and  manufacturers.  Its 
president  is  the  president  of  the  Board  of  Trade. 
The  directors  are  now  makinii^  arrangements  for  more 
than  duplicating  the  capacity  of  the  works  to  satisfy 
the  public  demand  both  for  arc  and  incandescent  light- 
ing, and  contracts  ha\  e  been  made  with  the  citv  for  a 
large  increase  ot  arc  lighting  and  there  is  e\  erv  pros- 
pect of  this  system  coming  into  general  use. 

The  water  supply  of  the  city  is  furnished  bv  the 
Haverhill  Aqueduct  Company.  This  company  is  a 
corporation  organized  under  the  laws  of  Massachusetts 
in  the  year  1802.  Its  capital  is  $300,000,  divided  into 
1500  shares.  The  sources  from  w^hich  the  water  sup- 
ply is  drawn  are  Kenoza  Lake,  Lake  Saltonstall, 
Cr3'Stal  Lake,  and  Round  Pond.  They  are  all  within 
the  territorial  limits  of  the  city.  Kenoza  Lake,  Lake 
Saltonstall,  and  Round  Pond  lie  on  the  highlands  east 
of  the  thickly  settled  portion  of  the  cit}-.  Crystal  Lake 
lies  west  of  the  city  proper.  All  these  bodies  of  water 
are  deep  and  clear  and  are  fed  largelv  bv  springs. 
Their  waters  are  absolutely  free  from  all  obnoxious 
vegetable  matter  and  have  been  shown  hv  frequent 
anahses  to  be  of  remarkable  purity.  For  manx*  years 
after  the  organization  of  this  company  its  operations 
were  of  necessity  of  the  \'ery  simplest.     Haverhill  was 


l62  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

then  a  village  of  a  few  hundred  inhabitants.  Round 
Pond  was  then  the  only  souree  of  supply,  the  water 
bein^-  drawn  from  it  through  log  pipes  and  distributed 
simply  b\-  force  of  gravitation.  The  increase  of  water 
facilities  has,  however,  kept  pace  with  the  rapid  growth 
of  Haverhill,  and  the  company  has  now  under  its  con- 
trol 40  miles  of  substantial  pipe  and  two  water-towers, 
one  near  Lake  Kenoza,  40  feet  in  height,  30  feet'  in 
diameter,  and  of  a  capacity  of  212,000  gallons,  and 
another  on  Silver  Hill,  60  feet  in  height,  40  feet  in 
diameter  and  of  a  capacity  of  575,000  gallons.  The 
top  of  each  of  these  towers  is  256  feet  above  the  Mer- 
rimack River  and  the  business  portion  of  the  city. 
These  towers  are  supplied  by  means  of  two  Worthing- 
ton  pumps,  each  of  the  capacity  of  2,000,000  gallons  in 
twentv-four  hours.  The  areas  of  the  bodies  of  water 
from  which  this  supply  is  drawm  and  their  altitudes 
above  the  Merrimack  River  and  the  business  portion 
of  the  city  are  as  follows:  — 


AREA. 

ALTITUDE 

Kenoza  Lake, 

234 

acres. 

1 1 2  feet 

Crystal  Lake, 

^75 

u 

148      " 

Lake  Saltonstall, 

41 

u 

118      '' 

Round  Pond, 

38 

a 

148      '' 

After  the  great  fire  in  1882  a  special  connection 
was  made  with  the  ""  high  service,"  /.  e.  the  supply  fur- 
nished through  the  water-towers  for  fire  purposes. 
This  special  fire  service  consists  of  a  twelve-inch  main 
running   through   the   business   portion  of  the   city  and 


164  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

supplyin<;-  the  fire  liydrants  belonging  to  the  city, 
besides  a  number  ot"  reservoirs.  No  other  connection 
with  this  pipe  is  permitted.  It  is  capable  of  throwing 
sixteen  streams  at  once  over  our  highest  business 
blocks  without  the  aid  of  fire-engines.  By  means  of  an 
electric  indicator  the  height  of  the  water  in  the  water- 
towers  is  recorded  in  the  city  fire-engine  houses  and  at 
the  company's  pumping  station.  The  city  fire  alarm  is 
also  connected  with  the  company's  pumping  station, 
where  the  Worthington  pumps  are  always  ready  for 
immediate  use.  It  is  the  duty  of  the  company's  en- 
gineer during  the  progress  of  each  fire  to  keep  the 
water  in  the  water-towers  at  a  height  sufficient  for  the 
greatest  demands  for  fire  purposes.  The  city  owns 
and  uses  150  hydrants  for  fire  service,  the  water  for  all 
of  which  is  furnished  by  the  Aqueduct  Company  free 
of  any  charge  or  expense  to    the  citizens. 

The  water  supply  for  the  City  of  Haverhill,  for 
domestic,  mechanical,  and  fire  purposes,  has  thus  far 
been  so  abundant  that  never  have  an}'  restrictions  on 
the  liberal  and  even  wasteful  use  of  water  been  called 
for.  The  present  water  supply  is  sufiicient  for  a  city 
of  one  hundred  thousand  inhabitants,  even  without  re- 
sort to  additional  dams  or  the  use  of  the  large  natural 
storage  basins  in  the  vicinity  of  the  lakes.  Under  the 
present  system  of  supply  Haverhill  is  practically  sup- 
plied with  two  aqueducts.  Each  side  of  the  city  has 
its  lake  above  the  river  level  and  also  a  capacious 
water-tower.  Should  an  accident  happen  to  the  works 
on  one  side  of  the  city,  an  ample  supply  could  be  ob- 
tained from  the  other  until  such  time   as  repairs  could 


VARIOUS    THINGS.  165 

be  conveniently  made.  Owing  to  the  abundance  of 
water  and  the  advantageous  location  of  its  sources,  the 
three  thousand  water  services  are  furnished  at  rates  as 
low  as  in  any  New  England  city.  The  present  per- 
fection of  our  water  system  is  due  to  the  fact  that  the 
Haverhill  Aqueduct  Compan\-  has  spared  no  expense 
to  make  its  equipments  and  capacity  fully  adequate  to 
the  demands  of  the  rapidly  growing  city  in  which  it  is 
situate. 

With  the  natural  adxantages  afforded  by  the 
vicinity  of  the  lakes,  aided  by  the  institution  of  the 
high-pressure  service  abo\e  referred  to,  the  tire  depart- 
ment of  Haverhill  is  one  of  the  most  efficient,  and, 
being  thoroughly  equipped,  organized,  and  trained,  is 
ever  ready  for  service  when  called  upon.  The  depart- 
ment consists  of  one  hundred  and  fortN'-nine  officers 
and  men,  and  includes  one  chief  engineer,  four  assistant 
engineers,  seven  foremen,  seven  assistant  foremen, 
three  engineers  of  steamers,  three  stokers  of  steamers, 
fifteen  hook  and  ladder  men  and  thirty  hose  men,  two 
drivers  of  steamers,  three  drivers  of  hose  wagons,  one 
driver  of  a  chemical  engine,  one  driver  of  a  hook  and 
ladder  truck,  and   one   man  who   acts  as  spare  driver. 

The  city  has  spared  no  expense  to  make  the 
department  efficient.  The  apparatus  consists  of  three 
steamers  (all  of  the  Amoskeag  make),  one  chemical 
engine,  one  two-horse  hose  wagon,  two  one-horse  hose 
wagons,  one  supph"  wagon,  one  hook  and  ladder  truck, 
one  one-horse  hose  carriage,  three  hand  hose  carriages, 
two  hand  engines,  one  engineer's  wagon,  and  one 
chemical  and  protective  wagon  combined,  with  tbrty- 
three  thousand  feet  of  hose  and  thirteen  horses. 


l66  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS* 

There  are  seven  engine  houses,  five  in  the  city 
proper,  one  at  Rocks  ViUage,  and  one  at  Ayer's  Vil- 
lage. A  tire  alarm  telegraph  is  connected  with  the  dif- 
ferent engine  houses.  The  system  at  present  consists 
of  twenty-seven  boxes,  nineteen  miles  of  wire  divided 
into  four  circuits,  one  bell  striker,  seven  indicators, 
eight  gongs,  a  five  circuit  repeater,  and  one  hundred 
and  three  cells  of  batteries. 

The  efficiency  of  the  department  is  also  increased 
by  the  fact  that  the  fire  alarm  is  connected  with  the 
pumping  station,  w^here,  immediately  after  an  alarm  is 
given,  the  pumps  are  set  in  motion  by  the  engineer  to 
replenish  the  water  drawn  from  the  reservoirs  of  the 
high-pressure  service.  With  these  facilities  and  with 
the  present  organization  of  the  department  it  is  evident 
that  a  fire  is  not  likely  to  make  great  headway  in  the 
cit}'.  One  ma}'  infer  the  efficiency  of  the  department 
and  of  the  men  comprising  it  from  the  following  record 
of  fires  taken  from  the  chief  engineers  annual  report: 
Wingate  School,  insurance  $10,000,  loss  $68;  Num- 
bers I  to  17  Essex  Street,  insurance  $7,800,  loss  $21; 
Hilldale  Avenue,  insurance  $2,400,  loss  $20;  Park 
Street,  insurance  $3,000,  loss  $85. 

This  naturally  suggests  the  subject  of  insurance. 
Of  course  the  facilities  for  obtaining  insurance  in 
Haverhill  are  much  like  those  of  other  places.  Nearly 
all  the  American  and  foreign  companies  are  repre- 
sented, and  the  rates  of  insurance  are  in  accordance 
with  risk  and  hazard.  It  must  be  confessed,  that,  for 
five  3ears  past,  the  insurance  business  has  not  been  a 
remunerative    one    for    the    insurers.       The    great    fire 


VARIOUS    THINGS.  167 

February  17,  1882,  cost  the  insurance  companies  two 
and  a  half  millions  ot^  dollars,  and  the  losses  by  fire 
durino-  the  years  from  1882  to  1887  were  also  dispro- 
portionately large,  but,  since  the  high-pressure  service 
was  introduced,  and  since  the  appointment  of  the  build- 
ing inspector  and  the  increase  of  the  fire  department, 
the  losses  to  the  insurance  companies  in  Haverhill  are 
not  more  than  in  any  other  cit\-  of  the  size,  as  can  be 
shown  by  the  abo\e  mentioned  report  of  the  chief  of 
the  fire  department. 

The  New  England  Exchange  placed  a  very  high 
rate  of  tarifi"  on  Haverhill  property  soon  after  the  fire 
of  1882,  but  reduced  it  fifty  cents  on  mercantile  risks 
as  soon  as  the  high-pressure  service  was  introduced. 
And  now,  the  Exchange  is  willing  to  reduce  the  tarifi' 
on  any  individual  risk,  if  the  owner  will  make  certain 
impro\ements,  such  as  supplying  the  buildings  with 
automatic  sprinklers,  automatic  fire  alarms,  and  shut- 
ters, and  will  use  gas  instead  of  kerosene  oil.  Indeed, 
it  only  depends  upon  the  insured  to  have  his  propertv 
rated  as  low  as  in  any  city  in  the  United  States  if  he 
will  follow  the  suggestions  made  tor  protection  against 
fire  by  the  New  England  Exchange.  In  fact,  many  of 
our  recently  erected  buildings,  and  the  older  ones  as 
well,  ha\e  been  supplied  with  the  improvements 
alluded  to,  so  that  the  expense  of  insurance  on  these 
buildings  is  about  one  third  of  the  cost  in  other  similar 
buildings  where  the  improvements  have  not  been 
made. 

Since  the  fire  by  which  the  City  Hall  was  burnt  up, 
the    citv  authorities,  in  conformitv  with  the    wishes  of 


l68  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

the  Exchange,  have  increased  the  apparatus  of  the  fire 
department  by  the  addition  of  a  new  and  improved 
truck,  and,  in  order  to  make  the  personnel  of  the  de- 
partment more  efficient,  have  decided  to  elect  the  chief 
enofineer  to  serve  durino-  o-ood  behavior  instead  of 
subjecting  him  to  the  risks  of  an  annual  election.  The 
engines  are  to  be  more  wndely  scattered  by  the  erec- 
tion of  nev^  engine  houses,  which  will  enable  the 
department  to  reach  the  suburbs  in  reasonable  time. 
Among  modern  conveniences  which  it  is  the  privi- 
lege of  Haverhill  to  possess  and  utilize  is  its  street 
railway  system,  and  the  facilities  it  affords  alike  for 
business  and  recreation  rank  high  among  the  advan- 
tages the  city  possesses.  It  appears,  b}^  the  nineteenth 
(1888)  annual  report  of  the  Railroad  Commissioners, 
taken  in  connection  with  the  last  census,  that  the 
Haverhill  and  Groveland  Street  Railway  Company  had 
a  greater  mileage  of  track  to  each  thousand  of  the  popu- 
lation in  the  communities  served  by  it  than  any  other 
street  railway  S3'stem  in  the  commonwealth.  By  its 
cars  the  greater  part  of  the  citizens  of  Bradford,  Grove- 
land,  and  West  Newbury  are  enabled  to  conveniently 
reach  the  markets  of  Haverhill,  to  the  mutual  advan- 
tage of  buyer  and  seller.  Its  influence  is  also  most 
important  and  beneficial  in  leading  to  the  building  up 
of  the  suburban  portions  of  Haverhill.  It  has  been 
true  in  the  past,  that  the  city  was  too  compact,  alike 
for  health  and  beauty.  This  came  about  from  the 
unwillingness  of  its  people  to  dwell  be3'ond  easy  walk- 
ing distance  of  their  work.  Now  they  are  availing 
themselves  of  this  cheap  and   easy  method  of  reaching 


VARIOUS    THINGS.  169 

the  vacant  spaces  beyond,  which  are  fast  being  dotted 
with  houses,  combining  the  main  advantages  of  the 
city  and  country.  Otliers  wlio  ah^eady  own  houses  in 
the  compact  ])art  of  tlie  citv,  and  so  cannot  without 
loss  wholly  remo\e  tVom  it,  are  yet  glad  to  avail  them- 
selves of  the  street  car  service  in  the  warm  season  by 
boarding  tlieir  I'amilies  at  some  point  in  the  rural  por- 
tion of  Haverhill  or  in  some  one  of  the  towns  adjoining, 
from  which  they  can  easily  reach  the  center  of  busi- 
ness in  the  city  and  return  at  night,  or  earlier,  to  their 
t'amilies. 

The  officers  of  the  company  have,  from  the  first, 
made  special  efforts  to  run  cars  at  such  times  as  to 
best  accommodate  the  working  people,  thinking  that 
the  claims  of  those  who  are  regular  patrons  and  de- 
pendent upon  their  daily  labor  are  tirst  to  be  con- 
sidered. At  morning,  noon,  and  night  as  many  as  ten 
cars,  and  often  more,  run  to  and  from  the  shoe  manu- 
facturing district,  almost  or  quite  empty  one  way,  and 
carrying   operatives  almost   exclusivel}'  the  other  way. 

In  the  season  when  those  whose  means  and  busi- 
ness permit  it  abandon  the  city  for  the  pleasures  and 
relaxations  which  summer  resorts  afford,  the  "stay-at- 
homes  "  find  relief  from  heat  and  weariness  on  the 
open  cars  which  bear  them  out  in  a  tew  minutes  to  the 
heights  overlooking  the  valley  of  Little  River  and  the 
charming  country  beyond,  or  along  the  Merrimack 
vallc}'  amid  scenery  which  has  furnished  themes  and 
inspiration  alike  for  poet  and  artist,  and,  better  yet,  has 
afforded  year  after  year  to  thousands  of  the  toil-worn 
such    pleasure   as    neither   poet   nor   artist   could    give. 


170  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

From  the  SiKcr  Hill  terminus  of  the  street  railway, 
Head's  Hill  in  Bradtbrd,  with  the  river  expanding  into 
the  semblanee  of  a  lake  at  its  base,  are  seen  to  good 
advantage.  For  a  eonsiderable  part  of  the  distance 
between  Haverhill  and  the  \'illage  of  Groveland  the 
highway  is  so  near  the  ri\er  that  the  passengers  on  the 
open  cars  can  watch  with  ease  the  \arious  crafts  which 
at  that  season  abound  upon  the  noble  river,  and  enjoy 
the  cool  breeze  which  almost  always  tempers  the  heat 
along  its  shores.  From  the  substantial  and  nearly  new 
iron  bridge  over  the  Merrimack  at  Groveland  a  fine 
view  up  and  down  the  river  is  obtained.  Be3'ond  that 
point,  the  highway  in  which  the  tracks  are  laid  is  at  a 
greater  distance  from  the  river,  which,  however,  comes 
into  view  for  short  stretches  all  through  the  ride  to 
West  Newbury.  A  more  charming  picture  than  that 
made  by  Rocks  Village  and  the  bridge  with  their 
environments,  as  seen  from  the  westerly  part  of  the  vil- 
lage of  West  Newbury,  it  would  be  hard  to  find  in  the 
lower  Merrimack  valley. 

In  speaking  of  the  street  railway,  one  familiar  with 
its  history  must  always  call  to  mind,  with  deep  regret 
lor  his  untimely  decease,  the  late  George  W.  Duncan, 
without  whose  persistent  efibrts,  it  is  safe  to  say,  Haver- 
hill would  have  had  no  street  cars  for  at  least  five  and 
probably  ten  years  later  than  the  time  (1877)  when  they 
were  introduced.  At  that  time  it  was  much  more  diffi- 
cult to  raise  twenty-four  thousand  dollars  in  Haverhill 
for  any  purpose  than  it  would  be  to  raise  a  hundred 
thousand  dollars  now.  And  there  were  practically  none 
at  that  time  who  believed  a  street  railway  anywhere   in 


VARIOUS    THINGS.  171 

Haverhill  would  pay.  That  it  did  pay  moderately 
from  the  tirst  was  due,  in  part,  to  exeeptionally  favora- 
ble eircumstanees.  It  was  a  line  of  only  three  miles  in 
length,  connectini;  the  considerable  \illage  of  Grove- 
land  with  the  business  center  of  Haverhill  over  a  prac- 
tically level  road.  Still,  it  would  have  been  easy,  in 
spite  of  those  advantages,  to  operate  the  road  at  a  loss, 
and  that  result  would  probably  ha\  e  followed  but  for 
the  carel'ul  management  of  its  lirst  directors,  the  Hon. 
Jackson  B.  Swett,  the  Hon.  Levi  Taylor,  James  D. 
White,  Eben  Mitchell,  and  George  W.  Duncan,  the  lat- 
ter having  also,  as  treasurer,  the  general  management 
of  the  business. 

From  the  small  beginning  in  1877,  with  only  four 
cars  and  eight  horses,  it  has  increased  until  in  1888  it 
had  thirty-eight  cars,  eighty-five  horses,  and  a  capital 
stock  of  $144,000,  representing  mone\-  actually  paid  in, 
principally  owned  in  Ha\erhill,  and  being  a  larger 
amount  than  that  invested  in  any  other  single  business 
enterprise  in  the  city,  except,  perhaps,  that  of  supplying 
it  with  water,  and  possibly  the  flannel  manufacturing 
business  of  M.  T.  Stevens  and  Company. 

The  commercial  facilities  of  Haverhill  are  as  good 
as  can  be  desired  and  include  direct  transportation  both 
by  rail  and  by  water  from  all  points.  The  great  Boston 
and  Maine  Railroad,  which  has  arms  extending  in  all 
directions,  has  three  freight  and  three  passenger  depots 
within  five  minutes'  walk  of  the  heart  of  the  city.  From 
these  more  than  twenty-five  freight  and  seventy-six 
passsenger  trains  arrive  and  depart  every  twenty-four 
hours.     In  addition  to  this,  the  city  has  been  made  a 


1^2  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

billing  point  within  the  past  year, thus  saving  thousands 
of  dollars  to  shippers  annually.  Haverhill  is  also  at 
the  head  of  navigation  of  the  Merrimaek  River.  From 
this  point  to  the  sea,  a  distanee  of  sixteen  miles,  the 
channel  of  the  river  is  broad  and  deep.  More  than  a 
hundred  schooners  and  a  large  number  of  coal,  granite, 
and  lumber  scows  arrive  at  this  port  every  3-ear,  and 
their  cargoes  are  delivered  directly  to  the  business 
localities.  The  river  is  of  indirect  though  none  the  less 
real  value  in  serving,  by  the  opportunities  lor  competi- 
tion it  affords,  to  keep  railway  rates  for  freight  at  a 
reasonable  figure. 

Brick  makingf  beaan  in  Haverhill  more  than  two 
hundred  years  ago,  when  the  husband  of  the  heroic 
Hannah  Duston  was  guarded  by  a  tile  of  soldiers  as  he 
brought  the  clay  from  the  pits  to  the  yard  near  his 
house.  Ever  since  that  eventful  period  Haverhill  has 
not  only  supplied  its  own  bricks,  but  large  quantities 
are  also  sent  to  Lawrence,  Lowell,  and  other  cities  and 
towns.  The  clay  pits  are  situated  about  a  mile  and  a 
half  north  of  the  city  near  the  railroad,  and  the  material 
is  the  best  in  color  and  strength  to  be  found  in  New 
England.  With  the  opportunity  of  taking  the  bricks 
from  the  yard  directly  to  the  building  sites  in  a  half 
hour,  and  in  unlimited  quantity,  it  is  safe  to  assume 
that  Haverhill  will  alwa3's  be  able  to  secure  this  essen- 
tial element  of  substantial  growth  at  as  low  price  as 
an}'  city  in  the  country.  Within  the  city  limits  is  also 
a  fine  granite  yard,  while  the  opportunities  for  bringing 
granite  to  its  very  doors  by  the  Merrimack  River  are 
unsurpassed.     Lumber  and  all  kinds  of  wood  building 


VARIOUS    THINGS.  I  73 

material  are  also  abundant,  and  three  extensive  and 
growintr  firms  supply  everything  that  is  needed  in  that 
line. 

As  can  readilv  be  seen  from  these  facts,  the  strong- 
est inducements  are  otlered  to  prospective  builders  of 
business  blocks,  while  a  house  and  lot  complete,  suitable 
for  any  man  with  a  small  income,  can  be  put  up  for 
from  one  thousand  to  twehe  hiindretl  dollars,  and  this 
on  the  line  of  the  horse  railway  and  within  a  ride  of 
from  fi\e  to  ten  minutes  of  the  business  center  of  the 
city. 

The  newspapers  of  Ilaxerhill  consist  of  two  daily 
and  two  weekly  issues,  which  tind  a  large  circulation 
in  the  adjacent  Massachusetts  and  New  Hampshire 
towns  as  well  as  in  the  city  itself.  There  have  been, 
from  time  to  time,  other  \entures  in  the  held  of  journal- 
ism, but  the  hnal  result  for  the  present  seems  to  suggest 
the  survival  of  the  fittest. 

The  Daily  Bulletin  was  started  July  i,  187 1,  and 
is  therefore  the  oldest  daily  paper  in  the  city.  Its 
publication  was  begun  in  the  tlice  of  great  obstacles 
and  with  many  predictions  as  to  its  ultimate  and  speedy 
collapse.  In  fact,  with  so  little  favor  was  the  scheme 
of  a  daily  paper  in  this  city  viewed  that  only  about  one 
hundred  and  tifty  subscribers  could  be  obtained.  For 
live  years  the  paper  struggled  for  existence,  but  Sep- 
tember 17,  1875,  the  present  proprietors,  I.  L.  Mitchell 
and  Warren  Hoyt,  bought  out  the  original  proprietor, 
Mr.  A.  J.  Hoyt,  and  in  1877  the  Tri-Weekly  Publisher 
was  bought  and  merged  with  it.  Since  that  time  the 
growth  of  the  paper  has  been  gradual  and  steady.     Year 


174  HAVERHILT.,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

by  year  it  has  strengthened  its  hold  upon  the  pubHc,  until, 
today,  it  stands  among  the  leading  dailies  in  Essex 
County.  For  the  lirst  seventeen  years  the  office  and 
plant  were  at  No.  4  Main  Street,  although  its  increasing 
growth  compelled  the  enlargement  ot'  the  establishment 
betbre  the  paper  was  a  decade  old.  In  18S8  new  quar- 
ters were  obliged  to  be  sought,  owing  to  the  tact  that 
additional  room  was  required  for  both  editorial  and  job 
departments.  On  April  5  of  that  year  the  establish- 
ment was  removed  to  the  Daggett  Building,  in  which 
structure  the  Bulletin  now  occupies  three  floors.  It 
boasts  at  the  present  time  one  of  the  most  centrally 
located,  most  convenient,  and  thoroughly  equipped 
establishments  in  this  section  of  the  state.  The  politics 
of  the  paper  have  always  been  Republican,  but  the 
aims  of  its  proprietors  have  been  toward  independence 
rather  than  ultra-partisan.  The  paper  is  also  essentially 
a  local  sheet.  Its  aim  is  to  cover  Haverhill  and  vicinity 
thoroughly,  and,  while  attention  is  given  to  general 
news,  yet  local  news  is  considered  of  the  lirst  and  great- 
est importances.  In  connection  with  the  paper  is  a  large 
book  and  job  printing  establishment  in  which  skilled 
help  is  employed  the  year  round  and  which  has  facili- 
ties for  all  kinds  of  fine  work. 

The  Gazette  goes  back  to  very  early  times  in  the 
history  of  Haverhill,  it  having  been  established  in  1798, 
though  the  daily  edition  was  of  much  later  origin.  It 
publishes  now  both  weekly  and  daily  editions,  the  latter 
printed  on  a  double  cylinder  Hoe  press.  The  Gazette 
has  a  wide  circulation,  and  is  a  brio-ht,  interesting',  and 
influential  paper.     Connected  with  the  establishment  is 


VARIOUS    THINGS.  I  75 

a  large  job  and  book  printin^x  oBicc,  wlierc  is  printed 
the  Popular  Science  News  and  Boston  Journal  of 
Chemistry. 

'Die  people  of  Ilaxerhill  arc  an  amusement  loxing 
and  an  amusement  enjoying  class.  The  supply  is  almost 
always  e(]ual  to  the  demand,  especially  in  a  case  of  this 
sort,  and  in  consequence  Ilaxerhill  is  well  pro\"ided 
with  places  where  its  hard-working  citizens  can  obtain 
rest  and  enjo\'ment  when  the  labors  of  the  da\'  are  o\er. 
First  and  foremost  among  these  is  the  Academy  of 
Music,  one  of  the  prettiest,  best  arranged,  best  equipped, 
and  largest  theaters,  outside  of  Boston,  in  New  England. 
Here  are  presented  the  best  dramatic  attractions  on  the 
road;  and  during  the  season,  which  extends  from  Sep- 
tember to  June,  all  the  stars  in  the  dramatic  firmament 
shine  before  the  people.  Manager  James  F.  West 
exercises  jjood  iudijment  in  securing- talent,  and.althcnitrh 
the  ranire  of  attracticMis  is  lari>e.  including-  comedy, 
tragedy,  yariety,  opera,  both  light  and  heavy,  concerts, 
both  yocal  and  instrumental,  and  those  nondescript 
plays,  neither  one  thing  nor  the  other,  but  which  might 
be  included  under  the  head  of  farces,  yet  only  the  best 
under  that  head  are  booked.  The  a\  erage  is  about  two 
performances  a  week,  and  hence,  as  may  be  readily 
seen,  as  far  as  theatrical  performances  are  concerned 
no  place  in  America  of  its  size  is  better  supplied.  The 
names  of  Booth,  Barrett,  (  Lawrence  and  Wilson,)  Keene, 
Dowling,  Mrs.  Langtry,  Julia  Marlow^e,  Georgia  Cayvan, 
Joseph  Jefl:erson,  Margaret  Mather,  Fanny  Davenport, 
Modjeska,  Janauschek,  Rhea,  Lotta,  Annie  Pixley, 
Denman  Thompson,  Gilmore's  Band  and  Boston  Sym- 


176  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

phony  Orchestra  are   not  only  familiar  to  Haverhill  but 
they  have  been  seen  again  and  again  upon  its  stage. 

In  addition  there  is  never  a  season  in  which  one  or 
more  courses  of  lectures  and  semi-private  entertain- 
ments are  not  given.  The  city  boasts  talent  and  genius, 
fine  musicians,  good  vocalists,  amateur  actors,  and  elocu- 
tionists, and  they  are  never  loth  to  respond  to  the  calls 
made  upon  them  for  charitable  and  social  purposes. 
Moreover  the  bazaar,  fair,  sale,  epidemic  under  various 
disguises,  rages  as  virulently  in  Flaverhill  as  is  possible, 
and  their  number  is  legion.  Such  are  some  of  the  amuse- 
ments which  attract  and  entertain  our  citizens  in  winter, 
to  say  nothing  of  skating  rinks,  sleighing  parties,  ice 
skating,  either  on  the  river  or  on  the  beautiful  lakes 
with  which  the  vicinity  abounds,  dances  private  and 
public,  etc.,  but  it  is  in  summer  that  Haverhill  affords 
amusements  which  far  surpass  those  offered  by  the 
ordinary  small  city. 

On  the  beautiful  Merrimack  River,  which  equals  in 
clear,  tranquil,  calm  beauty  any  similar  river  in  this 
country,  pleasure  steamers  ply,  loaded  with  human 
freight,  every  pleasant  summer  day,  bound  either  for 
the  salt  and  invigorating  breezes  to  be  found  at  "  Black 
Rocks,"  the  Coney  Island  of  New  England,  or  else  to 
find  rest  and  shady  coolness  in  the  nooks  and  woody 
ravines  of  Eagle  Island,  The  Pines,  and  Balch's  Grove, 
public  places  for  picnic  devotees  which  lie  along  the 
ighteen  mile  stretch  from  Haverhill  to  the  mouth  of 
the  river.  Within  a  radius  of  twenty,  nay  ten,  miles 
from  the  very  heart  of  business  life,  over  twenty  lakes 
lie    nestled     among    the    green    fields,    surrounded    by 


VARIOUS    THINGS.  177 

groves  of  large  and  beautiful  trees.  To  these  also  dur- 
ing the  summer  months  the  seekers  after  rest  and 
amusement  make  their  wa\'  to  picnic  and  enjo\-  the 
out-door  sports  of  which  Americans,  especially  Young 
America,  are  so  fond.  In  summer  also  amateur  base 
ball  teams  flourish,  and  on  the  large  and  well  equipped 
grounds,  known  as  '^Recreation  Park,"  furnish  enter- 
tainment to  many.  The  list  might  be  continued  inde- 
finitely, for  Haverhill  boasts  several  lawn  tennis  clubs, 
two  yacht  clubs,  a  large  number  of  amateur  boatmen, 
hunters  and  fishermen  galore,  a  good  half-mile  track  on 
which  meetings  which  draw  out  good  exhibitions  of 
speed  are  held,  a  rifle  club,  a  bicycle  club,  an  amateur 
photographers''  club,  etc.,  etc.  In  truth  the  opportunities 
aflbrded  for  amusement,  no  matter  what  the  season  of 
the  year  ma}'  be,  are  many  and  are  enjoyed  to  their  full 
extent. 

The  Kenoza  Club,  an  association  of  gentlemen 
already  referred  to,  has  recently  developed  an  access  of 
energy  and  has  added  to  its  house  on  the  edge  of  the 
lake  from  which  it  derives  its  name  a  lar^-e  veranda 
and  pavilion  which  handsomely  equips  it  for  social 
pleasures. 

While  it  is  unnecessary  in  Haverhill  for  a  new- 
comer to  be  a  member  of  some  secret  organization  in 
order  to  receive  cordial  recognition  and  welcome,  it 
should  be  stated  that  those  belonging  to  almost  any 
secret  or  social  ortjanization  in  existence  will  And  socie- 
ties  ready  to  give  them  the  fraternal  sign  and  greeting. 
The  flrst  Free  Mason's  lodge  was  chartered  in  1802. 
There  are  at  present  two  lodges,  a  chapter  of  Royal 


178 


HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 


Arch  Masons,  a  council  of  Select  and  Royal  Masters, 
a  Commander}'  of  Knights  Templar  of  188  members, 
the  Lodge  of  Perfection,  Princes  of  Jerusalem  Council, 
Rose  Croix  Chapter,  and  a  Kadash  Council.     There  are 


ODD    FELLOWS     BUILDING. 


seven  lodges  of  Odd  Fellows  with  a  very  large  mem- 
bership, beside  large  orders  of  Knights  of  Pythias, 
Knights  of  Honor,  Red  Men,  Pilgrim  Fathers,  Ancient 
Order  of  Hibernians,  United  American  Mechanics,  and 
many  others,  in  all  comprising  thirty  or  more  different 
organizations,  some  of  them  having  tine  club  rooms  as 
well  as  halls  for  business.     In  addition  to  these  there 


VARIOUS    THINGS.  I79 

arc  two  line  private  social  organizations,  the  Pentucket 
Club  and  the  Wachusett  Club,  each  having  most  pleasant 
and  tasteful  quarters  which  do  much  to  add  to  the  social 
attractions  of  city. 

A  rich  and  extensive  farming  countr}-  depends 
largely  upon  IIa\erhill  for  a  market  for  its  products  of 
the  soil.  Fresh  supplies  for  the  table  can  alwa\'s  be 
found  in  abundance  and  at  low  prices.  Rents  var}' 
from  eight  dollars  per  month  for  tenements  of  five  or 
six  rooms  to  fifteen  dollars  for  those  of  the  latest 
modern  conveniences,  and  whole  houses  rent  for  from 
the  latter  tigures  to  thirty  dollars  per  month.  Board 
for  mechanics  costs  from  three  to  five  dollars  per  week, 
and  at  the  hotels  from  six  to  nine  per  week.  These 
hgures  can  only  be  given  approximately,  but,  taking 
into  consideration  the  attractions  and  ad\antages  of  the 
cit\',  both  natural  and  acquired,  as  a  place  of  residence, 
the  cost  of  li\ing  is  remarkably  low.  Mechanics  in 
many  cases  own  their  own  houses  and  in  all  cases 
thev  can  do  so.  Haverhill  has  as  many  cozv  little 
homes  owned  b\"  workingmen  as  an\"  other  citv  of  its 
size  in  the  Union.  This  is  largch'  due,  not  alone  to  the 
encouragement  given  them  to  build  by  the  public 
spirited  capitab'st,  but  more  especially  to  the  two  local 
co-operative  banks,  which  in  other  parts  of  the  country 
are  known  as  building,  loan,  or  savings  associations. 
Institutions  of  this  kind  are  doubtless  among  the  great- 
est boons  of  a  private  nature  to  working  people  that  have 
been  ottered  them  in  this  country.  The  two  banks  re- 
ferred to  are  both  in  an  exceedin"h'  fiourishinty  condi- 
tion,  having  a  large  accumulated  capital  gathered 
from  the  savin^-s  of  working  men  and  women. 


A  I^LAct:   ro  Live  In. 


The  bcautirul  situation  ol'  Ilaxerhill  upon  the  banks 
of  tlic  noble  Merrimack,  the  eommandin<)^  heights  upon 
whieli  our  houses  can  be  so  built  that  almost  all  ma\- 
ha\  e  magnirieent  \  lews  of  the  river  valley  and  the 
surroundini!-  eountr\-,  and  also  a  tiood  of  sunli";ht 
and  an  abundance  of  pure  air,  form  natural  advantages 
which  few  cities  can  boast,  but  which  are  by  no  means 
all  that  we  enjoy. 

Far  enough  from  the  sea  to  have  the  raw  east 
winds  somewhat  tempered,  near  enough  to  the  moun- 
tains to  get  their  unadulterated  health-giving  air,  there 
is  no  blessing  which  the  climate  of  New  England  can 
give  that  is  not  ours.  The  elevation  of  the  river  banks 
raises  them  from  whatever  danger  might  arise  from 
dampness,  and  affords  admirable  facilities  for  the  best 
drainage  through  a  soil  that  has  sufficient  fertility  and 
is  of  such  variety  as  to  afford   flourishing  life  to  all  the 


l82  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

beautiful  trees,  flowers,  and  vegetables,  either  native  or 
imported,  which  thrive  anywhere  in  New  England. 
The  fine  shade-trees  in  almost  all  the  streets  occupied 
by  residences  form  a  marked  feature  of  the  attractive- 
ness of  the  city,  and  one  which  is  seldom  found  in  a 
manufacturing  community. 

The  four  beautiful  lakes,  to  the  banks  of  which 
some  of  our  most  attractive  building  lots  have  been 
extended,  ofter,  in  addition  to  an  abundant  supply  of 
pure  water  for  all  purposes,  suburban  walks  and  drives 
of  unexcelled  beauty. 

In  fact,  the  hills  of  Haverhill,  especially  those 
overlooking  these  lovely  lakes  and  the  glorious  river, 
are  among  the  most  lin'ored  spots  on  earth  for  human 
residence,  affording  opportunities  for  the  most  delight- 
ful surroundings.  Every  acre  is  so  situated  that  a 
desirable  home  may  be  made  upon  it,  adapted  to  every 
taste  in  regard  to  altitude,  grade,  and  exposure.  The 
infinite  variety  of  slopes  to  every  point  of  the  compass 
enables  one  to  choose  where  the  morning  and  the  even- 
ing sun  shall  shine  upon  his  house,  whether  he  shall  be 
protected  from  the  north,  the  south,  the  east,  or  the  west 
winds,  or  whether  he  shall  welcome  the  breezes  from 
every  point. 

No  similar  advantages  does  any  other  city  in  the 
country  furnish  within  so  short  a  distance  from  a  com- 
mon center.  The  incalculable  blessing  of  such  homes 
to  the  character  of  an  entire  community  cannot  be 
overestimated.  The  child  brought  up  among  such 
glorious  surroundings  cannot  fail  to  be  affected  by  their 
elevating  influences,  and   must   imbibe  insensibly  high. 


A    PLACE    TO    LIVE    IN.  I 83 

strong,  and  wholesome  habits  of  thought.  To  the 
hard-worked  man  nothing  affords  greater  relief,  gives 
greater  strength  tor  the  dail\-  struggle,  than  the  ability 
in  one  moment  to  turn  his  back  upon  the  din  and 
turmoil  and  dust  and  confusion,  the  inevitable  concomi- 
tants of  busy  quarters,  and  from  his  hill-side  cottage 
breathe  the  pure  air  of  heaven,  with  one  of  the  most 
perfect  of  earth's  pictures  stretched  before  his  eye. 

This  is  no  imaginary  sketch.  Every  man  that  can 
buy  a  house  lot  or  that  can  pay  rent  has  it  in  his  power 
to  choose  one  of  these  situations,  instead  of  huddling 
close  to  his  factory  on  the  river  bank,  because  he  is  too 
lazy  or  too  indifferent  to  choose  more  wisely.  Every 
inch  of  land  in  the  lower  levels  of  the  city  is  none  too 
much  for  its  business  uses,  and,  by  the  aid  of  the 
horse  railway  for  the  more  distant  parts,  a  large  extent 
of  our  territory  is  made  axailable  for  dwellings.  Every 
house  can  be  within  easy  reach  of  one  or  more  of  our 
fine  bodies  of  water,  affording  delight  to  the  eye  as 
well  as  boating,  fishing,  and  bathing  facilities.  The 
noble  Merrimack,  flowing  at  our  feet,  is  no  small  item 
in  the  grand  sum  of  benefits  which  nature  has  be- 
stowed upon  this  spot,  enabling  us  to  reach  the  great 
ocean  and  by  it  all  the  ports  of  the  world.  The  water 
in  this  river  is  deep  enough  to  float  to  our  wharves 
vessels  larger  than  those  employed  in  our  merchant 
marine  when  this  county  led  the  whole  continent  in  its 
foreign  commerce.  That  the  river  can  be  utilized  as 
a  water  power  is  the  opinion  of  competent  engineers, 
another  gift  of  nature  not  to  be  overlooked. 


184  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

The  distance  from  Boston  (to  which  it  is  near 
enousfh  for  the  convenient  transaction  of  the  business 
which  naturally  gravitates  to  great  centers,  and  from 
which  it  is  far  enough  not  to  be  absorbed  as  a  suburb ) 
is  an  advantage  the  importance  of  which  can  hardly  be 
overestimated,  enabling  us  to  form  a  society  suthciently 
independent  to  have  a  character  of  its  own,  vet  within 
such  easy  reach  of  cosmopolitan  influences  as  to  avoid 
all  danger  of  provincialism.  On  our  frequent  trips  to 
the  metropolis,  the  beautiful  glimpses  of  wood,  meadow, 
lake,  and  river  in  the  short  hour's  journe}'  afford  a  pleas- 
ing variety  which  is  an  alleviation  to  the  toil  of  the  day. 

But  it  is  not  to  natural  advantages  alone  that  one 
looks  when  about  to  take  up  a  new  residence.  Reli- 
gion, the  recognition  of  God  as  an  object  of  worship, 
love,  and  obedience,  the  corner-stone  on  which  our 
civilization  rests,  calling  out  as  it  does  the  best  there  is 
in  us,  must  occupy  a  prominent  place  in  every  man's 
thoughts.  Whatever  form  of  Christian  belief  one  may 
hold,  he  can  be  reasonably  sure  of  finding  some  of  his 
household  of  faith  established  in  this  city,  ready  to  wel- 
come him  with  kindl}^  sympathy.  In  few  communities 
does  the  religious  spirit  hold  stronger  sway,  ever}^  year 
showing  an  advance  in  this  direction,  owing  perhaps  in 
large  measure  to  the  fact  that  in  all  sects  religious  wor- 
ship has  been  freed  from  much  of  its  old  time  austerity. 

The  opportunities  for  education  are  ample  in  almost 
every  New  England  city,  but  here  in  Haverhill  we  are 
especially  favored  in  our  admirable  educational  advan- 
tages for  both  sexes  and  for  all  ages.  We  have  not 
only  our  excellent  public  schools,  at  the  head  of  which 


A    PLACK    TO    LIVE    IN.  1 85 

stands  a  hioh  scliool  at  which  our  young-  men  are 
fitted  for  college  or  for  the  duties  of  citizenship,  but  in- 
numerable chihs  and  associations,  havino-  for  their  ulti- 
mate  object  the  better  education  of  men  and  women. 
Our  public  school  system,  receivintr  the  active  and  intel- 
ligent support  of  our  best  citizens  on  its  committees,  and 
being  peculiarly  fa\ ored  in  its  well-established  teachers, 
meets  the  approbation  of  all,  and  the  results  achieved 
by  it  are  eminentl}-  satisfactory.  Our  private  schools, 
beginning  with  those  for  children  of  the  tenderest  years, 
are  conducted  on  the  best  plans,  instilling  ideas  and 
j>rinci}iles  which  it  was  once  thought  could  be  obtained 
nowhere  but  at  home.  In  this  connection  we  must  not 
forget  the  close  proximity  of  the  Bradford  Academy  for 
girls,  which  has  almost  a  national  reputation,  and  an 
excellent  prixate  school  tor  boys,  just  across  the  river. 

The  old-fashioned  lyceum  seems  to  ha\e  ceased  to 
exist,  but  in  its  place  we  have  numerous  literary  clubs 
which  are  often  instructed  by  the  best  talent  in  this 
country  or  perhaps  in  the  world;  and  under  the  auspices 
of  our  N'arious  societies,  notably  the  Young  Men's  Chris- 
tian Association,  lectures  and  other  instructive  enter- 
tainments atibrd  ample  opportunities  for  mental  im- 
provement. Greater  facilities  are  now^  being  offered 
for  our  musical  education,  which  has  hitherto  been 
somewhat  neglected,  and  we  hope  soon  to  furnish  ap- 
preciative audiences  for  the  encouragement  of  the  best 
music,  which  is  always  at  our  command.  The  drama 
in  a  sufficiently  elevating  form  to  have  an  educational 
intiuence  can  hardly  be  said  to  have  gained  a  perma- 
nent foothold  with  us,  notwithstanding  the  ample  facili- 


l86  HAVERHILL,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

ties  furnished  by  the  able  management  of  our  beautiful 
Academy  of  Music,  but  we  hope,  as  we  progresss  in 
wisdom  and  prosperity,  soon  to  add  this  to  our  privi- 
leges. 

Drawing,  painting,  and  even  sculpture  have  their 
part  in  our  schools,  and,  together  with  classes  especiall}' 
devoted  to  these  branches  of  fine  art,  have  succeeded 
in  developing  talent  of  which  we  have  reason  to  be 
proud.  That  we  show  a  keen  appreciation  of  good  work 
is  the  verdict  of  some  of  the  first  artists  in  the  coun- 
try. As  a  powerful  instrument  for  intellectual  improve- 
ment and  recreation,  we  have  a  public  library,  well 
endowed  and  admirably  conducted.  According  to  the 
report  of  the  commissioner  of  education  there  are  but 
nine  free  lendino-  libraries  laro-cr  than  ours,  which  con- 
tains  forty-five  thousand  volumes.  Physical  education 
is  receiving  more  attention,  as  the  establishment  of  an 
excellent  gymnasium  with  competent  teachers,  in  con- 
nection with  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association, 
attests;  and  the  numerous  ponies  with  children  on  their 
backs  in  our  streets  show  that  the  important  branch  of 
horsemanship  is  not  neglected.  Dancing  schools  have 
also  been  established  and  are  well  patronized.  In  con- 
sidering- the  social  life  of  Haverhill,  it  can  be  said  bv 
the  writer,  that  there  is  no  place  it  has  been  his  good 
fortune  to  visit,  in  a  somewhat  extended  experience  of 
towns  in  this  country,  where  so  cordial  a  welcome  is 
extended  to  the  new  comer,  where  a  man  so  instantly 
finds  himself  in  possession  of  all  the  privileges  which 
are  often  obtained  only  at  the  expense  of  long  resi- 
dence.     He   can   speak  from  his  own   experience   and 


A    PLACE    TO    LIVE    IN.  I 87 

that  of  every  adopted  citizen,  who  will  join  heartil}'  in 
this  expression.  It  is  impossible  to  say  too  much  of 
the  lieartN'  ^ood-will  ami  kindliness  of  spirit  which  ij^reet 
e\  erv  man,  woman,  and  child  who  enters  the  arena  in 
whatexer  capacity,  pi(n  ide  a  i'air  held  for  the  exercise 
of  exery  talent,  and  aid  ever}'  laudable  etibrt  however 
humble. 

That  we  are  hedged  in  b\'  no  artificial  barriers  is 
one  of  our  greatest  blessings,  and  one  which  more  than 
an\  thing  else  perhaps  invites  accession  to  our  number. 
If  we  do  not  as  fully  as  we  ought  a\ail  ourselves  of  the 
pri\  ileges  ol  mutual  improxement  and  social  enjo\'- 
ment,  it  must  be  laid  to  our  too  great  de\'otion  to  busi- 
ness. For  some  years  we  were  able  to  point  out  to 
the  stranger  our  one  gentlemen  of  leisure,  but  he  has 
long  since  joined  the  great  arm\'  of  workers,  hnd- 
ing,  presumablw  his  isolated  position  insupportable. 
There  is  no  reason  why  Haverhill  should  not  atford, 
however,  a  deliuhtlul  residence  tor  gentlemen  of  leisure, 
but  business  strife  is  so  hot  the}'  seem  to  have  found  no 
place  so  far.  One  may  reasonably  look  forward,  how- 
ever, to  a  sufficient  cessation  of  this  bus\'  lite  as  to  en- 
able us  to  test  the  admirable  material  we  have  for  social 
enjo\ment.  One  pleasing  feature  is  gaining  daih* 
prominence  and  will  prove  a  great  benefit  to  us,  viz., 
the  increase  in  the  number  of  social  meeting's  of  em- 
plovers  and  emploved.  Nothing  can  add  to  the  general 
solidity  of  a  town  so  much  as  these  pleasant  and  cor- 
dial relations. 

In  an  article  recenth"  published  in  one  of  the  news- 
papers  of   the   city,  after    mentioning    the    beauty,   the 


l88  MAVERHiLL,    MASSACHUSEttS. 

health  (indicated  by  the  bright,  animated  looks,  quick, 
independent  walk,  and  general  air  of  happiness),  and 
the  taste  in  dress  of  the  women  seen  on  our  streets, 
the  writer  goes  on  to  sa}'  of  the  men :  '''"  There  is  a 
brightness,  an  animation,  an  expression  of  shrewdness 
visible  upon  the  lineaments  of  every  passer-by  which 
speaks  volumes  for  its  possessor's  brain,  mind,  and 
soul.  Moreover,  these  characteristics  are  inherent  in 
most  of  the  operatives  in  this  city.  They  are  superior 
in  intellect,  general  knowledge,  and  schooling  to  any 
similar  class  in  America.  They  are  thinking,  reasoning 
men,  strong  in  their  convictions,  outspoken  in  their  opin- 
ions, strong  in  the  faith  inherited  from  sturdy,  indepen- 
dent ancestors."  Formed  of  such  elements,  the  social 
fabric  of  Haverhill  should  be  strong.  The  man  who 
was  3'esterda3^  emplo3'ed  is  to-day  an  employer,  as  ever}^ 
avenue  is  open  to  energetic  and  intelligent  action.  Un- 
der a  republican  form  of  government,  this  may  be  said 
to  be  true  of  every  city  and  town  in  the  land,  but 
every  one  knows  that  in  many  places  local  influences 
often  handicap  the  ambitious  aspirant.  That  the  local 
influences  here  all  favor  the  man  who  tries  to  rise  is 
what  the  writer  desires  especiall}^  to  emphasize. 

The  natural  and  acquired  advantages  of  Haverhill 
have  already  been  frequently  alluded  to,  and  it  remains 
here  but  to  touch  upon  the  use  that  may  be  made  of 
them  in  relation  to  business.  That  the  situation  of  our 
beautiful  city  is  thoroughly  advantageous  for  the  tran- 
saction of  almost  any  kind  of  business  has  been  pointed 
out.  The  fine  sites  for  factories,  extending  for  nine 
miles  on  the  banks  of  the  Merrimack  and   to  the  New 


A    PLACE    TO    LIVE    tN.  189 

Hampshire  line  in  the  Little  Ri\er  valle\',  with  all  the 
achantaiies  of  ri\er  and  railroad  transportation,  the 
healthful  surroundings  without  which  successful  work 
is  impossible,  the  formation  of  the  land,  enabling  us  to 
live  witliin  easy  rich  of  our  factories  and  yet  in  a  diti'er- 
erent  atmosphere,  all  ii^o  to  make  up  a  sum  total  of  in- 
estimable value.  Our  religious,  educational,  and  social 
pri^■ileges  all  ha\  e  immense  weight  in  the  business 
world,  and,  b\  their  influence  on  our  citizens,  become 
active  agents  in  the  promotion  of  ever\'  enterprise. 
Every  business  man  knf)ws  the  \alue  of  intelligent, 
educated,  skilled  workmen,  and  what  a  vast  ditierence 
there  is  in  the  conduct  and  success  of  an  establishment 
where  these  can  be  obtained,  and  one  where  ignorant 
labor  is  employed.  Nowhere  is  this  phase  more  pro- 
pitious than  here. 

A  hirger  question,  and  one  of  greater  import  in  the 
long  run  than  the  mere  question  of  labor  to  the  man 
planting  his  business  here,  is  that  the  whole  conduct  of 
the  atiairs  of  the  citv  b\-  the  selection  of  its  officers  is 
in  the  hands  of  an  intelligent  people  who  make  Haver- 
hill their  permanent  home  and  do  not  leave  us  at  the 
merc\-  of  a  shifting  population.  The  latter  is  often  the 
case  in  manufacturing  towns  where  foreign  capital  alone 
is  invested.  We  are  fortunate  in  that  our  citizens  make 
and  spend  their  money  here.  The  stranger  is  at  once 
impressed  bv  our  elegant  and  comfortable  residences, 
so  superior  in  number  and  beauty  to  those  of  other 
cities  much  larger,  where  prosperity  is  less  generallv 
diffused.  This  is  our  strong  point,  that  we  are  a  homo- 
geneous   household,    depending   upon    each    other    and 


190  tiAVfiRHfLL,    MASSAC!HUSETTS. 

absolutel}'  controlling  our  own  affairs.  If  this  is  not  a 
commiinit\-  which  invites  accessions,  where  can  one  be 
lb  unci  ? 

Our  buildino-  tacilities  are  unexcelled.  The  best  of 
building  stones,  especially  for  foundations,  can  be  bought 
for  little  more  than  the  expense  of  hauling,  as  our  hill- 
sides are  full  of  them.  Good  bricks  are  made  from  the 
best  of  clav  within  our  borders  so  cheaply  that  all  the 
neighboring  cities  are  supplied  b}'  us.  The  river  en- 
ables us  to  bring  timber  and  lime  to  our  wharves  at 
reasonable  rates.  Our  iron  works  furnish  evervthing 
of  machinerv  and  heating  apparatus,  in  successful  com- 
petition with  the  largest  establishments  in  the  country. 
Our  hardware  stores  supply  all  the  materials  in  their 
line  at  wholesale  prices.  So  that  buildings  can  be 
erected  and  equipped  here  to  the  best  advantage. 

An  instance  of  the  latest  building  enterprise  is  seen 
in  the  handsome  Daggett  Building,  which  towers  above 
Merrimack  Street  and  rixals  in  its  appointments  metro- 
politan edihces. 

For  the  prosecution  of  business  the  same  advantages 
applv.  At  no  inland  town  can  coal  be  furnished  so 
cheaply.  River  transportation  and  wharf  privileges 
enable  us  to  procure  all  the  more  bulky  articles,  such 
as  the  timber,  iron  and  other  metals  that  go  into  many 
branches  of  manufacture,  moulding  sand,  granite,  oil, 
tar,  e\'en  cotton  and  wool,  at  rates  which  our  railroads 
are  compelled  to  meet. 

Rents  are  reasonable,  and  the  co-operative  banks 
furnish  the  means  for  the  easy  acquisition  of  homes; 
our    real     estate    owners    favor    the    establishment    of 


DAGGETT    BUILDING. 


192  HAVERHILL,  MASSACHUSETTS. 

homes;  no  land  is  held  at  fanc}'  prices;  the  position 
of  landlord  is  not  sought;  no  place  that  is  worth  living 
in  offers  greater  inducements  tor  householders.  The 
cost  of  living  is  not  excessive,  although  the  general 
prosperity  has  created  a  demand  for  the  best  the  market 
atibrds,  and  consequent!}'  has  somewhat  enhanced  prices 
over  those  of  more  stagnant  communities. 

No  manuiacturer  ever  left  Haverhill  or  ever  will 
leave  it  except  for  the  one  expected  advantage,  cheaper 
labor,  as  the  questions  of  rent,  power,  and  taxes  are 
entirely  subordinate  and  are  manifestly  counter-balanced 
bv  others ;  and,  as  cheaper  labor  has  been  found  to 
result  in  a  product  of  lower  standard,  it  is  only  a  ques- 
tion of  time  and  the  action  of  the  natural  laws  of 
demand  and  supply,  untrammeled  by  artificial  condi- 
tions caused  by  unhealthy  agitation,  when  our  city,  as  a 
center  of  skilled  labor,  will  inevitablv  recall  the  wan- 
dering ones  whose  hearts  are  still  with  us,  together 
with  an  armv  of  new  recruits.  Haverhill  stands  ready 
to  welcome  all. 

Our  banks  especially  favor  the  business  men  of 
Haverhill  and  seek  no  outside  loans  until  every  citizen 
who  by  his  character  shows  himself  worthy  of  credit  is 
accommodated.  The  character  of  our  workmen  has 
been  mentioned,  but  that  we  have  within  easy  reach 
live  thousand  men  in  addition  to  our  own  population  of 
twenty-six  thousand  is  a  tact  worth  considering,  espe- 
cially in  view  of  the  enlargement  of  the  shoe  business, 
as  most  of  these  men  are  skilled  in  that  craft.  But  it  is 
not  to  the  extension  of  the  shoe  business  alone  that  we 
look;  believing  that  a  diversity  of  industries  is  advan- 
tageous to  a  communit}',  we  offer  inducements  to  all. 


A    PLACE    TO    LfVE    IN.  I93 

Our  retail  stores,  siipplyiuo-  ;i  large  surrounding 
country,  are  admirably  conducted  b\-  enterprising  men, 
and  no  one  need  seek  elsewhere  for  the  gratification  ot" 
any  reasonable  want  in  their  line.  Our  ad\"anta<rcs 
might  be  enlarged  upon  almost  indetinitely,  but  the 
scope  of  this  paper  is  mereU  to  mention  some  of  the 
most  maiked,  conhdenth'  trusting  that  thev  will  arrest 
the  attention  of  outsiders.  I^et  us  not  forget,  that,  while 
turnishing  opportunities  for  the  strong  in  mind  and 
body,  the  communit\"  is  not  unmindful  of  those  who  are 
disabled  hv  accitlent  or  ill  health,  who  are  cared  for  in 
our  well  appointed  and  abh'  managed  City  Hos- 
pital, and  that  the  poor  and  unfortunate  are  so  wisely 
assisted  hv  our  bene^•olent  institutions,  the  Old  Ladies" 
Home,  the  Children's  Home,  the  Benevolent  Society, 
etc.,  as  not  to  create  paupers,  wdio  are  consequently 
few  in  number. 


^VtOMI.\'e.^,.^ 


B 


ui^^ioe^s      X  otere^t^ 


OF- 


^-^VERlil^^' 


N,   F.   SaWyer. 


Mr.  N.  F.  Sawyer,  whose  shop  is  in  the  rear  of  72 
Washington  Street,  is  the  manufaeturer  and  patentee 
ot'  the    most   powertlil   heater  for  both   steam   and    hot 


water  heating  yet  invented,  which  possesses  more  heat- 
ing surface  which  comes  in  direct  action  with  the  fire 
than  any  other,  and  for  hot  water  heating  has  the  best 
water  circulation  of  all,  being  free,  rapid,  and  positive. 

196 


Edgar  0,    BuilocK, 

Who  for  1 8  years  had  been  connected  with  dry 
<j^oods  houses  in  Boston,  Ibrmed  in  1S82  a  partnership 
with  C).  W.  Butters,  then  doin^-  a  business  of  $20,000  a 
year  in  the  cutting-  of  shoe  stock.  In  1885  Mr.  Butters 
retired  and  Mr.  Bullock  has  continued  alone.  He  oc- 
cupies the  whole  buildin<i^  at  45  and  47  Washington 
Street  and    the    upper    floor   of   the   next  building.      He 


does  a  business  of  $120,000  a  year,  employs  twent3'-five 
hands  the  year  round,  cutting  over  a  ton  of  leather  a  day. 
Most  of  this  comes  direct  from  the  tanneries,  making 
a  saving'  in  freijj'ht  and  securing-  a  uniform  line  ot  stock. 
This,  with  new  and  improved  machinery,  careful  hand- 
ling, and  a  perfect  system  in  the  factory,  produces  goods 
that  command  a  ready  sale  and  good  prices. 


197 


C,  N.   Rt|odes. 


Mr.  C.  N.  Rhodes,  a  large  dealer  in  ladies''  fur- 
nishing goods,  millinery,  domestics,  oil  and  straw 
carpetings,  rugs,  and  Buttrick's  patterns,  at  Nos.  52 
and  54  Merrimack  Street,  began  business  in  1865  at  No. 
10  Main  Street,  occupying  for  two  years  one  tioor,  the 
two  years  following  two  floors,  while  at  the  end  of  the 
fourth  year  the  demands  of  his  business  for  space  re- 
quired the  whole  building.  After  about  eight  years  he 
removed  to  the  Odd  Fellows'  Building,  No.  28  Main 
Street,  remaining  there  about  nine  years,  w^hence  he 
removed  to  his  present  large  and  commodious  store, 
which  has  a  floor  surface  of  over  forty-two  hundred 
square  feet.  In  accordance  with  the  requirements  of  a 
large  business  at  the  present  day,  he  early  adopted  the 
cash  carrying  system,  using  for  four  ^ears  the  Lamson 
ball  system,  and  for  the  next  four  years  the  Lamson 
wire  system. 

Starting^  at  the  close  of  the  great  War  oi  the  Rebell- 
ion,  when  everything  had  a  fictitious  value,  the  prices 
of  merchandise  have  decreased  almost  continually  up 
to  the  present  hour.  For  example,  imported  corsets, 
which  were  then  sold  at  retail  at  three  dollars  and  a 
half  a  pair,  now  pay  a  profit  at  ninetv-two  cents. 
Spool  cotton  sold  then  for  fifteen  cents,  and  sells 
now  for  two  cents.  Forty-inch  sheeting,  which 
then  sold  for  seventy-five  cents,  sells  now  for  eight 
cents.  Yet  Mr.  Rhodes'  increase  in  trade,  as  measured 
by  the  receipts,  has  more  than  kept  pace  with  the  fall 
in  prices;  and  now  the  services  of  from  ten  to  eighteen 
clerks  are  required. 

198 


S,   R.   Dow, 

Mr.  S.  A.  Dow  began  business  in  a  small  way  in 
this  city  in  the  year  1883,  engaging  in  the  sale  of  pianos, 
organs,  musical  instruments  in  general,  rich  stationery, 
bric-a-brac,  and  so  forth,  but  now,  in  contrast  to  this 
small  beginning,  is  doing  the  largest  business  in  this 
line  in  the  city  of  Ha\erhill  to-day.  He  occupies  the 
store  No.  85  Merrimack   Street,  which   has  been  fitted 


up  purposely  for  his  occupancy.  On  the  tirst  floor  is  his 
salesroom,  which  is  very  handsomely  equipped.  On  the 
second  floor  he  has  a  large  studio,  while  in  the  rear  is 
the  framing  department,  in  which  only  work  of  the  best 
quality  is  done.  Mr.  Dow  is  the  agent  for  some  of  the 
best  musical  instruments  in  the  world,  notably  the 
Henry  Miller,  Behr  Bros.,  Newby,  and  Evans  pianos, 
the  Mason  and  Hamlin,  Estey,  and  Sterling  organs. 


199 


J.   C.   Hardy. 


Mr.  J.  C.  Hardy  is  the  proprietor  of  a  tlourishing 
and  constantly  increasing  business  in  grain,  hay,  straw, 
flour,  coal,  and  wood.  His  warehouse,  forty-ti\e  leet 
by  seventy-five,  is  a  brick  building,  built  by  himself  in 
1870.  It  is  located  at  No.  188  Winter  Street,  on  the 
line  of  the  Boston  and  Maine  Railway,  in  a  situation 
convenient    alike    for    dealer    and   customer.      It  has  a 


cemented  cellar  and  possesses  the  very  necessary  quality 
of  dryness,  so  much  so  as  to  fit  it  for  a  storehouse  for 
grain.  Mr.  Hardy  ships  his  hay  and  straw  from  New 
Hampshire,  Maine,  Canada,  and  New  York,  while  his 
flour  and  grain  he  brings  in  directly  from  the  West.  He 
received  last  year  about  one  thousand  car-loads  of  mer- 
chandise, and  handled  five  hundred  tons  of  hay  and 
about  three  thousand  tons  of  coal.  Since  April,  1887, 
he  has  occupied  No.  8  Emerson  Street  as  a  branch 
store. 


200 


George  H.    Hill, 


Twenty  years  ago  the  subject  of  this  sketch  began 
on  a  small  scale,  in  connection  with  his  father,  C.  H. 
Hill,  who  kept  a  grocer}-  store  at  io8  Winter  Street, 
the  business  to  which,  in  later  years,  he  devoted  his 
entire  energy  and  time.  Ilis  original  stock  consisted 
ola  few  potted  plants  which  were  sold  in  connection 
with  the  store  goods.  As  the  demand  increased  the 
stock  in  trade  enlarged  until  in  a  few  years  the  busi- 
ness had  grown  to  such  proportions  that  he  leased  a 
store,  44  Winter  ^Street,  and  devoted  his  entire  time  to 
the  sale  ot  plants  and  Howers.  The  limited  accommo- 
dati(jns  here  soon  necessitated  another  chang-e,  and  in 
1885  the  store  at  14  Winter  Street  was  fitted  up  and 
filled  with  a  select  and  ever  increasing  stock  of  flowers, 
flowering  plants,  and  ornamental  shrubs.  Here  are  to 
be  tound  at  all  times  the  rare  novelties  and  newest 
varieties  of  the  floral  creation,  and  work  from  this 
establishment  is  jnstly  ct?lebrated.  Mr.  Hill  is,  and 
has  been,  closely  identified  with  the  rise  and  growth  of 
floral  culture  in  Haverhill.  Twenty  years  ago  not  one 
well  laid  out  or  one  well  kept  lawn  could  have  been 
found  within  our  city  limits.  Scarce!}'  a  house  could 
be  found  that  could  boast  of  a  well  kept  flower  garden, 
while  ornamental  trees  and  shrubs  were  practical!}- 
unknown.  Now  all  this  is  changed,  and  Haverhill 
homes  are  noted  for  their  beautiful  surroundings.  To 
Mr.  Hill  and  his  eflbrts  is  due  in  a  great  measure  this 
mar\-elous  change  in  public  taste  and  opinion,  and  from 
his  long  experience  he  is  able  to  give  ideas  in  flori- 
culture that  must  be  of  value  to  his  patrons  and  the 
public. 


201 


Th[G  Sariders  Leatlrier  Corripariy.' 

Prior  to  iSyo  every  boot  and  shoe  manufaeturer 
was  obliged  to  buy  his  sole  leather  by  the  side  and  to 
devote  a  lar<^e  part  of  the  room  and  labor  of  his  faetory 
to  euttino-  and  sortini>-  it.  This  was  a  o-reat  disadvan- 
tage  to  him.  as  not  only  was  a  eonsiderable  amount  of 
eapital  and  labor  in\oI\ed,  but,  owing  to  the  innumera- 
ble grades  and  (jualities  in  a  side  of  leather,  he  found 
himself  loaded  with  a  large  proportion  whieh  he  could 
not  use. 

Recognizing  that  in  the  numerous  special  lines  of 
manufacture  in  this  city  there  was  a  demand  for  every 
part  of  the  leather  if  each  could  be  put  where  it  be- 
longed, Mr.  Thomas  Sanders  in  1870  started  the  busi- 
ness of  sole  leather  cutting  on  a  large  scale,  driving 
the  entering  wedge  which  has  since  re\"olutionized  the 
S3'stem  of  manufacture  in  this  cit}'. 

The  Sanders  I^eather  Company  which  succeeded 
to  this  business  in  1883,  is  still  managed  bv  Mr.  San- 
ders, its  president,  and  has  steadily  done  a  business  of 
half  a  million  dollars  a  year.  In  1889  a  considerable 
addition  has  been  made  to  the  facilities  of  the  com- 
pany, which  will  enable  it  to  do  a  business  of  three 
quarters  of  a  million  in  future,  cutting  about  4,000  sides 
a  week  of  the  best  union  and  oak  leather.  The  busi- 
ness has  extended  to  all  parts  of  the  United  States 
where  boots  and  shoes  are  made,  verv  few  enliahtened 
manutacturers  adhering  to  the  old  system  of  cutting 
their  own  leather. 

Many  of  the  largest  manufacturers  in  the  West  and 
South  are  the  regular  customers  of  the  Sanders  Leather 
Compan}-. 

203 


Cl^asG  Brotlriers. 


This  firm  of  manufacturing-  stationers  is  composed 
of  Messrs.  George  F.,  and  Herbert  A.  Chase, 
both   young  men,  who  started  a  small  printing- 
bus  i  n  e  s  s   January  6,  1 878, 
with    one     press,    doing    all 
^     .^-==.   _^       the   work  themselves,  since 
which     t  i  m  e     they     have 
steadily    enlarged     to    meet 
the    demands    of    their    in- 
creasing trade,  until  in  1889, 
the    plant   in   their    printing 
OM.\    i'RE&&    1878.  department      includes       six 

presses  of  the  most  approved  patterns,  together  with 
all  the  standard  faces  of  type  and  ever}'  necessary 
appliance  for  the  rapid  production  of  lirst  class  work 
of  everv  description.  In  connection  with  the  above 
is  a  blank  book  manufactory,  and  a  stationer}'  de- 
partment where   can   be   found   every   variety  of  blank 


ONE    OF    SIX    PRESSES     1 889. 

204 


Thie  HaVerl)!!!  Biridery. 


K 


books,  office  und  counting  room  supplies:  a  feature 
of  the  business  being  the  manufacture  to  order  of 
special  blank  books,  this  being  the  only  manufac- 
tory in  the  city.  From  their  small  beginning  eleven 
years  ago,  the  firm  now  occupies  the  four  story  brick 
building,  Nos.  13  and  15  Washington  Street.  The  first 
book  e\er  published,  printed,  and  bound  in  this  city 
came  fVom  this  establishment. 

Pre\  ious  to  January,  I1S87,  there  was  no  book 
bindery  in  this  city,  and  it  was  necessary  to  send  all 
work  out  of  town  for  binding.  ^^^K^^Mfc:  jdit^ 

Messrs.  Chase  Brothers,   real-     ^:^^ ' '   ^^- 

izing  that  this  caused  many 
delays  and  was  a  great  incon- 
venience to  their  customers, 
added  this  department  to  their 
business,  with  the  intention  ot 
doing  onh'  their  own  binding, 
thus  ha\ing  all  work  under 
their  immediate  control  and 
supervision.  That  this  enter- 
prise     was      appreciated     is 

shown    b\-   the   fact  that    their ^^I||^- 

order  trade  has  more  than 
doubled  since  the  addition,  and  a  larirc  and  increasing 
business  comes  from  out  of  town.  In  this  department 
are  manufactured  the  Excelsior  blank  books,  which 
are  recognized  as  the  most  complete  line  in  the  trade, 
the  ledger  paper  being  manufactured  especialh'  for 
them,  and  each  book  receives  a  custom  binding  far 
superior  to  the  ''team  work"  on  many  competing  lines. 


-^^Cik^^r'S;-^ 


205 


T]:]G   Carletori  Scliool. 

The  village  of  Bradford,  opposite  and  within  eas}' 
reach  of  Haverhill,  has  always  been  a  favored  locality 
with  regard  to  schools,  from  Father  Greenleafs  time, 
when  the  celebrated  Bradford  Academy,  then  a  school 
for  both  sexes,  was  under  his  guardianship,  until  the 
present,  when  side  bv  side  with  this  time-honored 
institution,  now  reserved  for  the  gentler  sex  alone, 
stands  another  school,  adapted  for  masculine  youthful- 
ness  and  vigor. 

In  the  center  of  this  healthful  and  beautiful  village, 
and  occup3'ing  its  most  attractive  site,  is  the  Carleton 
School.  This  institution  was  established  in  1884  and 
is  a  classical  and  Eno-lish  school  for  bovs. 

The  principal,  I.  N.  Carleton,  A.  M.,  Ph.  D.  is  well 
known  as  a  former  instructor  for  four  vears  in  Phillips 
Academy,  AndoNer,  and  for  fourteen  years  principal 
of  the  State  Normal  School  of  Connecticut,  at  New 
Britain.  He  is  assisted  by  a  well  qualitied  corps  of 
teachers,  and  is  thus  able  to  give  to  pupils  the  individ- 
ual attention  that  they  need,  and  which  can  not  be  ob- 
tained in  a  large  school. 

Parents  traveling  abroad,  or  for  an}-  other  reason 
unable  to  provide  a  suitable  home  for  their  boys,  can 
here  hnd  the  comforts  and  advantages  of  a  cultivated 
home  and  a  thorough  school,  besides  those  naturally 
attached  to  a  quiet  village  which  is  yet  within  a 
moment's  reach  of  a  large  citv.  The  disposition  ot  the 
individual  scholar,  his  adaptedness  to  a  particular  line 
of  work,  his  predisposition  to  one  study  or  another 
here  receive  that  thoughtful  and  careful  consideration 
that  are  denied  the  attendants  upon  larger  schools. 

206 


1  -J 


WggKs,  CunnrTiirigs,  arid  Connpariy. 

Messrs.  Weeks,  Cumminu^s,  and  Company,  proprie- 
tors of  extensi\e  steam  pcjlishino-  oranite  and  marble 
works  at  No.  51  Main  Street  in  Haverhill  and  across 
the  Merrimack  Ri\  er  in  Bradford,  invite  public  atten- 
tion to  the  great  advantages  to  the  buyer  which  result 
from  their  ample  facilities  and  from  their  long  and  ex- 
tensixe  experience  in  the  manufacture  and  sale  of  mon- 
umental work. 

They  call  atten- 
tion also  to  the 
evident  fact  that 
the  great  extent 
of  their  business 
and  the  conxenient 
location  of  thcii 
steam  polishini, 
mill  and  principal 
manufactor\",  lu- 
tween  the  rail\va\ 
and  tide-water,  both  contribute  materially  to  reduce  the 
cost  of  manufacturing,  handling,  and  shipping  monu- 
mental work  to  the  minimum. 

They  have  at  all  times  on  hand  in  their  warerooms 
a  large  and  varied  stock  of  finished  monumental  w^ork, 
as  well  as  a  complete  collection  of  the  most  tasteful 
and  practical   designs.     Correspondence   is  inxited. 

The  senior  member  of  the  tirm  was  the  designer  of 
the  soldiers"'  monument,  to  which  reference  was  made 
in  the  earlier  pages  of  this  book,  which  has  given 
general  satisfaction  to  the  Haverhill  public,  and  which 
is  a  sufficient  iruarantee  of  his  artistic  taste. 


207 


Mitch(Gll  arid  Conqpariy. 


This  firm,  now  consisting  of  F.  j.  Mitchell  and 
George  Thayer,  began  business  in  1876  with  a  small 
stock  of  goods  in  a  store  containing  only   1250  feet  of 


ti<K)riiig,  but  has  been  compelled  to  increase  its  space 
by  the  demand  of  a  constantly  growing  business  until 
now  it  boasts  one  of  the  largest  and  best  appointed  dry 
goods  houses  in  Essex  Countv,  the  making-  of  cloaks 
being  a  specialty. 

208 


Tine   MerriiTiacK    National  BariK» 

Organized  July  5,  i<Si4,  can  salcl\'  claim  to  be  the 
oldest  financial  institution  in  Ilaxerhill.  It  paid  ninety- 
seven  semi-annual  dividends,  averaging  lour  per  cent  as 
a  state  bank,  and  as  a  National  bank  has  averaged  semi- 
annual dividends  of  the  per  cent  on  its  capital  stock  of 
$240,000.  Its  officers  are:  President,  C  \V.  Chase; 
vice-president,  John  B.  Nichols;  cashier,  Ubert  A.  Kil- 


1am;  directors,  C.  W.  Chase,  Moses  Nichols,  John  B. 
Nichols,  Dudley  Porter,  P.  C.  Swett,  Woodbury  Noyes, 
J.  L.  Hobson,  C.  E.  Wiggin,  John  Pilling,  cfw.  Ar- 
nold. The  bank's  policy  has  alwa3s  been  the  wise  one 
of  "regarding  w^holly  the  agricultural  and  manufacturing 
interests  of  Haverhill  and  vicinitv'  in  loaning  money." 
Its  statement  October  4,  1888,  showed:  Capital  stock, 
$240,000;  surplus,  $120,000;  individual  deposits, $410,- 
000;  United  States  deposits,  $105,000.  Its  deposits 
averaged,  Irom  i8i4to  1850,  $6,000;  1850  to  1864,  $26,- 
000;    1864  to  1876,  $86,000;    1876  to  1888,  $300,000. 


209 


Bradford    flcadenqy 

Is  the  oldest  seminary  for  young  women  in  the 
country,  founded  in  1803,  and  incorporated  in  1804. 
The  school  edifice,  including  the  boarding  and  school 
department  under  the  same  roof,  is  located  near  the 
center  of  an  area  of  twenty-five  acres.  The  location  is 
high,  the  air  is  fresh,  sunlight  abundant.  Pupils  have 
invigorating  exercise  in  the  open  air,  boating  and  skat- 
ing on  the  lake,  bowling  in  the  alley,  or  walking  in  the 
grove.  The  open  grounds  are  laid  out  in  spacious  lawns 
and  adorned  with  shrubs  and  flowers.  Paths  are  laid 
through  the  forest,  along  the  side  of  the  lake,  through 
the  dense  thickets  and  the  open  woods,  afibrding  many- 
views  of  wild  and  picturesque  beauty. 

The  curriculum  includes   both   classical  and  English 
courses  of  study. 

Bradford  Academy  is  in  the  interest  of  Christian 
education.  The  design  is  the  development  of  Chris- 
tian womanhood.  By  the  best  nurture,  by  the  choicest 
instruction,  by  all  personal  influence  and  example,  the 
teachers  endeavor  to  train  the  pupils  for  the  highest  ser- 
vice to  which  God  may  call  them. 

Trustees. —  Hon.  George  Cogswell,  M.  D.,  Presi- 
dent, Bradford;  Ezra  Farnsworth,  Vice-President,  Bos- 
ton; John  Crowell,  M.  D.,  Secretary,  Haverhill;  Doane 
Cogswell,  A.  M.,  Treasurer,  Bradford;  Rev.  John  D. 
Kingsbury,  D.  D.,  Bradford;  Hon.  William  A.  Russell, 
Boston;  Rev.  James  H.  Means,  D.  D.,  Boston;  Rev. 
Edmund  K.  Alden,  D.  D.,  Boston;  Elbridge  Torrey, 
Boston;    Rev.   Nehemiah   Boynton,  Boston. 

Clerk.  —  Harrison  E.  Chadwick,  A.  M.,  Bradford. 

Principal.  —  Miss  Annie  E.Johnson. 

210 


The   Second    National    Bank- 

The  Second  National  P)ank  of  Haverhill  was  char- 
tered May  25,  1886,  bet^an  business  July  i,  and  in 
October  moved  into  its  present  quarters,  No.  35 
Washington  Street,  expressly  fitted  for  the  purpose. 
The  followin*,'-  w^ere  chosen  directors:  John  A.  Gale, 
George  A.  Greene,  Joseph  W.  Vittuni,  John  Pilling, 
George  II.  Carleton,  James  II.  Winchell,  George  A. 
Hall,    Edgar   O.    Pullock,    John   W.  Russ,    George    E. 


Elliott,  Charles  W.  Arnold.  Mr.  John  A.  Gale,  to 
wdiose  untiring  etibrts  the  starting  of  the  bank  was 
mainly  due,  was  elected  president;  Mr.  George  H. 
Carleton,  vice-president;  Mr.  C.  H.  Goodwin,  cashier. 
Thanks  to  the  et^brts  of  the  president,  and  directors, 
the  bank  has  pursued  a  steady,  progressive  course  from 
the  start.  Its  object  has  always  been  and  continues  to 
be,  to  assist  in  business  young  men  of  worth  and  ability. 


211 


Saii riders   Brotl^ers. 


Only  six  years  ago,  in  1883,  Messrs.  Albert  F.  and 
George  Saunders,  under  the  firm  name  of  Saunders 
Brothers,  began  business  as  plumbers  and  tinsmiths, 
and  dealers  in  stoves,  furnaces,  and  gas  fixtures,  start- 
ing in  a  small  way,  employing  but  two  men.  The 
extent  and   development   of  their    plant    and    business 

may  be  partially  interred 
from  the  fact  that  they  em- 
plo\'  eight  times  as  manv 
workmen  now.  Their 
salesroom,  at  No.  9  Emer- 
son Street,  fiftv  feet  long 
and  forty  feet  w^ide,  is  hand- 
somely fitted  up  with  all 
n  e  c  e  s  s  a  r  y  appertenanees, 
is  admirably  adapted  for  the 
exhibition  and  display  of 
goods  in  their  line,  and  is, 
without  doubt,  one  of  the 
finest  in  the  eitv.  The 
manufacturing-  is  carried  on 

CD 

in  a  two-story  building  in  the  rear.  They  make  a 
specialty  of  the  Highland  range  and  Chilson  furnace. 
Mr.  George  Saunders  retired  about  a  year  ago,  but  the 
firm  name  remains  the  same. 

The  same  attention  to  every  practical  detail,  the 
same  energy  and  enterprise,  the  same  honesty  and  thor- 
oughness in  the  execution  of  whatever  is  entrusted  to 
their  hands,  that  originated  and  continued  the  success 
of  the  firm,  still  remain  with  it  and  ensure   satisfaction. 


212 


HaVerhiill   Iron  Worlds. 

Sonic  ()\  our  enterprising  citizens  in  1881,  realizing 
tlie  need  of  a  \ariety  of  interests  to  advance  the  pros- 
perity of  IIa\erhill,  tormed  tlie  corporation  known  as 
the  IIa\erhill  Iron  W^orks  for  the  manufacture  of  cast- 
ings and  ahnost  all  kinds  of  finished  machinery  and 
heating  apparatus.  In  1889  the  company  is  doing  a  busi- 
ness at  the  rate  of  $100,000  a  }ear,  or  more  than  double 
what  it  has  e\er  before  done,  as  our  citizens  ha\e  found 
out  that  all  their  iron  work  can  be  done  cheaper  and 
better  here  than  elsewhere.  It  has  just  dawned  upon 
this  community  that  there  is  nothing  in  the  line  of  shaft- 
ing, machinery,  or  boiler  work,  either  for  power  or  steam 
or  hot  water  heating,  that  cannot  be  satisfactorily  sup- 
plied by  the  Haverhill  Iron  Works.  This  compan\' has 
been  looked  upon  simply  as  a  foundry,  and,  with  the  dis- 
position which  all  citizens  have  to  patronize  home  in- 
dustries, no  one  has  ordered  columns,  store  fronts,  fire 
escapes,  door  steps,  hitching  posts,  gas  posts,  man-holes, 
or  any  other  casting  any  where  else,  but  it  never  occurred 
to  many  of  them  until  now  how  varied  are  the  capabili- 
ties of  this  institution  and  that  the  most  intricate  ma- 
chinerv  that  is  now  being  run  in  our  nail  factories  and 
shoe  shops  is  made  here.  No  system  of  heating  has  yet 
been  devised  that  equals  the  hot  water  plant  which  this 
company  constructs.  It  is  admirable  in  e\ery  way  and 
gives  perfect  satisfaction  to  all  who  have  tried  it. 

Every  kind  of  piping  and  repairing  is  done  at  the 
down  town  ofiice  of  the  company  at  82  Washington 
Street,  where  the  superintendent,  Mr.  M.  S.  Holmes, 
can  be  found  ready  to  make  estimates  or  contracts  for 
everything  in  his  line. 

213 


Perley  H,   Stor|G. 

Four  years  ago  September  ist  Mr.  Perley  A.  Stone 
commenced  business,  having  previously  had  an  ex- 
perience of  seven  years  in  the  employ  of  Mr.  }.  11. 
Durgin.  He  located  at  17  and  19  Railroad  Square  in 
the  Gardner  Block.  As  business  increased  he  hired 
additional  room  on  Granite  and  Washington  streets, 
until  January  i,  1887,  when  he  removed  to  one  of  the  best 
factories  in  Haverhill,  Sanders'  new  building,  which  he 

now  occupies, 
and  in  addi- 
tion the  small 
building  ad- 
joining. His 
specialty  is 
ladies',  miss- 
es', and  chil- 
dren's, men's, 
boys',  a  n  d 
vouth's  turn- 
ed slippers. 
These  goods 
.-5  --:  W   ^^"^     largely 

"*-  sewed  by  the 

"  national  pro- 
cess", which,  supplemented  by  his  patent  method  of 
channeling,  makes  the  strongest  seam  possible.  His 
business  has  stained  from  the  first  in  volume  until  now 
he  makes  as  many  slippers  as  any  house  here.  He  is  for- 
tunate in  having  associated  with  him,  as  a  special  partner, 
Mr.  Luther  S.  Johnson  of  Lynn,  who  is  one  of  the  fore- 
most business  men  of  our  sister  city  and  of  the  country. 


214 


B.   F,  Leigl^tori  ar\d  Co, 

In  1878  an  enterprise  of  an  entirely  new  type  was 
inaugurated  in  Haverhill,  when  Mr.  B.  F.  Leighton 
established  the  first  and  the  only  wholesale  grocery 
house  in  the  citw  lie  did  at  first  but  a  moderate  busi- 
ness, about  one  car-load  per  week  being  the  usual 
average  necessary  to  supply  the  demands  of  his  trade, 
while  now  the  firm  handles  weekly  four  times  as  much. 
Two  years  later,  in  1880,  the  firm  name  was  changed  to 
B.  F.  Leighton  and  Company,  Mr.  Leighton  taking  into 
partnership  with  him  Mr.  Jackson  Webster,  a  man  of 
energy  and  experience. 

Ever}'  article,  from  the  largest  to  the  smallest,  from 
the  wooden  clothes-pin  to  the  barrel  of  flour  or  the 
hogshead  of  molasses,  every  form  of  merchandise  kept 
by  a  first-class  grocery  house,  can  be  found  here,  and 
of  prime  quality.  The  firm  are  agents  for  such  houses  as 
Washburn,  Martin,  and  Compan}',  and  also  for  the  Sil- 
ver Spray  flour,  the  best  family  article  milled  in  the 
West,  which  serves  to  bear  out  their  reputation  for 
honest  and  reliable  goods.  They  contribute  to  the 
satisfaction  of  the  tastes  of  a  larg-e  conting-ent  of  a 
grocers  customers  by  keeping  all  of  the  leading  brands 
of  tobacco  and  cigars. 

It  is  a  well  known  fact  that  they  ofter  every  induce- 
ment and  sell  goods  at  the  lowest  possible  prices.  Their 
trade  is  far  from  being  confined  to  Haverhill,  but  they 
supply  the  surrounding  country  as  well.  They  secured 
a  year  ago  the  services  of  Mr.  Harvey  R.  Eastman  as 
salesman,  a  young  man  well  known  and  liked  by  the 
trade,  and  who  the  firm  are  satisfied  will  do  all  in  his 
power  to  make  everything  pleasant  for  their  customers. 

215 


J.  H.  Wir[CJ:|ell  ar\d  Conqpariy. 


What  an  integral  part  of  the  life  and  prosperity  of 
Haverhill  the  shoe  business  is,  has  already  been  told 
in  this  volume,  but,  perhaps,  a  elearer  idea  can  be  ob- 
tained by  the  ordinary  reader  from  a  brief  account  oi 
one  manufactory.  The  illustrations  given  are  of  the 
shoe    manufactory    of  J.    H.  Winchell    and    Company, 

a  fi  r  m  which 
makes  an  aver- 
age out  put  of 
3700  pairs  of 
shoes,  m  e  n's, 
w  o  m  e  n's,  and 
children's,  a  day. 
The  Washing- 
ton Street  factory,  which  is  five  stories  high,  covering 
a  lot  125  by  40  feet  in  area,  is  devoted  to  the  making  of 
women's  and  misses'  boots  and  slippers,  employs  300 
hands,  and  turns  out  2500  pairs  of  finished  shoes  each 
working  da3^ 

The  Phoenix  Row  factory,  four  stories  high,  65  by  28 
feet  in  dimensions,  i^j^jj^namiiBi^^^ 
turns  out  men's  and 
boys'  buff,  calf,  and 
Dongola  goods,  fur- 
nishes employment 
to  one  hundred  and 
seventy-five  hands, 
and  manulkctures 
1,200  pairs  per  diem.  In  addition,  the  firm  has  a 
factory  at   Candia,  N.  H.,  which   has   a  daily  output  of 


216 


6oo  pairs.  The  tirm  makes  a  specialty  of  medium  and 
low  tirade  ii^oods,  and  its  productions  are  sold  in  almost 
every  large  cit}-  in  the  United  States,  from  Belfast  in 
the  East  to  San  Francisco  in  the  West.  As  may  be  im- 
as^ined  from  the  number  of  hands  employed  and  the 
\  ast  amount  of  ooods  manufactured,  the  establishment 
is  a  great  lactor  in  the  industrial  life  of  the  city,  dis- 
tributing as  it  does,  in  the  various  ramiHcations  inci- 
dent to  so  large  a  plant,  nearly  $7000  a  week  in  wages. 
The  hrm  consists  of  James  H,  Winchell  and  Myron  L. 
Whitcomb.  Mr.  Winchell  has  been  in  business  in  the 
cit\',  most  ol  the  time  in  the  shoe  business  proper, 
for  thirty-one  \ears  and  has  grown  with  its  growth, 
prospered  with  its  prosperity.  He  is  a  keen  business 
man,  energetic  and  far-sighted,  quick  to  seize  an  oppor- 
tunity; and  the  history  of  the  progress  of  his  business, 
from  a  three  stor\-  building,  60  by  20,  emploving  some 
seventy-five  hands,  which  he  occupied  some  twelve 
years  ago,  to  its  present  enormous  proportions,  is  but 
an  epitome  of  the  histor}-  of  the  city  itself  His  career 
is  but  an  exemplification  of  the  possibilities  atforded  in 
Haverhill  for  bright,  capable  young  men  to  carve  out 
position  and  prosperity. 

Mr.  Myron  L.  Whitcomb,  the  junior  partner,  is  a 
young  man  who  has  been  connected  with  the  firm  only 
two  years,  but  who,  by  his  business  ability  and  shrewd- 
ness, promises  to  become,  in  the  not  distant  future,  one 
of  Haverhill's  most  prominent  and  far-sighted  business 
men. 

The  firm  manufactures  for  the  jobbing  trade  in  all 
parts  of  the  country.  The  Boston  ofiSce  is  at  No. 
106  1-2  Summer  Street. 


217 


J.  H.  LeBosqilet  arid  Conqpariy. 


The  above  is  an  exterior  view  of  the  old  and  exten- 
sive furniture  house  of  J.  H.  LeBosquet  and  Compan}-, 
Nos.  68  to  74  Merrimack  Street,  affording  over  18,000 
square  feet  of  floor  room.  From  small  beginnings  in 
1852  the  business  has  steadily  increased,  imtil  now 
seven  times  as  much  space  is  required.  The  same 
energy,  enterprise,  and  square  dealing  which  gave  the 
firm  their  start  have  continued  to  characterize  them 
since,  and  their  goods  are  their  best  advertisement. 


218 


H.  L.  Dole. 


II.  L.  Dole,  jeweler,  eame  to  Haverhill  from  Hal- 
lowell,  Maine,  in  1865,  and  commenced  business  at 
No.  4  Merrimack  Street,  under  the  iirm  name  of  H.  L. 
Dole  and  Co.  Twelve  years  later  the  firm  ceased  to 
exist,  and  Mr.  Dole  became  the  sole  proprietor  of  the 
business,  which  had  steadih  increased  in  xolume  from 
the  first. 

In  1H79  Mr.  Dole  remoxed  to  his  present  fine  store, 
occup\"in£i;  the  entire  first  fiat  at  No.  19  Merrimack 
Street.  Mr.  Dole  has  an  unexcelled  reputation,  and 
his  store  is  frequented  b\'  persons  looking  for  first  class 
goods  in  his  line.  His  establishment  is  headquarters 
for  all  grades  of  jewelrN'  of  the  latest  and  most  choice 
designs.  The  display  is  large  and  complete  of  watches, 
gold  and  plated  chains,  rings,  and  solid  silver  and 
plated  ware  of  all  kinds.  Anything  that  can  be  found 
an^'where  in  a  first  class  jewehy  store  can  be  found  at 
this  popular  establishment.  ^Ir.  Dole  emplo3's  trust- 
worthv  clerks,  and  customers  are  sure  of  prompt  atten- 
tion and  polite  treatment.  The  optical  department, 
under  the  management  of  Mr.  E.  A.  Gage,  is  a  new 
feature,  and  spectacles  and  eye  glasses  are  carefully 
adjusted  so  as  to  give  the  greatest  possible  relief  to 
weak  or  defective  vision  of  all  kinds.  Particular  at- 
tention is  also  given  to  repairing  of  watches,  clocks, 
and  jewelry,  and  satisfaction  in  this  line  is  guaranteed 
in  ever}'  case. 

Mr.  Dole  makes  all  selections  and  purchases  in 
person,  and  his  large  experience  enables  him  to  select 
the  best  croods,  and  at  the  lowest  figures. 


219 


Broods  Brothiers. 


The  well  known  firm  of  Brooks  Brothers,  now  the 
oldest  dry  goods  house  in  Haverhill,  began  business  in 
1858  at  No.  10  Main  Street,  subsequently  moving  in 
1 86 1  and  1866  as  the  demands  of  their  increasing  busi- 
ness or  the  tendency  of  trade 
suggested.  In  1869  they  were 
compelled,  to  accommodate 
the  growing  requirements  of 
the  public,  to  buy  a  place  of 
their  own,  leasing  the  upper 
stories  for  other  purposes.  As 
time  wore  on,  they  needed 
these  for  their  own  use,  and 
now  occupy  all  four  stories  at 
No.  20  Merrimack  Street,  with 
an  annex  in  the  rear,  covering 
an  area  of  nearly  ten  thousand 
square  feet  and  }'et  have  none 
too  much  room.  They  carr}' 
a  stock  of  dress  goods,  silks, 
cloaks,  cloakings,  domestics, 
small  wares,  and  carpets  not  to  be  excelled  this  side  of 
Boston. 

Besides  this  immense  and  varied  assortment  of  goods, 
which  brings  the  advantages  of  metropolitan  stores 
within  reach  of  the  citizens  of  Haverhill,  and  the  large 
space  which  they  have  come  to  utilize  for  its  storage 
and  display,  the  firm  has  an  abundant  force  of  clerks 
and  all  of  its  dealings  with  the  public  are  marked  by  a 
characteristic  spirit  of  courtesy  and  fair  dealing. 


220 


Jannes  BUsfield. 


It  is  evident  to  e\'en  the  most  casual  observer,  that 
the  maniilacture  of  macliinery  is  one  that  requires  a  na- 
ti\e  fondness  lor  mechanical  pursuits,  a  close  applica- 
tion to  detail,  and,  when  done  on  a  large  scale,  the 
command  of  skilled  workmen  and  extensive  facilities. 
Mr.  Tames  Busfield,  who  succeeded  in  1880  the  long 
established  and  well  known  firm  of  E.  Everson,  doing 
business  in  Mechanics'  Court  and  engaged  in  the  manu- 
facture of  shoe  machinery,  rolling  mills,  strippers,  etc., 
as  well  as  in  general  repairing  of  the  sort,  had  the  ad- 
vantage of  the  j^lant  and  the  reputation  he  thus  accjuired 
and  has  carried  on  a  successful  business  ever  since.  lie 
has  the  innate  desire  of  men  who  are  masters  ol  their 
art  to  do  good  work,  so  that  it  shall  speak  well  ol"  them. 

The  increase  in  the  number  of  his  customers  and 
the  enlargement  of  iiis  business  ha\^e  compelled  him 
latch'  to  mo\e  his  establishment  to  more  commodious 
and  central  quarters  at  No.  66  Phoenix  Row. 

Mr.  Bustieid  is  himself  a  thorough  machinist,  has 
none  but  tirst-class  workmen  in  his  emplo}',  is  able  and 
ready  to  exercise  o\er  them  an  intelligent  supervision, 
and  is  therefore  able  to  do  his  work  at  the  lowest  pos- 
sible figures  consistent  with  good  workmanship  and  a 
satisfactory  job. 

In  putting  up  shafting  and  machinery  in  the  majority 
of  tiaverhill  factories,  Mr.  Busfield  has  come  in  close 
contact  with  our  business  men;  and,  from  the  thorough- 
ness of  his  work  and  the  strict  attention  he  gives  to 
matters  of  detail,  his  business  relations  with  his  cus- 
tomers have  proved  more  than  satisfactory  to  both 
parties. 

221 


Tl\e  HaVGr]:|ill  ar[d  GroVelarid 
Street  Railway 


Was  built  in  1877  from  Haverhill  to  Groveland, 
three  miles,  and  was  equipped  with  four  cars  and  eight 
horses,  carr^-ing  daily  about  four  hundred  passengers. 
Its  capital  stock  was  $24,000.  It  has  grown  since 
until  now  it  owns  thirty-eight  cars  and  eighty-five 
horses,  with  fourteen  miles  of  track,  carries  daily  about 
twenty-five  hundred  people,  and  has  a  capital  stock  of 
$144,000.  The  immediate  management  of  the  road  is 
in  the  hands  of  a  number  of  Haverhill's  representative 
business  men,  as  follows:  Directors,  Hon.  Levi  Tay- 
lor, Ira  O.  Sawyer,  William  FI.  Smiley,  Ira  A.  Abbott, 
John  A.  Gale,  John  A.  Colby,  Philip  C.  Swett;  presi- 
dent, Ira  O.  Sawyer;  clerk  and  treasurer,  John  A.  Colb}-. 

The  offices  of  the  compan}'  are  situated  in  the  build- 
ing;' shown  in  the  above   cut  at  the  foot  of  Main  Street. 


222 


Fred  G.  Riclnards, 


At  the  atj^c  of  twenty-one  Mr.  Richards  entered  the 
stable  business  in  partnership  with  his  father,  who  had 
boui^lit  in  ICS56  what  is  now  the  oldest  stable  stand  in 
the  cit}',  it  ha\ino-  been  used  for  that  purpose  over 
eighty  Nears.  Here  can  be  found  an\thing-  from  a  tallx- 
ho  coach  to  a  saddle-horse,  barges,  hacks,  carriages,  of 
all  sorts,  and  accommodations  for  a  hundred  horses. 
The  facilities  for  boarding  and  for  transient  trade  are 
unusualh  good.  There  is  a  pleasant  waiting-room  lor 
ladies,  a  good  office,  a  harness-room,  and  wash-room 
connected,  all  heated  by  hot  water.  The  stable  is  never 
closed,  so  that  an  order,  by  telephone  or  in  person, 
never  fails  of  attention  da\'  or  night.  Conveniences  for 
hot  and  cold  water,  electric  bells,  electric  lights,  and 
telephone  combine  with  the  other  facilities  to  make  the 
business  the  largest  in  this  line  and  the  most  complete 
in  this  part  of  the  state. 

Mr.  Richards  has  not  limited  his  enterprise  to  the 
stable  business  alone,  but  in  1886  he  formed  a  co-part- 
nership with  Mr.  G.  II.  Dole,  under  the  name  of 
Richards  and  Dole,  and  bought  out  the  old  and  well 
known  undertaking  establishment  of  J.  II.  Cummings. 
Mr.  Dole  was  brought  up  an  undertaker,  serving  3'ears 
at  the  trade,  as  his  father  before  him  pursued  it,  so  that  he 
united  a  peculiar  titness  for  the  business  with  Mr. 
Richards'  extensive  livery.  The  firm  have  added  new 
equipments  and  all  the  modern  conveniences,  and  have 
obtained  a  large  business  and  a  good  reputation  not 
only  in  Haverhill  but  in  the  surrounding  country,  in 
which  thev  have  many  patrons. 

223 


Tl\e  Haverl]!!!  Natior[al  BariK, 

Succeeded  in  1864  the  Haverhill  Bank,  which  was 
incorporated  in  1836.  In  1882  it  moved  into  its  present 
elegant  rooms  in  the  Masonic  Building,  fitted  up  ex- 
pressly ior  its  use.  Besides  the  greater  room  needed 
for  its  large  and  increasing  business,  it  has  obtained  fire 
and  burglar  proof  vaults,  constructed   in  the  ver}'  best 

manner  known 
to  science,  and 
which  afibrd  ab- 
solute security. 
The  bank's  capi- 
tal is  $200,000, 
surplus  fund, 
$r  00,000,  un- 
d  i  V  i  d  e  d  profits 
about  $25,000. 
T  h  e  manage- 
ment means  that 
a  liberal  spirit  of 
a  c  commodation 
and  a  courteous 
and  kindly  attention  in  its  dealings  with  the  public  shall 
characterize  this  bank.  The  officers  are:  President,  A. 
Washington  Chase;  vice-president,  John  E.  Gale; 
cashier,  Benjamin  I.  Page;  directors,  A.  Washington 
Chase,  Amos  W.  Downing,  Daniel  Fitts,  John  E.  Gale, 
George  A.  Kimball,  John  J.  Marsh,  Eben  Mitchell, 
Thomas  S.  Ruddock,  Thomas  Sanders.  The  uniformly 
prosperous  course  of  the  bank  in  the  past  afibrds 
reasonable  and  trustworth}-  assurance  of  its  continued 
success  in  the  future. 


224 


E.  W,  Goiild 


"All  llcsh  is  trrjiss  "  and  all  the  clothin;^  worn  by  ci\i- 
li/cd  man  becomes  in  time  discolored  and  soiled.  It 
was  the  recognition  ol'  this  tact  that  rirst  induced  Mr. 
K.  W.  Gould,  proprietor  ot'  the  Bay  State  Dyeing  and 
Cleansing  Works  at  140  Merrimack  Street  to  open  his 
establishment  and  to  ask  for  the  patronage  ot'  lla\er- 
hilTs  citizens.  Mr.  Gould  had  been  in  the  business  tor 
many  \ears  in  the  neighboring  cit\  ot  Lawrence,  but 
recognized  the  superior  ad\  antages  otiered  in  Ha\erhill, 
where,  owing  to  the  tact  that  in  these  days,  when  the 
shades  and  colors  can  scarcely  be  enumerated,  and 
when  the  inexorable  rule  ot  lashion  permits  a  shade  to 
be  popular  but  one  season,  the  ser\  ices  ot'  a  practical 
dyer  are  necessary  to  almost  e\er\"  t'amih',  he  has  ob- 
tained a  large  and  constantly  increasing  patronage,  a 
patronage  which  has  compelled  him  to  add  all  the  mod- 
ern improyements  to  his  establishment,  thereby  greatly 
increasing  his  lacilities  lor  tine  work. 

It  has  always  been  a  boast  with  the  establishment, 
and  one  reason  tor  its  success,  that  only  the  best  oldyes 
and  chemicals  are  used  and  that  an  experience  ot  thirty- 
tiye  years  of  practical  work  enables  it  to  guarantee 
its  dyeing  and  cleansing  to  be  equal  to  that  done  in  the 
best  establishment  to  be  found  in  the  country;  and  how 
indeed  could  it  be  otherwise,  w^ith  Mr.  Gould  with  his 
thirty-tiye  years  of  experience  at  the  head  of  the  con- 
cern, and  employing  only  the  best  and  most  caretul 
workmen,  under  his  immediate  superyision,  in  all  the 
ramitications  of  his  business?  To  haye  dresses  dyed  or 
clothes    cleaned    by  him    is    to    haye    them   renoyated, 


made  as  good  as  new. 


225 


Hoyt  arid  Taylor. 

The  tirm  of  Hoyt  and  Taylor,  well  and  la\'orably 
known  in  Haverhill,  eonsisting  of  Levi  Taylor  and 
Everett  Hoyt,  began  business  ten  years  ago,  August  6, 
1879.  They  carry  on  a  very  extensive  business,  both 
wholesale  and  retail,  in  doors,  windows,  blinds,  mould- 
ings, hard  wood,  fancy  lumber,  glass,  putty,  builders' 

hardware,  fancy  hardware, 
sewer  pipe,  paints,  oils,  etc. 
They  occupy  the  store  at 
No.  152  Merrimack  Street, 
with  the  building  in  its  rear, 
besides  storehouses,  etc.,  the 
whole  comprising  some 
thirty  thousand  feet  of  floor- 
ing. They  aim  to  carry  in 
stock  everything  usually 
kept  in  a  large  and  flrst- 
class  hardware  store  or  re- 
quired by  the  needs  of 
carpenters  and  builders. 
The  opportunities  afforded 
by  this  large  stock  and  close  attention  to  business  have 
combined  to  increase  a  business  at  first  local  by  a  large 
out-of-town  trade,  supplying  builders'  material  from 
Maine  to  Connecticut. 

The  firm  has  abundant  capital  at  its  command  as 
occasion  requires,  possesses  an  energetic  and  sagacious 
business  spirit,  and  is  likely  to  still  farther  advance  its 
success.  Attentive  and  courteous  in  their  dealings  with 
customers,  its  members  have  obtained  the  reward  that 
naturally  follows. 


226 


Ellis  arid  Coririor. 


The  linn  ot'  Kllis  and  Connor,  which  is  composed  of 
Charles  A.  Kllis  and  John  II.  Connor,  sj^eneral  partners, 
and  Dudley  Porter,  sj~)ecial  partner  succeeded  in  April, 
1887,  to  the  machine  sewed  business  of  Goodrich  and 
'  Porter  which  latter  firm  had  for  years  ranked  as  one  of 
the  most  substantial  and  heaviest  firms  of  the  city.  Their 
successors  are  youni^  and  enterprising-  men  wIk;  seem 
destined  to  keep  up  the  hi^h  reputation  achie\ed  bv 
their  predecessors.  The  specialties  of  the  tirm  are 
ii^lazed  Don^ola  button  boots  in  McKay,  hand  sewed, 
and  (Toodyear  welt,  and  they  are  sold  by  the  case  to  the 
jobbing  trade  of  the  countrx'  from  Portland,  Maine,  on 
the  East,  to  Portland,  Oregon,  on  the  West.  The  goods 
manufactured  by  them  ha\e  the  best  reputation  for 
style  and  quality.  Indeed  they  are  IIa\erhill  shoes  in 
the  highest  sense  of  the  word,  which  is  synonymous 
with  the  statement  that  in  all  that  tends  to  make  per- 
fect footwear  they  are  well  nigh  unsurpassable. 

Their  production  amounts  to  four  thousand  cases, 
thirty-six  pairs  in  each,  per  annum,  of  high  grade  goods, 
and  this  is  bv  no  means  their  limit,  as  they  are  steadily 
pushing  onward  and  their  facilities  are  of  the  very  best, 
their  I'actorv  being  fitted  with  all  the  latest  machinery 
so  that  all  orders  are  filled  with  the  utmost  promptness 
and  dispatch.  Their  trade  mark,  E.  &  C,  can  be  found 
stamped  on  shoes  for  sale  in  nearly,  if  not  quite,  every 
city  in  this  great  country,  and  when  Ibund  it  is  but  an- 
other advertisement  for  the  city  to  which  this  book  is 
devoted,  since  it  is  a  certain  testimony  to  the  skill  of  its 
workmen,  the  judgment  and  enterprise  of  its  manufact- 
urers, and  the  reliability  and  beauty  of  their  products. 

227 


W,  F,  arid  J.  R.  Bla^e. 

The  business  of  the  above  firm  was  established 
some  ten  years  ago  by  Mr.  Wilbur  F.  Blake,  who,  in 
1885,  associated  with  him  his  brother,  J.  Albert  Blake, 
under  the  present  firm  name.  They  have  several 
times,  by  their  increasing  business,  been  forced  to 
change  to  more  commodious  quarters,  and  now  occupy 
the  entire  building  shown  in  the  cut,  erected  by  Elijah 
Fox,  and  known  as  the  Fox  Block.  The  buildinsf 
itself,  one  of  the  most  solidly  constructed  blocks   in  the 

;;,j'#"'^''' '''''" ■■■,"■"'■"■-,,  '^ity,     is,   without 

doubt,  the  best 
equipped  and  best 
lighted  factory  in 
Ilaverhill. 

This  firm  em- 
jploys  about  two 
'hundred  of  the 
best  skilled  opera- 
jtives  in  the  cit}', 
on       the       hitrher 

CD 


i^^^*l4  grades  of  machine 

^^1  and     hand     sewed 

1P»  shoes,     both     in 

turns     and     welts. 

They  make  the   largest  number  of  pairs  of  fine   shoes 

made  by  any  one  factory  in  Haverhill. 

Messrs.  Blake  control  the  product  of  two  large  fac- 
tories, one  in  Calais,  Me.,  known  as  the  St.  Croix  Shoe 
Company,  under  the  eflTicient  management  of  Mr.  W. 
C.  Renne,  and  a  factory  at  Winstead,  Conn.  Their 
Boston  office  is  at  22  High  Street. 


'"IHIIIlMMIlllHIIUIIIIillUUIIIIIIllllli|ll|{lllllill|||li|lll{lll|ll': 


228 


Jarries  C,  Bates. 


One  of  tlic  best  establishments  in  the  city  is 
tliat  of  Janies  C  Bates,  jeweler,  79  Merrimack 
Street.  Mr.  Bates  is  a  native  of  New  Bedford  but 
took  up  his  residence  in  this  city  in  1865,  where  he 
entered  the  employ  of  Kimball  and  Gould,  in  which 
establishment  he  remained  as  cmplo\'ee  and  partner 
until  he  entered  into  business  for  himself  April  27, 
1S79,  ]'^)r  fifteen  3ears  Mr.  Bates  worked  at  the 
bene  h  a  s  a 
watc  h-m  a  k  e  r. 
and  the  thorough 
k  n  o  w  1  e  d  i^'e  of 
the  business 
thus  accpiired 
has  stood  him  in 
stead  since  he 
started  business 
lor  liimself.  His 
e  s  t  a  b  1  i  shment 
contains  all  the 
goods  that  are 
u  s  u  a  1 1  \"  to  be 
ibund  in  one  ot 
its  kind,  while  the  taste  and  thoroug-h  knowledire  of 
the  proprietor  have  been  instrumental  in  building  up  a 
large  and  constantly  increasing  trade,  a  trade  so  large 
that  live  workmen  are  constantly  employed  in  at- 
tending to  its  demands.  His  success  is  but  another 
proof  of  the  possibilities  which  lie  before  an\'  man  in 
this  country  who  is  not  afraid  to  work  and  who  thor- 
oughly acquaints  himself  with  his  profession. 


229 


Islarjd  StocK  Farn). 

Northern  Massachusetts  is  hardly  the  ideal  place 
for  the  establishment  of  a  stock  farm.  The  long  severe 
winters,  the  variable  climate,  the  herbage  itself  will 
hardl}'  compare  fa^■orably  with  that  of  California  or 
Kentucky.  And  yet  there  are  stock  farms,  and  good 
ones,  in  Massachusetts,  farms  where  some  of  the  best 
bred  and  fastest  specimens  of  the  trotting  horse,  at 
once  the  pride  and  enjoyment  of  the  American  people, 
can  be  found.  The  little  town  of  Bradford  lies  on  the 
southern  bank  of  the  beautiful  Merrimack,  just  across 
from  Haverhill  and  it  is  in  this  little  town  that  Island 
Stock  Farm,  the  property  of  Colonel  H.  H.  Hale,  is 
located.  The  farm  is  beautifully  situated,  the  barns 
and  farm  house  being  in  close  proximit}-  to  the  river, 
and  in  fact  derives  its  name  from  a  large  island  on  the 
Merrimack  used  for  pasturage  purposes.  The  farm  is 
divided  into  several  sections  and  contains,  in  all,  some 
eight  hundred  acres,  under  the  general  direction  of  Mr. 
H.  L.  Burpee,  a  practical  Vermont  bred  farmer,  as 
superintendent.  Island  Stock  Farm  proper  contains 
about  two  hundred  and  fifty  acres,  and  on  it  is  situated 
as  fine  a  collection  of  stables  as  can  be  found  on  an}' 
farm  of  its  kind  east  of  Kentucky,  and  it  is  here  that 
the  trotting  stock  is  kept,  the  remaining  sections  being 
devoted  to  cattle,  pigs,  sheep,  and  hens,  all  of  the  finest 
breeds  and  carefully  selected.  The  farm  itself  is  under 
the  highest  state  of  cultivation,  and  the  crops  are  so  ex- 
tensive, that,  despite  the  enormous  outlay  incurred  by 
the  proprietor,  it  is  practically  self-sustaining. 

At  the  head  of  the  stud  is  Warder,  by  Belmont, 
dam    Waterwitch    by    Pilot   Jr.,  making    him    an    own 

230 


brother  to  Vikinij^.  Warder  is  a  bright  golden  ehest- 
nut,  five  years  oltl  and  possessed  of  a  world  of  speed, 
whieh  he  will  be,  undoubtedly,  given  a  ehanee  to  show 
under  the  skilful  handling  of  Mr.  Byron  G.  Kimball, 
the  effieient  trainer  of  Col.  Male's  stock,  and  will  be- 
come standard  b\-  performance  as  well  as  descent. 

Warder,  although  the  premier,  is  by  no  means  the 
onl\'  stallion  at  the  farm,  for  diN'idinof  the  honors  with 
him  is  Hudson,  a  four  year  old  bay  stallion  sired  by 
Kentuck\-  Prince,  dam  by  Rysdyk's  Hambletonian. 
Hudson  is  a  big  rangy  fellow  of  much  substance  and 
power,  and  while  nexer  trained  shows  much  promise. 
Bradford  Lambert  (2.39  1-4),  by  Addison  Lambert, 
dam  G>'p  by  Redpath,  and  Comet,  by  Winthrop  Morrill, 
dam  b\-  Champion  Morrill,  record  2.40  1-4  as  a  four 
year  old,  are  the  other  trotting  stallions.  There  is  also 
an  imported  Percheron  stallion.  Major  Dome,  whose 
harem  consists  ol'  three  imported  Percheron  mares, 
average  weight  1700  pcnuuls,  and  six  grade  Perch- 
erons,  the  axerage  weight  of  which  is  1500  pounds. 
There  are  some  twent}'  brood  mares  on  the  farm,  in- 
cludino-  such  o^ilt  ed^'ed  matrons  as  Silversheen,  bv 
Grand  Sentinel,  dam  Peru  Belle,  an  own  sister  to 
Strategist,  in  foal  to  Warder;  Ada  Wilkes,  by  PLim- 
bletonian  Wilkes,  dam  the  dam  of  Mambrino  Sparkle, 
in  foal  to  Sultan ;  Madam  Brodhead,  by  Indianapolis, 
dam  Mollv  by  ?^Lagna  Charta;  Belvidere,  by  Mambrino 
Patchen;  Kantaka,  by  Bay  State;  Lilly  Wilkes,  by 
Mambrino  Wilkes;  Oak  Maid,  by  iVlmont  Eclipse; 
Wilkesetta,by  Young  Jim,  etc.  The  list  might  be  pro- 
longed indefinitely,  but  enough  have  been  mentioned 
to  show  that  Colonel  Hale  is  breediuii-  onlv  to  the  best 
and  most  fashionable  strains. 


231 


T]noiT|as  H,  Bailey. 

This    pharmacy,  located    at    23    Merrimack   Street, 
was   founded  h\  Mr.  Georo^e   A.  Kimball   in    1849,  and 

carries 


on 
the  largest 
p  r  e  sc  ri  p- 
tion  busi- 
ness in  the 
cit}-.  The 
]")  r  e  s  c  r  i  p- 
tion  num- 
ber of  this 
e  s  t  a  b  1  i  s  h- 
m  e  n  t  t  o- 
d  a  V  reads 
^  5  <  upwards  of 
^'■^  150,00  o, 
which  does 
not  include 
duplicates; 
had  these 
been  num- 
bered, the 
fi  g  u  r  e  s 
would  read 
4  5  0,0  o  o. 
Over  400,- 
000  of  these 
p  r  e  s  c  r  i  p- 

tions  ha\e  been  prepared  since  Mr.  l^aile}'  became 
identitied  with  this  branch  of  the  business,  and  he 
points  with  pride  to  this   magnificent  record. 


232 


Floyd   and  Pea  body. 

Messrs.  Fl()\d  and  Pcah()d\'  arc  \oung%  energetic 
men  who  were  brought  up  in  the  clothing  business, 
and  who  arc  thoroughlN'  acquainted  with  the  demands 
and  ncc-ds  ol"  the  retail  trade  in  their  line.  The  ready 
made  clothing  business  has,  of  late  vears,  assumed  for- 
midable proportions,  and  has  made  \ast  inroads  into 
the  field  of  patronage  formcrh'  held  cxclusiveh'  bv  the 
custom  tailor.  'fo-da\'  a  retail  clothier  in  anv  large 
cit\  has  to  keep  in  stock  goods  which,  for  excellence 
oi  material,  st\le  ot  workmanship,  fit,  and  general  ap- 
pearance, cannot  be  surpassed,  at  the  price,  b\'  any 
first  class  tailor.  There  is  a  large  and  constantly  in- 
creasino-  circle  of  what  is  known  as  the  "nobby"  trade. 
But  in  a  city  like  Ha\erhill,  the  metropolis  of  a  large 
suburban  area,  there  is  still  another  class  to  be  catered 
to,  a  class  which  demand  only  good  articles  at  reason- 
able prices  and  wlio  arc  not  so  particular  as  to  style. 
Moreoyer,  children  at  the  present  da}'  are  almost  inya- 
riably  clothed  h\  a  retail  clothier,  and  the  style  of  their 
garments  is  constantly  changing,  while,  to  stand  the 
wear  and  tear  to  which  they  are  put,  only  the  finest 
and  most  substantial  cloth  can  be  used.  Since  their 
business  career  commenced,  oyer  fiye  \'ears  ago,  the 
subjects  of  this  sketch  haye  been  indefatigable  in  cater- 
ing not  only  to  all  these  branches  of  their  trade  but 
also  to  f'urnishino-  o-oods  and  all  the  minor  details  of  a 
patronage  which  is  constantly  increasing  and  which  has 
impelled  them  to  add  vastly  to  their  (from  the  begin- 
ning) laroe  and  commodious  store.  They  have  at- 
tained  the  confidence  of  the  public,  and  will  keep  it. 
Their  place  of  business  is  at  84  and  86  Merrimack  Street. 


J,  H.  SayWard. 

The  Up  Town  Hardware  Store,  of  which  J.  II.  Say- 
ward  is  the  proprietor,  was  established  in  1883. 

At  that  time  the  growth  of  the  city  on  Mount 
Washington  and  vicinity  seemed  to  him  to  warrant  the 
opening  of  a  store  up  town,  and  his  judgment  proved  to 
be  correct.  His  business  has  increased  to  such  an  extent 
that  where  only  one  man  was  employed  during  the  first 
two  years,  he  now  employs  three  besides  his  book- 
keeper. His  floor  surface  is  far  too  small  to  show  up  the 
line  of  goods  he  carries  in  as   convenient  and  pleasing 

a  manner  as  he  would  like, 
although  he  has  kept  adding 
to  it  from  time  to  time  as 
his  business  would  allow, 
until  at  the  present  time  he 
occupies  4300  square  feet 
of  salesroom  supplied  with 
all  the  modern  conveni- 
ences of  the  present  day. 
His  greatest  specialty  is 
fishing  tackle,  and  it  is  con- 
ceded by  all,  that  his  store 
is  headquarters  for  anything 
in  that  line. 

He  also  carries  a  full  line  of  builders"'  and  general 
hardware,  farmers'  and  mechanics'  supplies,  paints  and 
oils,  glass  and  putty,  and  everything  usually  found  in  a 
first  class  hardware  store;  and  he  has  shown  by  his 
push  and  energy,  b}-  a  strict  attention  to  business,  and 
by  keeping  pace  with  the  times,  that  he  merits  and  has 
received  a  generous  share  of  patronage. 


234 


T1]G  Per(tiicKet   Variable  Stitch[ 
Sewirig  Mactii^e. 

The  Pcntuckct  Variable  Stitch  Sewino-  Machine  is 
a  Ha\crhill  iiiNcntion,  and  is  owned  and  controlled 
almost  cntireK  In  llaxerhill  capital.  By  its  means  the 
possibilities  of  execution  of  the  sewing  machine  have 
been  larirely  increased,  since  it  does  easily  and  com- 
pletely a  class  of  work  which,  up  to  the  time  of  its  in- 
vention, was  done  entirely  b\'  hand.  The  machine  is  a 
mar\  el  of  siniplicit\ .  and  is  constructed  according  to 
the  most  improved  methods  known  in  the  art  of  sewing 
machine  manufacture.  All  the  parts  are  interchangea- 
ble and  are  made  of  the  best  material  in  the  best  possi- 
manncr.  No  other  sewing  machine  can  compete  with 
it  in  the  bcaut\'  and  excellence  of  the  class  of  work 
produced,  and  an  ordinary  sewing  machine  operator 
can,  with  a  few  hours"  practice,  run  it,  and  can  close- 
1\  imitate  all  the  fuicN'  stitches  now  made  by  hand.  It 
will  make  thousands  of  fancy  stitches  without  attach- 
ments, and  a  change  from  one  stitch  to  another  can  be 
made  instantlv  while  the  machine  is  in  motion  if 
desired.  It  will  make  a  lock-stitch  which  will  not 
ravel,  and  silk,  linen,  cotton  thread,  or  floss  of  any  size 
can  be  used.  Moreover,  the  machine  works  equallv 
well  on  non-elastic  or  elastic  fabrics,  and  boots  and  shoes, 
corsets,  gloves,  etc.,  can  be  feather  or  fancy  stitched 
with  the  greatest  ease.  As  may  be  seen,  the  machine 
tills    a    long   telt  want,  and  its  success  is  not  surprising. 

Mr.  William  H.  Smiley  is  the  president  of  the  cor- 
poration, Charles  Howard  Poor,  secretary,  and  the 
home  office  is  in  Flaverhill. 


235 


Har[SCorr[  Brottiers. 


Haverhill  is  the  eenter  of  a  large  agrieiiltural  terri- 
tory, and  the  firm  of  Hanseom  Brothers  has  thriven  b}' 
attention  to  its  wants.  The  firm,  then  consisting  of  M. 
W.  and  W.  A.  Hanseom,  bought  out  in  1865  the  long- 
established  firm  of  Paul  and  Farrington  and  has  since 
that  time  been   located  at  No.  30  Main   Street,  on   the 

same  spot,  although  a  new 
buildino-  has  been  erected 
during  that  time  lor  their 
occupancv.  Their  stock 
comprises  paints,  oils,  hard- 
ware, agricultural  imple- 
ments, seeds,  etc.  Their 
trade  embraces  not  onl}-  a 
large  part  of  northern  Essex 
but  also  nearly  all  of  Rock- 
ingham Count}'  in  New 
Hampshire,  and  it  is  no  un- 
common thing  during  the 
spring  and  summer  to  see 
the  street  in  front  of  their 
store  crowded  with  the  wagons  of  farmers  who  have 
come  from  ten  to  thirty  miles  for  the  purpose  of  deal- 
in£r  with  Hanseom  Brothers.  Durino-  the  first  ten  vears 
a  close  attention  to  business,  a  keen  observation,  and  a 
careful  consideration  of  the  wants  of  their  trade  reaped 
their  natural  and  legitimate  fruit  in  a  five-fold  increase 
of  their  business,  and  the  growth  since  has  been  in  the 
same  proportion,  steady  and  constant.  The  firm  now 
consists  of  M.  W.  and  J.  A.  Hanseom. 


236 


C,  T.  Weaver. 


Although  Haverhill  is  one  of  the  healthiest  cities  in 
that  most  health}'  state,  Massachusetts,  vet  "  the  wages 
of  sin  is  death,*"  and  no  elixir  has,  as  vet,  been  discov- 
ered which  will  a\ert  ine\  itable  decay  and  death. 
Since  this  is  so,  and  the  last  sad  rites  of  respect  must 
be  paid  to  our  departed  ere  they  return  to  the  dust 
from  whence  the\-  sprang,  that  cit\-  is  indeed  fortunate 
which  can  command  the  ser\  ices  of  a  competent 
undertaker  and  funeral  director;  and  such,  there  can  be 
no  question,  Mr.  Carlos  T.  Wea\  er  is.  lie  is  thor- 
oughly \ersed  in  all  the  details  of  his  profession,  has 
had  years  ot  experience  and  careful  instruction  in  all 
its  branches,  and,  moreover,  carries  a  large  and  com- 
plete line  of  caskets,  coffins,  robes,  etc.  1 1  is  business 
attained  its  present  proportions  onl\-  alter  Ncars  of 
steady  industr\  and  personal  attention,  for  it  is  a  busi- 
ness as  susceptible  of  growth  as  an\-  other,  and  the 
qualitications  required  for  success  are  as  great  ii'  not 
greater  than  in  uny  other. 

The  confidence  of  his  clients  must  be  gained,  con- 
fidence in  his  skill  as  well  as  honest\',  and  this  con- 
fidence Mr.  Weaver  has  acquired.  Haverhill  people 
feel  the  assurance,  that,  when  his  services  are  required, 
they  will  receive  just  what  they  want;  that  the  same 
attention  will  be  paid  to  the  poor  as  to  the  rich,  and 
that  only  in  the  minor  details  will  the  ditierence  be 
perceptible;  and  his  perfect  tact,  his  svmpathv,  and 
attention  are  at  the  service  of  all  alike.  Both  his 
office  and  house  are  connected  bv  telephone,  and  calls 
at  any  hour  of  the  day  and  night  will  receive  immedi- 
ate attention.      Plis  warerooms  are  at  34  Main  Street. 

237 


LeBosqilet  Brotl^Grs. 

The  business  established  b\-  C.  B.  LeBosquet  in 
1743  has  never  been  out  of  the  family  and  has  come  to 
be  regarded  as  one  of  the  fixtures  of  Haverhill.  It  has 
remained  in  its  present  location.  No.  20  Main  Street, 
for  sixtv  years.  The  present  building  was  erected  b}' 
C.  B.  LeBosquet,  jr.,  in  1861.  LeBosquet  Brothers  car- 
rv  on  a  o-eneral  stove,  plumbino,  furnace,  and  steam  heat- 

i  n g  busi- 
ness. Thev 
m  a  n  u  fa  c  - 
ture    a    low 


pressure 
steam  heat- 
ing appara- 
tus, which 
h  a  s  bee  n 
successfully 
i  n  troduced 
into  a  large 
number  of 
stores,  pub- 
lic build- 
i  n g s  ,  an  d 
private  residences,  and  which  has  given  great  satisfac- 
tion. In  this  branch  they  are  wholesalers  and  retailers, 
with  an  office  at  No.  82  Union  Street  in  Boston.  They 
are  ao-ents  for  the  Hub  rano-e,  and  for  the  Adams  and 
Westlake  non-explosive  oil  stoves,  and  carr}'  on  a  large 
business  in  gas  fixtures  and  minor  articles  of  trade. 

They  devote  especial   care  to  plumbing,  employing 
only  the  most  expert  workmen. 


238 


Tt]G  flcadenqy  of  Miisic, 

Of  which  J.  F.  West  is  the  lessee  and  manager, 
and  A.  A.  Inoersoll  treasurer,  was  erected  in  1883,  and 
opened  to  the  public  on  Wednesday  evening,  Septem- 
ber 17,  1885,  the  opening  attraction  being  the  Bos- 
ton Symphony  Orchestra,  and  an  address  by  Prof.  J. 
W.  Churchill  of  Ando\er.  On  the  afternoon  of  Juh'  7, 
1888,  it  was  totall\'  destroyed  by  hre.  The  work  of 
rebuilding  was  commenced  at  once,  and  in  seventeen 
weeks,  on  Monday  e^•ening,  November  12,  1888,  it  was 
rededicated  by  the  Redmund  and  J^arry  Dramatic 
Companw  who  appeared  in  "  I  li'iminie.  or  the  Cross  of 
(jold."  In  lebuilding.  many  improvements  and  altera- 
tions were  made,  making  it  one  of  the  best  appointed 
theaters  in  New  England.  The  seating  capacit\  is 
1600;  proscenium  opening,  height  41  feet,  width  13:^ 
feet;  depth  of  stage,  40  feet;  width  wall  to  wall,  67 
feet;  height  to  ti\  gallery.  26  leet;  width  between  tl^• 
rails,  42  feet;  height  to  rigging  loft  55  feet;  height  of 
grooves  20  feet.  There  are  three  working  drops,  and 
thirteen  sets  of  scener^•,  painted  b\-  the  well  known 
scenic  artist,  L.  W.  Seary.  of  New  York. 

The  theater  is  admirably  situated,  securinof  eleven 
exits  opening  into  four  streets,  the  largest  audience  being 
able  to  pass  out  in  three  minutes. 

Ten  months  of  the  year  the  theater  is  open,  pre- 
senting in  rapid  succession  all  the  leading  attractions, 
consistino-  of  the  New  York  and  Boston  successes,  the 
leading  stars,  the  great  spectacular  dramas.  Music  is 
not  neglected,  operas,  both  the  grand  and  comic,  often 
appearing,  the  management  being  ahvays  desirous  to 
cater  to   all   the  tastes  of  the  amusement  loving  public. 

239 


Geo.  H,  Carletor]  arid  Corripariy. 


The  house  of  (jeorge  H.  Carleton  and  Company 
was  established  in  i86(S,  under  the  style  of  Johnson  and 
Carleton,  for  the  manufacture  of  ladies'  calf  and  buff 
shoes.  In  1878,  Mr.  Johnson  withdrew  from  the  firm, 
leaving  the  business  to  be  continued  by  Mr.  Carleton 
i%  .  ,,,  at  the  old  stand. 

In  1880  he  re- 
mo\ed  to  his  new 
factory,  No.  72 
Win  gate  Street, 
w  h  e  r  e  h  e  w  a  s 
burned  out  in  the 
great  tire  of  Feb- 
ruary  17,  1882. 
The  factory  was 
immediately  re- 
built and  occupied 
i  n  July  of  that 
}•  e  a  r;  I  n  1 884 
George  B.  Case 
became  a  member 

.  „vt«w.-'-«'  of     the      house, 

which,  under  the  name  of  George  H.  Carleton  and 
Company,  has  continued  the  manufacture  of  ladies'  calf 
unlined  and  buff  shoes  for  Southern  and  Western  trade 
to  the  present  time. 

This  house  has  always  been  careful  to  keep  up  the 
qua]it\'  of  its  goods,  rarely  losing  a  customer,  has 
built  up  a  large  and  increasing  trade,  and  maintains  an 
excellent  reputation  as  one  of  Hayerhill's  representa- 
tiye  firms. 


240 


Jolnn  McMillan. 


John  McMillan  came  to  Haverhill  irom  Boston  in 
March,  i(S85,and  opened  an  establishment  on  the  upper 
floor  of  the  Academy  of  Music.  He  commenced  in 
an  humble  \va\',  emplovini;-  three  hands  and  doinu-  but 
little  business.  He  paid  strict  attention  to  his  work, 
however,  and  ^^^radually  increased  his  force,  until  at  the 
present  time  he  o^i\es  constant  employment  to  se\enteen 
hands  while  his  business  has  grown  to  \"ery  large  pro- 
portions.     His  tirst  (piarters  soon  grew  too  narrow,  and 


he  was  obli^'cd  to  move  his  show  and  cutting  rooms  to 
the  lower  story,  still  retaining  his  former  rooms  as 
work-rooms.  His  present  parlors  are  among  the  finest 
in  the  state,  while  he  carries  a  full  line  of  cloths  such  as 
are  usually  sold  by  the  best  merchant  tailors.  Mr. 
McMillan  is  a  good  example  of  his  fellows-craftsmen 
in  the  citv,  and  his  success  in  establishing  so  large  a  busi- 
ness so  soon  testifies  to  the  character  of  his  work. 


241 


Th[e  HaVerl]ill  Hat  Corripariy. 


The  ll;i\crhill  Hat  Company  was  incorporated  in 
nSyi,  haNini;-  a  jiaid  up  capital  ot"  littv  tliousand  dollars, 
with  Ebcn  Mitchell  as  president  and  Charles  Butters 
treasurer.  At  the  present  time  and  for  the  last  decade 
the  factory  has  been  running  exclusively  on  orders. 

While  our  predecessors  were  successful  manufac- 
turers, the  goods  made  by  them  would  have  but  small 

a  sales  to-dav. 
Some  four  or 
five  colors  and 
perhaps  twenty 
or  thirt\'  st3'les 
were  all  that  was 
then  required. 
Now  twenty  or 
more  colors  and 
two  hundred  and 
fifty  difi'erent 
styles  are  made 
up  for  every  sale. 
The  Haverhill 
Hat  Company  have  a  wide  reputation  lor  their  superior 
colors,  acknowledged  by  dealers  to  be  excelled  by  no 
other  manufacturer.  A  specialty  during  the  months  of 
summer  and  autumn  is  a  line  of  ladies'  and  misses'  felts. 
The  goods  are  so  well  known  by  the  millinery  trade 
throughout  the  country  that  the  demand  is  always 
greater  then  the  supply.  In  the  ofiice  of  the  company 
hangs  the  certificate  awarded  by  the  International  Ex- 
hibition at  Philadelphia  in  1876. 


242 


Tl^ree  Taylors, 


Ab()^•L'  is  presented  a  \  iew  ol'  the  interior  of  the 
clothing  house  of  Three  Taylors,  73  and  75  Merrimack 
Street.  The  business  of  this  tirm,  tirst  established 
nearly  a  hall  century  ago  b\-  the  now  senior  member 
of  the  tirm,  the  Hon.  Le\i  Taxlor,  has  constantly  arown. 
From  time  to  time  small  stores  have  been  gi\en  up  and 
larger  ones  taken  to  meet  the  increasing  demand  for 
well  made  clothing,  until  they  now  occup\'  one  of  the 
largest  stores  in  Essex  Count\',  containing  about  six- 
thousand  feet  of  floor  room.  Persons  visiting-  the  citv 
should  not  fail  to  look  through  this  establishment,  where 
may  be  found  a  large  assortment  of  gentlemen's  cloth- 
ing and  furnishing  goods,  suited  to  the  various  seasons 
of  our  climate  and  in  sizes  from  the  small  boNs'  suit  up 
to  that  which  will  tit  the  extra  stout  and  tall  man. 


243 


Gardrier  Broth[Grs. 

In  1869  Gardner  Brothers  (E.  W.  and  S.  P.  Gardner) 
began  the  nianufaeture  of  hidies'  serge  shoes  in  a  fac- 
tory on  Washington  Square,  succeeding  the  hrm  of  J. 
Gardner  and  Sons,  which  had  been  in  business  in  Haver- 
hill since  1845,  The  tirm  name  is  unchanged,  though 
Mr.  E.  W.  Gardner  has  been  succeeded  b}-  Mr.  John 
H.  Thomas,  who  had  been  for  twenty  years  superinten- 
dent of  the  factory. 

Six  years  ago 
the  firm  built  a 
large  and  commo- 
dious factory,  Nos. 
_^  cS  -  4  4  Granite 
Street,  to  which 
the  business  was 
remo\ed,  and  here 
all  of  the  manufac- 
turing is  now  done, 
a  part  of  which, 
after  the  fashion  of 
other  days,  was 
once  done  in  the 
country.  Gardner 
Ihothers  emplo\'  about  a  hundred  and  fifty  hands,  and 
make  annually  about  a  quarter  of  a  million  pairs  of 
shoes,  —  men's  calf  and  bufi'  buttons,  balmorals,  and 
congress,  ladies'  kid.  Dongola,  gloye  grain,  buttons  and 
Polish.  They  manufacture  medium  grades,  all  lor  the 
Southern  and  Southwestern  trade,  which  command  a 
ready  and  constant  sale.  The  Boston  office  is  at  No. 
115  Summer  Street. 


244 


W.  B.  Thjorri  and  Corripany. 

Anionic  the  inipcjrtiint  industries  of  the  city,  and 
second  only  to  tlie  shoe  business,  is  the  manufacture  of 
hats,  of  which  the  extensive  factory  of  W.  B.  Thorn 
and  Company  is  tlie  hirirest.  The  plant  is  situated  on 
River  Street,  a  few  hundred  yards  west  of  the  Boston 
and  Maine  Railway  station,  occupying  a  lot  of  two  hun- 
ch ed  and  eight}'  feet  front  and  running  back  to  the  river. 
Tlie  plant  now  comprises  live  buildings,  containing  col- 


lecti\ely    about    32,000    leet    of    floors,     engine-house, 
boiler-house,  store-houses,  etc. 

The  capacity  of  the  original  factory  was  about 
seventy  dozen  wool  hats  per  day.  The  present  plant, 
when  in  lull  operation,  can  turn  out  four  hundred  dozen 
per  day,  of  every  variety  of  fur  and  wool  hats,  for  men's, 
ladies',  and  children's  wear.  They  emplov  about  five 
hundred  hands  when  in  full  operation,  w^ith  a  pay-roll 
of  nearly  five  thousand  dollars  per  w^eek. 


245 


T.  S.  RuddocK  arid  Sor|. 


The  senior  member  of  the  tirm,  Mr.  Thomas  S. 
Ruddock,  began  in  1858  in  West  Newbury,  tive  miles 
from  Haverhill,  the  manufacture  of  men's  and  women's 
machine  and  women's  hand  sewed  slippers.  In  the 
spring  of  1884  his  factory  was  burned  and  he  came  to 
Haverhill,  establishing  himself  here  at  23  and  25  Essex 
Street.  In  the  fall  of  that  year  he  associated  with  him- 
self his  son,  Mr.  Austin  E.  Ruddock,  under  the  name  of 
T.  S.  Ruddock  and  Son. 

After  cominsr  to  Haverhill  the  business  cauirht  the 
impetus  of  its  surroundings  and  grew  apace,  so  that  in 
October,  1888,  the  firm  moved  again,  this  time  to  130 
Washington  Street,  in  order  to  obtain  more  room. 
This  factorv  alreadv,  in  less  than  a  year,  has  proved  too 
small,  and  it  is  now  in  contemplation  to  add  another 
story  to  accommodate  increased  demands,  although  the 
firm's  facilities  were  greatly  enlarged  and  increased  by 
the  change. 

Ruddock  and  Son  manufacture  men's,  women's, 
and  misses'  hand  and  machine  sewed  shoes  and  slip- 
pers. They  are  sold  exclusively  to  the  jobbing  trade, 
and  find  a  market  in  all  parts  of  the  countr}',  in  New 
England  as  well  as  in  the  South  and  West. 

The  long  experience  of  the  senior  partner  in  the 
manufacture  of  shoes,  extending  over  thirty  years,  has 
amply  qualified  him  for  the  successful  management  of 
a  large  business.  His  son  has  grown  up  with  it,  and 
the  firm,  with  the  present  enlarged  facilities  and  the 
prospect  of  more,  lacks  nothing,  apparently,  needed  for 
even  a  more  successl\il  continuance.  The  firm's  Bos- 
ton ofiice  is  at  112  Summer  Street. 

246 


Hazeri  B,  Goodricln  aqd  Conqpariy. 


This  llrm  began  business  in  April,  1887,  at  72 
Washington  Street,  the  senior  partner  having  been  for 
some  years  a  member  of  the  well  known  and  long  es- 
tablished firm  of  Goodrich  and  Porter.  .  The  junior 
partner,  Mr.  Frank  [.  l^radley,  was  admitted  to  the 
tirm  in  July,  1889. 

Goodrich  and  Company  manufacture  a  line  of 
women's  hand  turned  button  boots,  low-cut  shoes,  and 
a  Goodyear  welt,  e.\elusi\'ely  for  the  jobbing  trade,  and 
a  large  and  varied  line  of  men's  and  women's  shoes  and 
slippers  for  the  finest  retail  trade.  They  also  manufac- 
ture a  patented  shoe,  which  is  a  hand  turned  shoe  with 
an  extension  edge  that  gives  it  the  appearance  of  a  welt 
sewed  shoe.  Their  goods  include  all  sorts  of  Dongola, 
ooze  calf,  goat,  alligator,  plush,  embroidered  goods,  etc. 

They  occupy  a  hre-proof  factory,  spacious,  well 
lighted,  fitted  with  all  the  conveniences  exacted  by  the 
modern  methods  of  shoe  manufacturing,  and  their  facili- 
ties are  thus  unsurpassed.  The  results  are  seen  in  the 
products  of  the  factory,  which  have  a  reputation  for 
unequalled  excellence,  completeness,  beauty  of  finish 
and  wearing  qualities.  The}'  find  a  ready  market  in  all 
sections  of  the  country  from  Maine  to  Florida,  having 
a  large  sale  in  California  and  Texas.  They  amply 
justify  the  reputation  which  Haverhill  has  gained  for 
the  manufacture  of  the  best  class  of  goods. 

Mr.  Goodrich's  long  experience  in  the  making  and 
selling  of  this  class  of  goods  has  given  him  a  peculiar  fit- 
ness for  it,  and  Mr.  Bradley's  energy  and  acquaintance 
with  the  trade  assist  the  firm  to  command  success. 


247 


First  Natiorial  BariK, 

Was  organized  as  the  Union  Bank  in  1849  with  a 
capital  of  $100,000,  increased  in  1885  to  $150,000,  and 
in  18^7  to  $200,000.  It  was  re-organized  in  1864  as 
the  First  National  Bank,  and  in  1870  a  stock  dividend 
of  25  per  cent  was  declared  and  its  capital  increased  to 
$300,000.  Its  surplus  fund  is  $120,000,  and  its  un- 
divided profits 
$20,458.  Its 
aim,  to  supply 
the  wants  of 
the  business 
men  of  Haver- 
hill, as  demon- 
strated by  the 
increase  of 
capital  as  oc- 
casion requir- 
ed, is  still  the 
policy  of  the 
present  man- 
Its 


agement. 

officers  are:  President,  George  Cogswell;  cashier,  E.  G. 
Wood;  directors,  George  Cogswell,  Levi  Taylor, 
Samuel  Laubham,  R.  Stuart  Chase,  S.  Porter  Gardner, 
Charles  C.  Griffin,  S.  H.  Gale,  James  H.  Durgin,  E.  G. 
Wood. 

For  many  years  the  bank  was  located  on  Merri- 
mack Street,  but  with  the  growth  of  the  city  westward, 
a  site,  was  purchased  on  Washington  Street  and  a  sub- 
stantial brick  building  erected,  in  which  the  bank  occu- 
pies handsomely  furnished  rooms. 


24S 


G.  W,  Petterigill. 


Although  the  character  of  a  place  like  Haverhill 
has  suffered  marked  changes  in  the  course  of  years,  and 
although  the  \illage  which  was  once  the  market  place 
for  a  wide  circuit  of  surrounding  country  has  now 
many  ri\als  that  divide  its  commerce,  3'et  some  of  its 
characteristics  remain  unchanged  and  it  is  still  a 
natural  center  lor  trade  and  exchange  in  agricultural 
products,  though  mauN'  ol  these  at  the  present  time  are 
imported  from  a  distance,  instead  of  being  grown,  as 
was  the  custom  lormerly,  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of 
Haverhill. 

Conspicuous  among  the  large  dealers  in  ha}',  all 
sorts  of  grain,  and  straw,  is  Mr.  G.  W.  Pettengill,  who 
succeeded  in  |ul\,  1SS4,  to  a  business  pursued  b}'  Mr. 
E.  G.  Chenc}-,  and  whose  place  of  business  is  at  Nos. 
34  and  36  Fleet  Street,  at  wdiat  is  known  as  the  "old 
Hunkins  stand,"  where  for  many  years  back  a  lively 
trade  in  hay  and  grain  has  been  carried  on.  On  this 
spot  Mr.  Pettengill  has  remained,  continuing  the  old 
traditions,  doing  a  large  business,  averaging  over  sixty 
thousand  dollars'  worth  a  year,  more  than  three  times 
its  volume  during  the  first  year,  and  steadil}'  increasing. 
His  ha\'  he  ships  from  Maine,  New^  Hampshire,  and 
Canada;  his  grain  he  brings  from  the  West;  his  straw 
from  New  York  state.  He  uses  w^eekl}'  a  car-load  of 
oats  and  of  meal,  more  than  a  car-load  a  w^eek  of  hay 
and  straW' ,  and  a  car-load  of  corn  ever}'  tw^o  or  three 
weeks. 

Mr.  Pettengill  is  a  Haverhill  man  born  and  bred, 
popular,  energetic,  ambitious,  and  deserves  the  success 
he  has  attained. 


249 


Tt[G  Ptioeriix  Drilg  Store, 

Of  which  Messrs.  Frank  E.  Pollard  and  Frank  E. 
Watson  are  proprietors,  had  its  origin  in  the  fall  ol 
1879,  when  it  was  rather  sneeringly  remarked  that 
some  insane  persons  were  to  open  a  drug  store  at  the 
corner  of  Washington  Street  and  Washington  Square, 
with  predictions  not  very  flattering  to  the  young  men 
who  were  undertaking  the  enterprise.  They  were 
meeting  with  success,  however,  when  the  great  Are  of 
the  spring  of  1882  swept  away  their  store  and  stock. 
The  store  was  rebuilt,  however,  and  its  present  name, 
"The    Phoenix    Drug    Store,"   arose     from    that  event. 

The  retail  department  is  located  on  the  corner  of 
IlaverhilTs  main  business  thoroughfare,  in  a  large, 
commodious,  and  well  lighted  store.  Special  attention 
is  paid  to  the  courteous  reception  of  trade. 

To  the  strict  attention  and  personal  supervision 
exercised  in  the  prescription  department  has  been  due 
the  marked  increase  in  this  branch,  which  now  requires 
the  attention  of  three  experienced  pharmacists.  The 
soda  and  mineral  water  business  has  been  developed  to 
its  present  condition  by  their  eflbrts,  they  being  the  first 
to  introduce  the  Saratoga  mineral  waters  here. 

Dermicure,  a  lotion  for  the  skin,  and  the  Eastern 
Milk  Remedy,  known  to  be  successful  in  the  treatment 
of  rheumatism,  are  manufactured  by  this  firm.  They 
also  manufacture  fruit  juices  for  soda  fountain  use  by 
their  own  peculiar  method,  which  they  hold  as  a  secret. 
These  juices,  orange  in  particular,  have  a  reputation 
that  sells  them  in  nearly  all  parts  of  the  United  States. 
Their  laboratory  contains  the  newest  machinery  and 
employs  the   most  approved  methods. 

250 


HUriKiris  ar|d  Wildes. 


It  is  characteristic  of  Haverhill,  and  of  Haverhill's 
methods  and  business,  that  nr)  man  need  feel  that  he 
must  fail  in  lilb  for  lack  of  an  opportunity  or  on  account 
ol'his  youth.  No  axcnuc  of  success  is  shut  to  him  for 
these  reasons,  and,  therctore,  the  enormous  airsreirate 
output  ot'  boots  and  shoes  annuall}'  sent  out  from 
Haverhill  is  not  the  product  of  one  or  several  gitrantic 
factories  or  lar^-c  corporations,  but  represents  a  total  of 
H'oods  made  b\'  se\  eral  hundred  lirms,  larger  and 
smaller,  whose  number  is  e\  er\'  now  and  then  increased 
by  men  of  experience  who  ha\e  decided  to  lea\e  the 
factories  of  others  and  strike  out  for  themselves. 

vSuch  tirms  as  that  of  Hunkins  and  Wildes,  though 
each  member  had  been  in  business  for  himself  before 
this  partnership  was  formed,  represent  this  tendency  in 
HaNerhilTs  chief  business. 

Familiar  from  youth  with  the  manufacture  of  shoes, 
both  bring  to  this  comparatively  recent  association  the 
cpialilications  for  success  in  long  acquaintance  with  manu- 
facturing processes,  and  a  personal  skill  in  using  them. 
The  senior  partner,  Mr.  Warren  C.  Hunkins,  had  been 
for  some  \ears  a  member  of  the  firm  of  J.  B.  Sw^ett's 
Sons,  wdiile  the  junior  member,  Mr.  E.  J.  Wildes,  had 
been  in  business  alone  since  1883. 

The}'  tbrmed  the  present  partnership  in  October, 
1888,  and  established  themselves  at  25  and  27  Railroad 
Square.  They  make  a  general  line  of  men's,  w^omen's, 
and  bovs'  tine  and  medium  hand  sew^ed  shoes  and  slip- 
pers, making  a  specialty  of  hand  sewed  goods  and  of 
hand  work  in  distinction  from  machine  work.  They 
are    constantl}'   adding  new   styles    and   combinations. 

251 


Ctiarles  Erxiersor)  Gr\d  Sor[S. 

It  is  not  unreasonable  to  suppose  that  the  character- 
istics of  a  city's  stores  represent,  in  part  at  least,  the 
characteristics  of  its  inhabitants,  and  it  is  with  pride, 
therefore,  that  Haverhill's  citizens  reflect  that  in  Emer- 
son's Bazaar  they  possess  probably  the  linest  store  of 
the  sort  in  New  England  and  that  the}'  can  tind  in  its 
stock  anything  adapted  to  their  varied  tastes  that  could 
be  got  in  a  metropolitan  establishment. 


The  firm  deals  in  china  and  all  sorts  of  ware,  —  glass, 
earthen,  silver-plated,  in  cutler}-  and  kerosene  goods,  in 
fancy  articles  and  toys,  and  housekeeping  utensils  in 
general.  They  are  in  direct  connection  with  the  large 
potters  of  the  Old  World — Haviland,  Wedgwood, 
Minton,  Copeland  —  and  there  is  no  sort  of  ware,  Amer- 
ican or  foreign,  that  they  do  not  have  in  stock,  or  can 
not  furnish  at  short  notice. 

The}'  do  a  very  large  importing  and  jobbing  busi- 
ness in  addition  to  their  extensive  retail  trade. 


252 


SiIrririGr  arid   Chjaridler. 


Among  the  most  cntcrprisin<^  and  progressive  of 
the  many  Hve  firms  connected  with  the  shoe  and 
leather  trade,  this  firm  occupies  a  high  rank  in  the 
business  world. 

The  partners,  James  S.  Sumner  and  Charles  W. 
Chandler,  are  men  of  extended  and  varied  experience 
in  the  leather  trade  and  manufacture  of  bottom  stock 
lor  boots  and  shoes. 

The  firm  as  at  present  constituted  began  business 
two  3'ears  ago,  since  which  time  their  energy  and  en- 
terprise have  borne  the  fruit  of  a  steady  growth  in  their 
business,  which  now  takes  rank  among  the  most  exten- 
si\'e  in  their  line;  and  their  present  factor}',  though 
double  the  size  of  the  one  occupied  (jne  3'ear  ago,  is 
crowded  to  its  full  capacit}',  and  the  firm  are  already 
contemplating  a  still  larger  increase  of  facilities  in  the 
near    i'uture. 

The  firm's  specialty  is  the  manufacture  of  a  full 
line  of  bottom  stock  for  boots  and  shoes,  and  the 
product  of  the  factor}-  is  meeting  with  much  favor 
where\'er  boots  and  shoes  are  made.  The}-  are  the 
only  concern  in  the  cit}'  manufacturing  fine  moulded 
counters;  in  this,  as  in  many  other  things,  they  show 
their  quick  appreciation  of  the  needs  of  the  home  as 
well  as  foreign  trade.  The  thorough  practical  training 
of  the  members  of  the  firm  is  shown  in  every  depart- 
ment of  their  factory.  This  fact,  coupled  with  skilled 
employees,  improved  machiner}',  and  the  best  of  raw 
material,  gives  a  product  which  is  a  credit  to  the  firm 
and  which   meets   with   fa\or  in  the  trade  as  shown  by 


their  increasing  sales. 


253 


Fred.  W.  Peabody. 


Mr.  Peabody  started  in  business  as  a  music  dealer 
in  a  small  way  on  Water  Street  four  years  ago,  but 
shortly  afterwards  bought  out  Mr.  Orin  W.  Tasker's 
old  stand  at  208  Merrimack  Street,  which  was  the 
oldest,  largest,  and  best  stand  in  the  city,  the  store 
having  been  built  h\  Mr.  Tasker  expressly  for  the 
music  business. 


Mr.  Peabody  buys  and  sells  musical  instruments,  on 
the  instalment  plan  when  desired,  exchanges  them, 
and  repairs  them  at  short  notice.  Being  a  musician 
and  a  teacher  of  music,  he  is  well  fitted  to  select  good 
instruments.  He  is  the  exclusive  agent  for  the  William 
Bourne  and  the  A.  B.  Chase  pianos,  and  also  has  the 
largest  and  best  assortment  of  small  instruments  in  the 
city. 


254 


F.  N,  Livirigstori  arid  Conqpariy. 

It  is  a  characteristic  of  Havcrhiirs  chief  industry, 
and  not  its  least  fortunate  one,  that  it  is  shared  b}'  a 
large  number  of  acti\e  and  energetic  men,  often  with 
but  moderate  cnpital,  and,  also,  that  it  naturally  sur- 
rounds itself  with  different  forms  of  manufacturing 
industry,  more  or  less  closely  related  to  the  main  busi- 
ness. 

Among  the  tirms  acti\ely  engaged  in  one  of  these 
subdivisions  of  shoemaking  is  that  of  F.  N.  Livingston 
and  Compan}',  a  wide-awake,  enterprising  concern, 
which  manufactures  top-lifting,  and  sole-leather  and  belt- 
ing heels,  making  a  specialty  of  their  shanks  for  ladies"' 
turned  boots,  and  moulded  heels.  The  senior  partner 
is  Mr.  Frank  N.  Livingston,  who,  after  sixteen  3'ears' 
experience  with  the  well  known  firm  of  Goodrich  and 
Porter,  started  in  business  for  himself  some  four  ^•ears 
ago,  hiring  a  corner  of  a  small  room  at  three  dollars  a 
month,  doino-  all  of  his  own  work.  The  increase  of 
the  business  has,  however,  necessitated  the  enlarge- 
ment of  the  firm,  the  junior  partner,  Mr.  George  T. 
Leighton,  having  been  a  member  about  a  year. 

The  business  which  four  years  ago  needed  but  one 
corner  of  a  room  now  demands  accommodations  in 
marked  contrast,  and  the  firm  is  now  located  at  No.  12 
Porter  Place,  where  they  keep  ten  men  in  constant 
employment.  The}'  dispose  of  the  greater  part  of  the 
product  of  their  factory  out  of  town,  selling  largel}'  to 
customers  in  New  York  state  and  in  the  distant  West. 
Having  met  with  such  marked  success  as  to  double 
their  business  in  the  past  six  months,  they  mean  to 
double  it  again  in  the  next  six. 

255 


J.  F.  arid  E.  J.  Donal^ile, 

The  firm  of  J.  F.  and  E.  J.  Donahue  is  one  of  the 
firms  of  young  and  enterprising  business  men,  neither 
being  as  yet  thirty  years  old.  The  senior  member, 
John  F.,  has  been  identified  with  the  leather  business 
for  the  last  fifteen  years,  having  been  employed  by  the 
late  Otis  W.  Butters  and  other  prominent  dealers. 
Edward  J.,  the  junior  member,  has  been  eonnected 
with  him  about  a  3'ear,  the  co-partnership  being  formed 
June  I,  1888.  Their  place  of  business  is  at  30  Win- 
gate  Street.  Thc}^  manufiicture  men's  and  women's 
out-soles,  hand-sewed  in-soles,  in-soles  for  Good3'ear 
welts,  and  all  kinds  for  boots  and  shoes.  They  make  a 
specialty  of  children's  out-soles  for  turned  work,  coun- 
ters for  turned  work  and   moulding,  taps,  shanks,  etc. 

By  industr}'  and  strict  attention  to  details,  this  firm 
have  steadily  increased  their  trade,  emplo3'ing  a  number 
of  hands  and  doing  an  extensive  business.  In  fact  the 
increase  has  been  so  great  that  additional  room  will  be 
required  before  long. 

They  take  great  care  in  preparing  their  goods  and 
use  only  leather  of  best  Union  tanneries. 

Their  machines  are  all  of  the  latest  patterns  and 
best  makes,  and  the}-  spare  no  expense  to  produce  first 
class  goods. 

Thc}^  fill  orders  in  the  shortest  possible  time  and 
guarantee  satisfaction  in  every  instance. 

This  firm's  success  in  the  leather  trade  affords  still 
another  illustration  of  what  youth,  when  combined 
with  business  sagacity,  strict  industry,  and  an  honor- 
able reputation  among  business  men,  can  accomplish  in 
Haverhill,  even  in  a  comparatively  brief  space  of  time. 

256 


Nasori   and   TiicK. 

Messrs.  William  Nason  and  William  O.  Tuck 
started  in  the  slioe  business  in  Au_L,aist,  1888,  and, 
although  }'oung  men  now,  thev  have  both  been  identi- 
fied with  the  business  interests  of  the  city  tor  thirteen 
years  or  more,  Mr.  Nason  as  a  partner  in  the  oldest 
and  largest  firm  of  shoe  supplies,  and  Mr.  Tuck  as  a 
partner  in  the  largest  retail  grocery  in  the  city. 

I'hey  manufacture  women's,  misses',  and  children's 
hand  sewed  slippers,  and   get  out  one  of  the  finest  lines 


tor  the  New 
Engl  a  n  d. 
Western,  and 
Southern  job- 
bi  ng  trade, 
using,  in  the 
m  an  ufactur  e 
ot  these  goods, 
large  quanti- 
ties    of     kid. 


I)ongola,goat, 
ooze  ealt,  and 
g  1  o  V  e  c  a  1  f 
stock,  and 
gi\e  emplo\- 
ment  to  a 
large  number 
of  hands. 

Their      fac- 
tory,    situated 


at  49  and  51  Wingate  Street,  one  of  the  principal  streets 
in  the  city,  is  a  brick  building,  tour  stories  high, 
with  the  best  of  light  and  power.  Office  and  salesroom 
on  the  ground  floor,  also  an  office  105  Summer  Street, 
Boston. 

Although  Messrs.  Nason  and  Tuck  have  been  in 
the  shoe  business  but  a  year,  they  have  the  energy  and 
determination  to  be  one  of  the  leading  shoe  firms  of  the 
city.  Their  first  year's  business  has  been  one  of  satisfac- 
tion to  themselves,  and  they  trust  also  to  their  many 
customers,  as  they  are  men  believing  whatever  they 
sell,  that  should  they  give. 


257 


L.  C,  Wadleigh[  arid  Soris. 


Amonii  the  essentials  to  the  manufacture  of  boots 
and  shoes  are  good  and  well  fitting  lasts,  and  these 
have  been  supplied  to  Haverhill  for  almost  half  a  cen- 
tury by  the  above  firm,  which  was  established  by  the 
senior  partner  in  1841.  Mr.  Wadleigh  began  business 
on  Mill  Street,  at  the  very  opposite  end  of  the  city 
from  what  is  now  the  business  center.  He  soon  re- 
moved to  Stage  Street,  however,  and  afterwards  to 
Mechanics'  Court,  where  he  did  business  many  years. 
When  the  new  Odd  Fellows'  Building  was  erected  on 
Main  Street,  the  firm,  now  L.  C.  Wadleigh  and  Son, 
removed  to  Washington  Street,  occupying  a  building 
on  the  site  of  J.  H.  AVinchell  and  Company's  factory, 
being  one  of  the  pioneers  in  the  movement  up  town. 

In  1879,  being  in  need  of  larger  quarters,  they 
leased  the  Kimball  morocco  factory,  and  took  in  the. 
junior  member  of  the  firm.  Burned  out  in  the  fire  of 
1882,  they  obtained  their  present  quarters  on  Granite 
Street,  which  are  entirely  inadequate  for  their  business; 
and,  when  the  lease  of  this  building  expires,  they  will 
probably  erect  a  suitable  structure  on  the  Flanders  es- 
tate, which  the  young  men  have  recently  bought  for 
the  purpose.  The  firm  enjoys  a  good  reputation  at 
home  and  abroad,  havino'  an  extensive  trade  outside  of 
Haverhill.  They  deal  largely,  also,  in  last  blocks,  of 
which  they  have  always  on  hand  a  large  stock,  not 
only  in  this  city,  where  they  have  several  store  houses, 
but  in  various  parts  of  the  country,  stored  for  season- 
ing. This  is  an  important  part  of  successful  last-mak- 
ing, as  good  lasts  require  well  seasoned  timber. 

258 


Cl^arles   H.   Cox. 


Mr.  C  11.  Cox,  wholesale  and  retail  dealer  in  Hour, 
f^rain,  ha\',  and  straw,  at  19  Essex  Street,  and  the 
proprietor  ol"  an  elevator  and  mill  in  Bradford,  near 
Haverhill  Bridge,  be^jjan  business  in  1880  in  a  small 
way.  Since  then,  however,  the  enterprise  has  been 
attended  with  a  steady  and  \i<^orous  growth.  One 
team  and  one  man  were  then  sufficient  for  a  business 
that  now  L^ix  es  constant  emplovment  to  six  horses  and 
tifteen  men. 

The  elevator  and 
mill,  one  ot  the  best 
equipped  in  the  state, 
is  about  one  himdred 
feet  lono",  tbrt\'  feet 
w  i  d  e  ,  a  n  d  t  h  r  e  e 
stories  hig-h,  and  has 
a  capacity  of  about 
sixty  thousand  bush- 
els of  grain  in  bulk^ 
and  twcntv-hve  hun- 
dred tons  of  sacked 
grain  and  flour.  It 
has  been  retitted  by 
]Mr.  Cox  with  the  most  approved  modern  machinery  at 
a  cost  of  about  four  thousand  dollars. 

Air.  Cox  handled  last  year  about  one  thousand  car- 
loads of  hay,  grain,  and  flour,  besides  the  hundreds  of 
car-loads  of  meal.  His  membership  of  the  Boston 
Board  of  Trade  enables  him  to  buy  his  grain  direct 
from  the  West,  flxe  to  twenty-five  car-loads  at  a  time, 
and  thus  make  the  lowest  prices. 


259 


J,  Fred,  fldarris. 


For  a  city  with  the  extensive  business  interests  that 
Haverhill  has,  and  its  past  experience,  the  matter  of 
fire  insurance  is  an  important  consideration  w^ith  its 
business  men.  Mr.  J.  Fred.  Adams  has  been  engaged 
in  this  business  for  the  past  ten  years,  commencing 
while  with  the  Haverhill  Savings  Bank  and  so  continu- 
ing until  last  April,  when  he  retired  from  that  institu- 
tion and  established  himself  in  convenient  and  com- 
fortable offices  in  the  Daggett  Building,  Merrimack 
Street,  Rooms  12  and  13.  He  represents  the  following 
standard  companies:  — 

London  x\ssurance  Corporatit)n  of  London,  En- 
gland;  Firemen's  Insurance  Company  of  Dayton,  Ohio; 
I^ong  Island  Insurance  Company  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. ; 
New  York  Fire  Insurance  Company  of  New  York; 
American  Insurance  Company  of  Boston;  and  the 
Worcester  Mutual  Fire  Insurance  Company  of  Wor- 
cester, Massachusetts. 

In  the  life  and  accident  branches  of  the  business  he 
has  in  the  agency  the  Mutual  Benefit  Life  Insurance 
Company  of  Newark,  N.  J.,  and  the  Standard  Accident 
Insurance  Company  of  Detroit,  Mich.,  and  aims  to  give 
the  best  satisfaction  to  his  patrons. 

His  past  experience  warrants  his  offering  his  ser- 
vices to  those  desiring  assistance  in  making  invest- 
ments, or  that  feel  the  need  of  a  practical  accountant  or 
auditor. 

Western  mortgages  are  largely  invested  in  here, 
and  to  those  desiring  such  securities  he  can  offer  the  7 
per  cent  guaranteed  loans  of  the  Vermont  Loan  and 
Trust  Company,  one  of  the  best  of  its  class. 

260 


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